고대 인도수학의 특징

김종명,Kim, Jong-Myung 한국수학사학회 2010 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.23 No.1

고대의 인도수학은 산스크리트어로 쓰여 있고, 수학의 법칙이나 문제들은 구전되었거나 필사본의 형태로 경전 속에 포함되어 있으며, 학생들이 암기를 쉽게 할 수 있도록 아주 간결하게 정리되어 있다. 고대 인도의 많은 수학자들은 일찍이 십진법, 계산법, 방정식, 대수학, 기하학, 삼각법 등의 연구에 공헌하였다. 이 논문은 고대 인도수학과 다른 문명권의 수학발전을 비교하였다. 고대 그리스 수학이 공리적이고 연역적이라면, 인도수학은 양적이며 계산적이지만 원리를 가지고 문제를 해결하는 특성이 있다. 고대 인도와 타 문명권의 수학을 비교하는 것은 오늘날 수학교육과 수학사 연구에 의미가 있는 것으로 사료된다. Ancient Indian mathematical works, all composed in Sanskrit, usually consisted of a section of sturas in which a set of rules or problems were stated with great economy in verse in order to aid memorization by a student. And rules or problems of the mathematics were transmitted both orally and in manuscript form.Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the decimal number system, arithmetic, equations, algebra, geometry and trigonometry. And many Indian mathematicians were appearing one after another in Ancient. This paper is a comparative study of mathematics developments in ancient India and the other ancient civilizations. We have found that the Indian mathematics is quantitative, computational and algorithmic by the principles, but the ancient Greece is axiomatic and deductive mathematics in character. Ancient India and the other ancient civilizations mathematics should be unified to give impetus to further development of mathematics education in future times.

Streptomyces coelicolor 리보핵산내부분해효소 RNase ES의 결합단백질 규명 및 기능분석

김종명,송우석,김현리,고하영,이강석,Kim, Jong-Myung,Song, Woo-Seok,Kim, Hyun-Lee,Go, Ha-Young,Lee, Kang-Seok 한국미생물학회 2007 미생물학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Escherichia coli에서 RNA 분해와 가공에 있어서 중심적인 역할을 하는 RNase E의 동족체 단백질인 Streptomyces coelicolor RNase ES의 결합 단백질을 항체침전을 이용하여 탐색하였다. 무기인산을 이용하는 polyphosphate kinase와 리보핵산외부분해효소인 polynucleotide phophorylase의 동족체인 GPSI가 RNase ES와 함께 침전되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는S. coelicolor에도 E. coli RNase E를 매개로 구성되는 다단백질복합체인 degradosome이 RNase ES에 의해 형성될 수 있음을 암시한다. 계통적으로 멀리 떨어진 이 두 세균에서 정제된 polynucleotide phosphorylase 동족체는 시험관에서의 RNA 분해 특성이 서로 유사함을 보였다. 이러한 실험 결과는 RNase ES가 E. coli degradosome과 유사한 기능과 구조를 가진 단백질 복합체를 형성함을 시사한다. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we identified proteins interacting with Streptomyces coelicolor RNase ES, an ortholog of Escherichia coli RNase E that plays a major role in RNA decay and processing. Polyphosphate kinase and a homolog of exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase, guanosine pentaphosphate synthetase I that use inorganic phophate were co-precipitated with RNase E, indicating a possibility of S. coelicolor RNase ES to form a multiprotein complex called degradosome, which has been shown to be formed by RNase E in E. coli. Polynucleotide phophorylase proteins from these two phylogenetically distantly related bacteria species showed similar RNA cleavage action in vitro. These results imply the ability of RNase ES to form a multiprotein complex that has structurally and functionally similar to that of E. coli degradosome.

A History of Dynamical System and the H-Shadowing

김종명,유택민,Kim Jong Myung,Yoo Taeg-min The Korean Society for History of Mathematics 2005 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.18 No.1

본 논문에서는 역학계의 역사와 H-추적 성질(H-shadowing property)의 개념을 소개한다. 또한 콤팩트 거리 공간에서 H-추적 성질과, 확정성, 위상적 안정성 등 다른 역학적 성질 사이의 관계를 연구하였다. In this paper, we introduce the history of dynamical systems and the notion of the H-shadowing property. And we study some relationships between the H-shadowing property and other dynamical properties such as expansivity and topological stability.

Escherichia coli 16S rRNA의 789 염기의 기능분석 및 이차복귀돌연변이체 발췌를 위한 방법 개발

김종명,고하영,송우석,류상미,이강석,Kim Jong-Myung,Go Ha-Young,Song Woo-Seok,Ryou Sang-Mi,Lee Kang-Seok 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Escherichia coli 16S rRNA의 잘 보존된 부분인 790 loop의 즉흥진화를 통한 분석에서 리보솜의 단백질 수행기능을 위해서 필수불가결한 것으로 추측되는 789번 위치에 염기치환을 유발하여 제작한 변이체 리보솜의 기능을 chloramphenicol acetyltransfernse mRNA의 단백질로의 번역능력 차이에 따른 chloramphenicol에 대한 저항성의 정도를 측정함으로써 분석하였다. 예상했던 바와 같이 모든 변이체 리보솜의 단백질 합성능력은 현저히 저하되었으며, 789 염기의 단백질합성에서의 기능을 규명하기 위하여 16S rRNA 변이체의 기능을 회복시키는 이차복귀돌연변이(second-site revertant)를 발췌하는 효과적인 유전학적 실험방법을 개발하였다. A base substitution was introduced at the position 789 in Escherichia coli 16S rRNA, which was previously identified as an invariant residue for ribosome function and the ability of the mutant ribosomes to translate chloramphenicol acetyltransfernse mRNA was measured by determining the degree of resistance to chloramphenicol of cells expressing these mutant ribosomes. As expected, mutant ribosomes containing a base sub-stitution at the position 789 showed significantly reduced protein-synthesis ability and to identify a functional role played by this residue in protein synthesis, we developed an efficient genetic method to select second-site revertants in 16S rRNA that restore protein-synthesis function to these mutant ribosomes.

고대 인도와 술바수트라스 기하학

김종명,허혜자,Kim, Jong-Myung,Heo, Hae-Ja 한국수학사학회 2011 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.24 No.1

This study was carrying out research on the geometry of Sulbas${\={u}}$tras as parts of looking for historical roots of oriental mathematics, The Sulbas${\={u}}$tras(rope's rules), a collection of Hindu religious documents, was written between Vedic period(BC 1500~600). The geometry of Sulbas${\={u}}$tras in ancient India was studied to construct or design for sacrificial rite and fire altars. The Sulbas${\={u}}$tras contains not only geometrical contents such as simple statement of plane figures, geometrical constructions for combination and transformation of areas, but also algebraic contents such as Pythagoras theorem and Pythagorean triples, irrational number, simultaneous indeterminate equation and so on. This paper examined the key features of the geometry of Sulbas${\={u}}$tras and the geometry of Sulbas${\={u}}$tras for the construction of the sacrificial rite and the fire altars. Also, in this study we compared geometry developments in ancient India with one of the other ancient civilizations. 본 연구는 동양수학의 뿌리를 찾기 위한 목적의 일환으로 인도의 술바수트라스 기하학에 대해 살펴보았다. 술바수트라스(끈의 법칙)는 고대 인도의 베다시대 (BC 1500~600) 문헌으로 힌두교의 경전 중 하나이다. 이 경전 속에 있는 기하학은 성스런 제단이나 사원을 설계하거나 건축하가 위해서 연구되었다. 이 경전은 간단하고 명백한 평면 도형의 명제부터 도형의 작도법, 제단의 작도법과 같은 기하학적 내용뿐 만아니라, 피타고라스 정리와 활용, 도형의 변형, 분수와 무리수, 연립부정방정식 등과 같은 대수적 내용이 포함한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 일반적인 술바스트라스 기하학의 특징과 희생제단과 불의제단의 건축을 위한 술바스트라스 기하학을 살펴보고 술바수트라스의 기하학과 다른 문명권의 기하학의 발전을 비교하여 그 특징을 조사하였다.

고대 그리스 수학과 동양 수학

김종명,Kim, Jong-Myung 한국수학사학회 2007 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 동양수학과 고대 그리스 수학을 비교한 결과, 동양수학은 엄밀한 논리적 체계를 갖추지는 못했지만 양적이고 계산적이며 어떤 원리를 가지고 문제를 해결한 반면, 고대 그리스에서는 완전한 학문으로써의 공리적이고 연역적인 전개로 이루어진 수학의 특성을 가지고 있음을 고찰하였다. 이는 동양과 고대 그리스의 수학적 특성과 장점들을 결합하여 연구하면 미래의 수학교육과 수학발전에 원동력이 될 것으로 기대된다. In this paper, we shall try to give a comparative study of mathematics developments in ancient Greece and ancient Oriental mathematics. We have found that the Oriental Mathematics. is quantitative, computational and algorithmetic, but the ancient Greece is axiomatic and deductive mathematics in character. The two region mathematics should be unified to give impetus to further development of mathematics in future times.

프랑스어 이중타동사구문 분석 - 유형론적 관점을 중심으로

김종명 ( Jong-myung Kim ) 서울대학교 불어문화권연구소 2017 불어문화권연구 Vol.27 No.-

La presente etude traite de la construction ditransitive (la CD). Il s’agit d’une construction ayant deux complements qui expriment respectivement “un recipiendaire” (ou “un but”) et “un objet transfere” (ou “un object deplace”). Le verbe y apparaissant comme predicat tel que donner, envoyer, dire, etc, est appele le verbe ditransitif (le VD). Elle examine ce type de construction surtout en francais mais egalement dans 16 autres langues, et cela, avec un double objectif. Elle vise a analyser la CD du francais en repondant aux trois questions laissees ouvertes par notre precedente etude (Kim (2015)) discutant des CD de 27 langues y compris le francais. Il s’agit de trois questions suivantes : 1) Dans Kim (2015), nous avons observe que le francais et l’italien se comportent de facon unique par rapport aux autres langues examinees. Cela est surtout dans la mesure ou ils ont leur CD syntaxico- semantiquement ambigue. En effet, dans ces deux langues, chaque CD s’analyse comme ayant deux differentes structures et aussi deux distincts sens correspondants. Comment peut-on expliquer le comportement particulier de ces deux langues ? 2) Parmi les 27 langues traitees dans Kim (2015), il y en a 15 qui permettent a leur VD d’avoir une paire de CD. Or, ces 15 langues sont divisees en deux classes. Il y a, d’un cote, une classe composee de 5 langues, dont le VD possede une CD a deux objects directs (= une CDOD) et une autre CD ayant un object direct ainsi qu’un object indirect (= une CODI), et de l’autre cote, l’autre classe constituee de 10 langues, dont le VD prend une paire de CODI. Etant donne deux classes ainsi distinguees, qu’est ce qui entraine chacune des 15 langues a appartenir a une classe mais non pas a l’autre ? Qu’est ce qui determine l’appartenance de chaque langue a sa classe ? 3) Kim (2015) a propose une hypothese qui explique pourquoi certaines langues autorisent leur VD a prendre une paire de CD alors que d’autres admettent leur VD a disposer d’une seule CD. Notre hypothese est que si une langue donnee a sa CD qui souffre d’un desaccord entre son sens et sa structure syntaxique, elle a besoin d’une CD supplementaire pour venir maintenir un accord entre eux. Toutefois, parmi les 27 langues examinees, nous avons trouve quatre langues qui constituent un contre-exemple a cette hypothese. Il s’agit de l’espagnol, du catalan, du portugais et du roumain. Ces langues donnent a leur VD, une paire de CD qui gardent toutes une bonne harmonie entre ses syntaxe et semantique. Comment peut-on expliquer l’exceptionnelle conduite de ces langues romanes ? C’est en vue de trouver les reponses a ces questions que nous avons procede a l’analyse des CD du francais et des 16 autres langues et voici les resultats auxquels nous sommes arrives. 1) La CD francais s’est averee, de nouveau, ambigue sur le plan syntaxico-semantique. En effet, elle exprime soit “un deplacement de l’objet”, soit “un transfert de la possession”. Dans le premier cas, elle s’analyse comme une structure a la coquille de syntagme verbal (VP-Shell) ou son complement direct c-commande son complement indirect. Par contre, quand elle denote le dernier sens, elle forme une construction applicative ou son complement indirect c-commande son complement direct au niveau de la structure profonde. 2) Les comportements exceptionnels des CD francais et italien sont dus conjointement aux proprietes de leur categorie applicative et a celle de l’assignement du Cas structurel au complement d’object direct, que possede la CD denotant “un transfert de la possession”. En effet, cette categorie fonctionnelle y a les proprietes en tant qu’applicatif bas, assignateur du Cas Inherent et applicatif nul. 3) En ce qui concerne la classe des langues ou chaque VD permet une paire de CDIO, leur CD denotant “un transfert de la possession”, a sa categorie applicative qui assigne un Cas inherent, ce qui est impossible pour l’autre classe ou leur VD possede une CDOD et une CODI. Alors la capacite ou l’incapacite de sa categorie applicative a assigner le Cas inherent fait differer dans ce contexte. 4) Les comportements exceptionnels des quatre langues romanes proviennent d’un caractere partage en commun par leur categorie applicative dans leur CD denotant “un transfert de possession”. Il s’agit d’une propriete qui permet a leur categorie applicative le choix de se realiser lexicalement ou non. 5) La categorie applicative de la CD denotant “un transfert de la possession”, detient trois proprietes parametriques. Toutes les for mes syntaxiques variees que prennent les CD denotant “un transfert de la possession” des 17 langues, sont essentiellement derivees des combinaisons de la valeur affirmative ou negative de leurs trois proprietes parametriques.

《直指》의 禪사상과 그 의의

金鐘明(Kim Jong-Myung) 역사학회 2003 역사학보 Vol.177 No.-

The purpose of this article is twofold: First is to examine and analyze the Seon, the Korean version of Meditation, thought of the Baegun hwasang chorok Buljo jikji simche yojeol (Master Baegun's Excerpts from the Buddhas and Patriarchs' Direct Pointing to the Essence of Mind) (hereafter, Baegun's Excerpts); and second is to clarify the significance of the text in East Asian Buddhism. For this purpose, this paper focuses on the historical, intellectual, and textual significance of the text. Unlike its counterparts in China, the Baegun's Excerpts was neither a political product, nor an intellectual outcome at the time when it was published. However, it holds its own distinctive characteristics in theoretical matters, which include emphasis on firm faith in enlightenment, on the theory of no-(false) mind or no-(false) thought, and on sudden enlightenment followed by gradual cultivation, an understanding of hwadu, the topic of meditation, merely as a skillful means, and its characteristic views of Buddhist precepts and the recitation of the Buddha's name. The Baegun's Excerpts also has its significance in the history of Zen bibliography and printing culture. However, the text has some limitations in space and theory: Most of the meditation masters cited in it are Chinese masters and its content is predominant with the teachings of Chan Schools of China. As a result, the text almost ignored the activities of the eminent Korean Sean masters who played a significant role in the development of Zen Buddhism in East Asia. In addition, the invention of metallic type had a great influence in human history. However, the Baegun's Excerpts, the first metallic type printing in the world, was used only as a textbook for monks, thus decreasing its role in world history. Research activities of the Baegun's Excerpts have primarily focused on its bibliographical features. However, further research on the work, including topics of its historical and ideological significance, remains open to discuss: (1) An investigation of the relationship between the thought of the Baegun's Excerpts and that of Baegun is necessary for further clarification of the former; (2) The conventional idea has argued that the kanhwa ("observing the topic of meditation") method constituted the mainstream of Sean Buddhism in fourteenth century Korea. However, this idea needs to be reexamined. This is because the Baegun's Excerpts admits it just as a skill-in-means and emphasizes Jinul's (1158-1210) soteriology of sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation, and Chih-k'ung (Dhy?nabhadra), who was active in early-fourteenth century Korea and did not stress the kanhwa Sean, had an influence on the formation of Baegun's thought; (3) Baegun has been considered the compiler of the work. However, he said that it was Beomnin who first selected its content and he reluctantly participated in compiling it due to his weak eye-sight caused by age. Therefore, a study of the role of Beomnin, the actual compiler of the work, is necessary; (4) Differences of the ethical view between Baegun and Chih-k'ung and their influence in Korean Buddhism, and by extension, East Asian Buddhism also remain open to further discuss; and (5) Reflective messages from the Baegun's Excerpts with regard to the views of cultivation, the recitation of the Buddha's name, and Buddhist precepts are also warrants of further examination.

이중타동사 구문에 대한 유형론 연구 -여격 구문과 이중목적어 구문을 중심으로

김종명 ( Jong Myung Kim ) 서울대학교 불어문화권연구소 2015 불어문화권연구 Vol.25 No.-

La presente etude traite de la construction du verbe ditransitif exprimant “transfert de possession”(= la CVD), et cela dans une perspective translinguistique. La CVD se caracterise comme ayant trois arguments, soit ceux d’Agent, de Theme et de Recipiendaire. Il s’agit d’un type de construction verbale universellement reperable. Mais cela n’empeche pas de constater qu’elle apparait sous differente(s) structure(s) argumentale(s) a travers les langues. En effet, dependant de la langue, elle prend au moins une des trois tournures suivantes. Primo, pour des langues comme l’anglais, la CVD se montre en forme d’une paire de constructions, soit, une construction a deux complements d’object direct (= une COD) et l’autre ayant un complement d’object direct et un complement d’object indirect (= une COI). (1) a. I give two books to Mary. (une COD) b. I give Mary two books. (une COI) Secundo, elle se realise en une seule COI, ce aui est le cas pour des langues comme le francais. (2) a. Je donne deux livres a Marie. (une COI) b. *Je donne Marie deux livres.Enfin, quant a des langues comme le bulgare, elle apparait sous la forme d’une paire de COI. (3) a. Varnaxme recnikai na negovijai sobstvenik. (une COI) returned2PL the dictionary to its owner “We returned the dictionary to its owner.” b. Varnaxme mui negovijai cnika na rasobstveniki. (l’autre COI) returned2PL CLDAT his dictionary to the owner “We returned the owner his dictionary.” C’est en faisant face a une telle diversite formelle de la CVD que nous nous sommes demande pourquoi cette construction varie d’une langue a l’autre parmi ces trois formes et comment une explication plausible y serait attribuable. C’est afin de repondre a ces questions que nous avons examine les CVD de 27 langues qui se divisent en trois classes en fonction de leur forme. Et c’est au bout de leurs analyses que nous en proposons une hypothese explicative qui suit: Primo, au cas ou la CVD dispose d’une paire de constructions, peu importe que cette paire soit composee d’une COD et une COI ou de deux COI. Une COI de cette paire detient une asymetrie entre ses structures syntaxique et semantique. Donc afin de se faire remedier au desequilibre syntaxico-semantique, elle a besoin d’une autre CVD qui soit harmonieuse entre ses structures syntaxique et semantique. Cette CVD supplementaire se realise soit en une COD, soit en une COI, dependamment de la langue. Secundo, au cas ou la CVD apparait en une seule construction du type COI, elle est symetrique entre ses structures syntaxique et semantique. C’est ainsi qu’elle n’a pas besoin d’une autre CVD supplementaire qui vienne combler son eventuel defaut.

A1어선 선체용접부의 신형상 개발 및 적용 가능성 검토

김종명(KIM Jong-Myung),오종인(OH Chong-In),방한서(BANG Han-Sur) 대한조선학회 2001 大韓造船學會 論文集 Vol.38 No.1