스탈린은 왜 한국전쟁을 '허락'했는가? : 새로운 시각

金正培(Kim Jung-Bae) 역사학회 2005 역사학보 Vol.0 No.188

The Origins of the Korean War, especially their role of and interrelations among Stalin, Mao Zedong, Kim Ill-Sung has been attracted by many researchers. Because, above all, it is important to understand the characters and historic implications of the Cold War as well as the Korean War. Generally, a great of scholars have accepted that Stalin's desire for world revolution and the Soviet Union's traditional expansionism ignited the beginning of the Korean War. And, it has become a natural conclusion that Stalin's aim in Korean War was the exclusive control of Korea as a whole. In fact, they have evidenced by a lots new historical materials after the death of the Old Socialist Camp. The established scholarships have many merits, but also the false to strain the reality. The aim of this present study is to examine why stalin approved Kim Ill-Sung's appeal to reunify Korean peninsular by military means. To effectively reach that aim, it is preconditioned that the dialectics of centripetal and centrifugal power was the operating mechanism of the Cold War, the letter was prevailing. In other words, The US and the USSR hope to get control of the Inside, not expand forward the Outside of their sphere of power. This theory is applied to Stalin's Green Signal to the Korean War. The following is the results of this study. Firstly, at the end of 1949 the success of Chines Revolution and beginning of 1950 the conclusion of Sino-Soviet Alliance gave a burden to Stalin, not him some confidence about Asian Revolution. With the rise of new China, the international political Status of Stalin and the USSR was increasingly to challenged. Stalin and the USSR have a new threat, Stalin will never accept it. Secondly, the North Korean Leader, Kim Ill-Sung insisted steadfastly the reunification of two Korea. For Stalin, Kim' suggestion was a kind of pressure. As a revolutionary and revolutional world leadership, Stalin had no choice but to approve Kim's appeal to a revolutional war, fearing a American response. Thirdly, though reluctantly, Stalin decided the North Korean invasion of South. Stalin's logics and conditions of Korean War were, first of all, the US will intervene Korean peninsular situation. Stalin hope to make China directly fight with the US. That was a device to weak China and draw to its dependence on the USSR. The anticipated Kim Ill-Sung' failure to achieve an unification will justify Stalin's assessing the US intervention and is able to pass Mao and Kim the responsibility for miscalculation of it. Fourthly, Stalin had not the intention and capability to fight the US, and desire to notify the US his real thoughts to not challenge the super-great power. Therefore, Stalin's seemingly dual attitudes was the presentation of his prudently calculated strategy, not his opportunity. To sum it up, Stalin hope to make China directly fight with th US. It was a device to weak China and draw to its dependence on the USSR. And, Stalin will justify his rightness of assessing the US intervention and pass Mao and Kim the responsibility for miscalculation of it. finally, Stalin hope to notify the US his not intent to fight with it. Therefore, Stalin's choice of the Korean War was a strategic politics considered a changed situation of Asia and the mechanism of the Cold War, not to get control of Korea as a whole.

김종삼의 시 「園丁」과 미다스 신화의 상동성

김정배(Kim Jeong-bae) 국어문학회 2016 국어문학 Vol.62 No.-

본고는 기본적으로 미다스 신화의 서사 구조와 김종삼의 시 「園丁」의 의미 구조의 상동성을 고찰하려는 목적을 갖는다. 구체적으로는 그리스 로마신화 속 미다스의 이야기와 김종삼의 시 「園丁」은 모티프와 내용 전개가 유사하고, 김종삼의 시적 편력이 서양의 문화와 예술에 집중되어 있음을 착안하여 그의 시세계의 정서적 확장과 문학적 공명의 시적 영향력을 넓히고자 하였다. 이를 토대로 「園丁」과 미다스 신화에서 공통적으로 발견되는 ‘죄의식’과 ‘물신성’이 김종삼의 시세계 전반에 또 다른 방향성을 제시하고 있다고 보았다. 이러한 특징은 물신성의 극복이라는 새로운 시적 과제를 김종삼에게 안겨줌과 동시에 시적 주체성의 회복이라는 문제의식과도 귀결되는 것으로 판단하였다. 그 과정에서 도출되는 ‘내용 없는 가난함’과 ‘순수 예술 지향’의 모습은 김종삼의 시 「園丁」과 그리스 로마신화 속 미다스의 이야기가 형성해 내는 독특한 상동성에서 기인한다고 본고는 고찰하였다. The purpose of this paper is to examine the homology of semantic structure between the poem 「The Gardener」 by Kim Jong-sam and the narrative structure of the Midas mythology. More specifically, 「The Gardener」 and the story of Midas in Greek mythology have similar motifs and plot developments. Also, by observing the poetic journey of Kim Jong-sam that focused on the culture and art of the West, in this paper tried to widen the emotional expansion of his poetic world as well as his poetic influence of literary resonance. The author of this paper determined that ‘a sense of guilt’ and ‘fetishism’ commonly found in the 「The Gardener」 and Midas mythology present an alternative direction to Kim‘s poetic world. It was concluded that these characteristics, while posing a new poetic challenge of overcoming fetishism to Kim, have be boiled down to the issue of recovering poetic independence. In regards to the ‘poverty with no content’ and ‘pure art-oriented’ images derived from within, we considered them to be attributed to the unique homology generated by 「The Gardener」 and the story of Midas mythology.

안정동위원소를 이용한 서해연안 실뱀장어의 먹이 습성

김정배,이원찬,김대중,성기백,최희구,최우정,황학빈,홍석진,김형철,박성은,심정희,강창근,Kim, Jeong Bae,Lee, Won-Chan,Kim, Dae-Jung,Seong, Ki Baik,Choi, Hee-Gu,Choi, Woo-Jeung,Hwang, Hak Bin,Hong, Sokjin,Kim, Hyung Chul,Park, Sung-Eun,Shim, 한국해양학회 2013 바다 Vol.18 No.4

실뱀장어는 산란장인 마리아나해구에서 산란 및 부화과정을 거쳐, 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스 단계에서 북적도 해류와 쿠로시오 해류를 따라 회유하면서 변태과정을 거치게 된다. 변태된 실뱀장어는 동중국해를 지나 우리나라 연안으로 올라오는데 실뱀장어의 먹이원에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없었다. 실뱀장어 먹이원은 안정동위원소 비값을 측정하여 수서 생태계에 존재하는 먹이망에 의한 단계별 증가율을 해석함으로써 가능하다. 2012년 4월에 채집된 자연산 실뱀장어의 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소를 측정하여 먹이원을 밝히기 위하여 실뱀장어 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$를 분석하고 서해안 및 동중국해 북부해역의 가용 가능한 입자유기물질에 대한 값들을 분석, 비교하였다. 우리나라 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-20.7{\pm}0.1$‰, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $5.0{\pm}0.2$‰로 나타났다. 실뱀장어의 가용 먹이원으로 추정되는 입자유기물질 중 서해안의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.0{\pm}0.3$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $2.8{\pm}0.4$‰이었고, 동중국해 북부해역의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.5{\pm}0.5$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $0.8{\pm}0.3$‰이었다. 일반적으로 알려진 영양단계에 따른 동위원소 분별 비값 증가율을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서 나타난 서해안과 동중국해의 POM과 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$값의 차이는 서해안과 동중국해의 입자유기물질이 자연산 실뱀장어의 먹이원으로써 이용되지 않았다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 우리나라 연안에서 채집되는 실뱀장어는 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스에서 변태과정을 거친 이후에는 먹이를 섭이하지 않고 회유하는 것으로 나타났다. Glass eels (Anguilla japonica) are caught in the west coast of Korea on their migratory route from the breeding grounds in the Mariana Trench along the North Equatorial Current and the Kuroshio Current. To identify the food source of natural glass eels, we analyzed the stable C and N isotopes of glass eels caught in April 2012 and investigated possible food sources in the survey area. In particular, with respect to the stable C and N isotopes of particulate organic matter, we extended the surveying area to the northern parts of East China Sea as well as the west coast of Korea. The stable C and N isotope ratios of the glass eels caught in the west coast were found to be $-20.7{\pm}0.1$‰ and $5.0{\pm}0.2$‰, respectively. The stable C and N isotope ratios of the particulate organic matter in the west coast of Korea, in which the glass eels are assumed to eat the particulate organic matter as food source, were estimated to be $-24.0{\pm}0.3$‰ and $2.8{\pm}0.4$‰, respectively. Similar data were obtained from the northern part of the East China Sea, $-24.5{\pm}0.5$‰ and $0.8{\pm}0.3$‰. The stable isotope ratios showed values differing from the stepwise increasing rates up the food web in natural aquatic ecosystem, showing that particulate organic matter in the west coast of Korea and East China Sea was not served as the glass eels food source. This result suggested that the glass eels caught in the west coast might not assimilate nutrition from the marine environment during long migration.

초고압 가스절연 개폐장치의 스마트 진단 시스템 개발

김정배,Kim, Jeong-Bae 한국전기산업진흥회 2001 電氣産業 Vol.12 No.2

아시아 몬순특성을 고려한 다중 GCMs 선정방법 개발 및 평가

김정배,김진훈,배덕효,Kim, Jeong-Bae,Kim, Jin-Hoon,Bae, Deg-Hyo 한국수자원학회 2020 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.53 No.9

The objectives of this study are to develop a framework for selecting multi-GCMs considering Asia monsoon characteristics and assess it's applicability. 12 climate variables related to monsoon climates are selected for GCM selection. The framework for selecting multi-GCMs includes the evaluation matrix of GCM performance based on their capability to simulate historical climate features. The climatological patterns of 12 variables derived from individual GCM over the summer monsoon season during the past period (1976-2005) and they are compared against observations to evaluate GCM performance. For objective evaluation, a rigorous scoring rule is implemented by comparing the GCM performance based on the results of statistics between historical simulation derived from individual GCM and observations. Finally, appropriate 5 GCMs (NorESM1-M, bcc-csm1-m, CNRM-CM5, CMCC-CMS, and CanESM2) are selected in consideration of the ranking of GCM and precipitation performance of each GCM. The selected 5 GCMs are compared with the historical observations in terms of monsoon season and monthly mean to validate their applicability. The 5 GCMs well capture the observational climate characteristics of Asia for the 12 climate variables also they reduce the bias between the entire GCM simulations and the observational data. This study demonstrates that it is necessary to consider various climate variables for GCM selection and, the method introduced in this study can be used to select more reliable climate change scenarios for climate change assessment in the Asia region.

친환경 개폐장치 동향

김정배,Kim, Jeong-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료 Vol.25 No.10

AEO 인증제도란: AEO 인증제도에 대한 이해

김정배,Kim, Jeong-Bae 한국사료협회 2010 飼料 Vol.47 No.-

안정동위원소를 이용한 낙동강 하구 실뱀장어의 먹이 습성 분석

김정배,이원찬,김형철,홍석진,박경동,KIM, JEONG BAE,LEE, WON-CHAN,KIM, HYUNG CHUL,HONG, SOKJIN,PARK, KYEONG DONG 한국해양학회 2016 바다 Vol.21 No.1

우리나라에서 발견된 자연산 실뱀장어는 마리아나 해구에서 산란 및 부화의 과정을 거친후 북적도 해류를 따라 회유한다. 자연산 미성어인 실뱀장어는 우리나라의 남 서해안에서 채집되어 양식용 종묘로 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 자연산 실뱀장어의 섭식과정을 알아보기 위하여 2014년 3월과 4월 낙동강 하구에서 실뱀장어를 채집하여 전장, 습중량, 건중량, 탄소 및 질소 함량, 안정동위원소비를 분석하였으며, 아울러 수온과 염분을 측정하였다. 낙동강 하구의 수온은 $13.2{\pm}1.0$(평균 ${\pm}$ 1SE; 범위는 $10.1{\sim}15.7)^{\circ}C$ 이었고, 염분은 $24.8{\pm}2.4$(13.2~34.0)이었으며, 수문 개방시 염분은 13.2~30.0(평균 21.2)로 낮은 값을 보였다. 실뱀장어의 전장은 $56.5{\pm}0.2$(51.0~63.6) mm, 습중량은 $70.9{\pm}1.4$(33.6~133.2) mg, 건중량은 $16.5{\pm}0.3$(10.1~29.1) mg이었다. 실뱀장어의 탄소와 질소 함량은 각각 $51.0{\pm}0.8%$ 및 $13.9{\pm}0.1%$ 이었다. 낙동강 하구에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 및 ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 각각 -20.9±0.2‰, 6.1±0.1‰로 북적도 해류에서 채집된 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스와 유사한 값을 보였다. 따라서, 이러한 결과는 낙동강 하구에서 채집된 실뱀장어는 뱀장어 자어에서 실뱀장어로의 변태과정을 거친 이후 회유하는 동안 먹이를 섭이 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Wild glass eels found in the Korean peninsula are thought to migrate along the North Equatorial Current and undergo the processes of spawning and incubation in the Mariana Trench. Juveniles of the wild glass eels are collected from the southern and western coasts of the Korean peninsula and used as seeds for aquaculture. To investigate the feeding behavior of wild glass eels, we collected glass eels from the Nakdong River estuary during March and April 2014 and analyzed the total length, wet weight, dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents, and stable isotope ratio of eels as well as water temperature and salinity. Water temperature in the Nakdong River estuary was $13.2{\pm}1.0$ (mean ${\pm}$ 1SE; range, $10.1{\sim}15.7)^{\circ}C$ and salinity was $24.8{\pm}2.4$ (13.2~34.0), showed a lower range from 13.2 to 30.0 (a mean of 21.2) when the floodgates were opened. The total length of glass eels was $56.5{\pm}0.2$ (51.0~63.6) mm, wet weight was $70.9{\pm}1.4$ (33.6~133.2) mg, and dry weight was $16.5{\pm}0.3$ (10.1~29.1) mg. Carbon and nitrogen contents of glass eels were $51.0{\pm}0.8%$ and $13.9{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. Mean ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary were -20.9±0.2‰ and 6.1±0.1‰, displaying similar values to those of leptocephalus, glass eel larvae collected from the North Equatorial Current. Therefore, this result suggest that the glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary do not feed on prey after metamorphosis from eel larvae to glass eels their migration.

Study on the Relationships between Single Bubble Growth Behavior and Bubble Shape Assumption in Pool and low-He Flow Boiling

김정배,Kim, Jeong-Bae The Korean Solar Energy Society 2009 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.3

포화상태 핵비등과 저 Re수의 흐름비등에서 얻어진 실험결과를 바탕으로 하여, 기포가 성장하는 동안의 등가 기포 직경과 열전단율의 거동에 대한 기포 형상 가정의 효과를 제시하기 위한 해석적인 연구를 수행하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 등가 기포 반경이 기포가 성장하는 동안 촬영된 기포의 이미지로부터 얻어질 수 있는 형상 가정을 이용하여 계산되었다. 그리고 열전달율을 포화상태 핵비등 동안 미세크기의 히터와 휘스톤브리지 회로를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그리고, 기포 형상 가정의 효과를 실험결과와 비교하였고, 이를 통해 단일 기포의 성장 거동을 분석하기 위한 기포 형상 가정이 매우 중요함을 보였다.

퇴적물 성상 변화에 따른 섬진강 하구 거머리말의 생장 특성

김정배,박정임,이원찬,이근섭,kim, Jeong Bae,Park, Jung-Im,Lee, Won-Chan,Lee, Kun-Seop 한국해양학회 2015 바다 Vol.20 No.1

퇴적물 성상 변화에 따른 섬진강 하구 거머리말의 생장특성을 알아보기 위해 섬진강 하구 조간대 하부에서 수온, 수중 광량, 퇴적물 입도, 유기물, 노출시간 및 영양염 농도의 환경요인과 함께 거머리말의 밀도, 생물량, 형태적 특성과 성장을 2004년과 2009년의 5월부터 12월까지 월별 조사하였다. 수온은 2004년 및 2009년 모두 계절적인 경향을 보였고, 2009년이 유의하게 낮았다. 수중 광량은 2004년 및 2009년 모두 5월 이후 감소하다가 9월 이후 증가 하였고, 2009년이 유의하게 높았다. 노출은 두 해 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 표층 퇴적물의 입도 조성은 2004년 니사질에서 퇴적물 성상 변화에 의하여 2009년에는 사질로 변형되어 퇴적물 성상이 상대적으로 조립하였고, 퇴적물의 유기물 농도도 낮았다. 해수의 $NH_4{^+}$ 농도는 2004년이 유의하게 높았고, 퇴적물 공극수의 $NO_3{^-}+NO_2{^-}$ 농도는 2009년이 유의하게 높았으나 그 외 영양염 농도는 년도 별 유의한 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 거머리말의 개체 키, 잎 폭 등 형태적인 특성은 2004년 보다 2009년에 유의하게 낮았다. 두 해 모두 거머리말의 키, 잎 길이 및 엽초 길이는 초여름에 증가하고, 가을에 감소하는 계절적인 경향을 보였다. 단위면적당 서식밀도는 연도 별 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 생물량은 2004년 보다 2009년에 유의하게 적었다. 평균 개체당 잎 생산량은 연도 별 유의한 차이는 없었으나, leaf turnover time은 2009년이 2004년 보다 유의하게 짧았다. 즉, 퇴적물의 성상 변화가 2009년의 거머리말은 개체의 크기와 turnover time을 감소시킨 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 거머리말 서식지의 물리적인 퇴적물의 성상 변화는 섬진강 하구 조간대에 서식하는 잘피의 생장을 제한하는 요소가 될 수 있을 것이다. The growth and population dynamics of eelgrass (Zostera marina) due to changes in sediment composition were examined in the lower intertidal zone of the Seomjin Estuary, Korea. We surveyed environmental factors such as water temperature, underwater irradiance, main types and organic content of sediment, tidal exposure, and nutrient concentrations in the water column and sediment pore water, in relation to the shoot density, biomass, morphological characteristics, and growth of Z. marina inhabiting lower intertidal zones. The survey was conducted monthly from May to December of 2004 and 2009. The water temperature showed obvious seasonal trends in both study years. Underwater irradiance was significantly higher in 2009 than in 2004. Tidal exposure was not significantly different between 2004 and 2009. The sediment was muddy-sand in 2004 but became sandy and with a significantly lower organic content in 2009. Water column $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations were significantly higher in 2004 than in 2009. Sediment pore water $NO_3{^-}+NO_2{^-}$ concentrations were significantly higher in 2009 than in 2004. Other nutrient concentrations did not differ significantly between 2004 and 2009. Morphological characteristics, including eelgrass length and leaf width were significantly lower in 2009 than in 2004. Eelgrass shoot height, leaf length, and sheath length showed typical seasonal patterns, increasing in early summer and decreasing in autumn, in both years. Vegetative shoot density was not significantly different between 2004 and 2009, while the biomass of individual plant parts and the total biomass were significantly lower in 2009. Eelgrass leaf productivity did not differ between years, but leaf turnover time was significantly shorter in 2009 than in 2004. Eelgrass downsizing and decreased turnover time in 2009 compared to 2004 indicate more effective adaptations to the stress of long-term changes in sediment composition. Overall, results suggest that changes in sediment composition can be a limiting factor for seagrass growth in the intertidal zone.