김정은 시대 북한정치의 특징과 전망

김일기(Kim, Il-Gi),이수석(Lee, Su-Suk) 북한학회 2013 북한학보 Vol.38 No.2

이 글은 김정은 시대 북한 정치의 특징을 분석하고 향후 변화를 전망하고 있다. 북한 정치의 특정은 권력구조와 리더십 그리고 통치이념을 중심으로 분석하였다. 먼저, 북한의 권력구조는 수령체제라는 북한 정치체제의 특성에 주목하여 유일영도체계와 함께 권력엘리트의 재편에 초점을 두었다. 김정은 시대 유일영도체계는 김정일 시기에 비해 약해지고 있으며, 권력엘리트들은 당-정-군 모두에서 세대교체가 가속화되고 있다. 둘째, 김정은의 정치적 리더십은 인격적 리더십과 제도적 리더십을 통해 분석하였다. 김정은은 김정일 사망 직후 최고지도자의 지위에 기반한 제도적 리더십을 갖춘 이후, 현재까지 인격적 리더십 확립에 매진하고 있다. 셋째, 북한의 통치이념은 주체사상에서 김일성-김정일주의로 변경되었다. 그리고 북한은 김정은 시대의 실천담론으로서 김정일 애국주의를 확산시키고 있다. 결론적으로, 북한은 김정은 시대의 새로운 비전과 목표를 제시할 것이며, 이를 통해 김정일과의 차별성 및 변화를 모색할 가능성이 높다. This paper analyzes the characteristics of North Korean politics and predicts future changes under Kim Jong-Un era. It is analyzed power structure, political leadership and ruling ideology as the characteristics of North Korean politics. First, The power structure is consist of 'uilyongdochege (monolithic leadership)' and change of power elite. The 'uilyongdochege' has weakened and the replacement of power elite has accelerated compared to Kim Jong-Il era. Second, there were analyzed personal leadership and positional leadership as Kim Jong-un's political leadership. Kim Jong-Un established institutional leadership based on position of supreme leader soon after the death of Kim Jong-Il and has been trying to establish personal leadership. Third, The ruling ideology of North Korea changed from 'Juche Ideology' to 'Kimilsung-Kimjongilism'. And The 'KimJongil Patriotism' is spreading to the entire society as the discourse for practice 'Kimilsung-Kimjongilism'. Finally, North Korea will present a new vision and goals and try to differentiate Kim Jong-Un era from Kim Jong-Il era.

한국인 전반적 급진성 치주염 환자에서 IL-6 유전자 다변성에 관한 연구

방선정,김일신,김옥수,김영준,정현주,Bang, Sun-Jung,Kim, Il-Shin,Kim, Ok-Su,Kim, Young-Jun,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of generalized aggressive periodontitis with IL-6 promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP). Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 52 generalized aggressive periodontitis patients(GAP) and 30 periodontally healthy control subjects, who were systemically healthy non-smokers. Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swab. The IL-6 promotor SNP at the positions of -597, -572, and -174 were genotyped by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Result: The genotype distributions for G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes of IL-6 -597 were 30.8%, 40.4%, and 28.8% in the GAP group and 53.3%, 40%, and 6.7% in the control group and were statistically different between 2 groups(p<0.05). Allele 2 frequency of IL-6 -597 were significantly higher in the GAP group than the control group(p<0.01). At the position of IL-6 -572, the distribution for C/C, C/G and G/G genotypes were 23.1%, 55.8% and 21.2% in the GAP group and 20%, 33.3%, and 46.7% in the control group. In female subjects, the genotype distribution were significantly different between 2 groups(p<0.01). In male subjects, allele 2 frequency of IL-6-572 was significantly lower in the GAP group than the control group(p<0.05). The genotype distribution of IL-6 -174 in the GAP group were 96.2%, 3.8% for G/G, G/C genotypes whereas only the G/G genotype was detected in the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, significant associations were found in IL-6 gene promoter(-597, -572) polymorphisms and generalized aggressive periodontitis. Further cohort study will be necessary in larger population.

일반논문 : 김정은 체제의 대남정책과 남북관계

김일기 ( Il Gi Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2012 글로벌정치연구 Vol.5 No.1

북한은 작년 김정일 사망 이후 권력승계의 속도를 빠르게 진행하여 올해 4월의 제4차 당대표자회와 제12기 제5차 최고인민회의를 통해 김정은 체제를 공식적으로 출범시켰다. 현재 김정은 체제의 대내외 정책 방향은 김정일의 유훈에 따라 진행되고 있으나, 구체적 내용들은 아직 공개되지 않고 있다. 이 연구는 이러한 점에 주목하여 김정은 체제의 대남정책 방향과 남북관계를 전망하였다. 김정은 체제는 북한의 전통적 대남전략 목표인 ``한반도 공산화``를 계승함과 동시에 강온 양면의 이중적 대남정책을 전개할 것이다. 북한의 대남 유화정책은 경제난 해결과 미북 관계 개선 및 6자회담 재개를 위해 전개될 가능성이 높다. 반면, 대남 강경정책은 미북 관계와 북핵 협상 미진, 체제위기 탈피, 남북관계 주도권 확보 차원에서 추진될 가능성이 높다. 김정은 시대의 남북관계는 북한의 이중적 대남정책에 따라 경색과 회복의 국면을 반복할 것이다. 북한의 대남정책에서 새로운 변화가 없는 한 당분간 남북관계는 경색국면을 벗어나기 어렵다. 그러나 장기적 측면에서 보면 남북관계는 김정은 체제의 안정화 속에서 제한적이지만 점진적으로 개선되는 방향으로 나아갈 가능성이 높다. 아마도 남북관계와 한국, 미국, 중국의 권력교체가 완료되고 새로운 정부가 출범하는 2013년 이후에 새로운 변화의 가능성을 기대할 것으로 예상된다. Kim Jong-un regime has been officially launched from the fourth Conference of the Workers` Party of North Korea, and the fifth session of the 12th Supreme People`s Assembly was held on April 2012. The policy of Kim Jong-un regime has been followed by the teachings left by Kim Jong-il, but the details of it have not been known. So, this article analyzes not only the North Korea`s Policy against South Korea, but also inter-Korea relations which could be expected in the Kim Jong-un Regime. While it maintains the past policy objective, "the communization of the entire Korean peninsula", North Korea will be continued to purse the dual strategy of hardline and moderate toward South Korea. Inter-Korea relations of Kim Jong-un Era will be swung back and forth such as pendulum in the wall clock. If there is no change in strict policy toward South Korea, inter-Korea relations will become progressively worse. Taking the long-term perspective, however, inter-Korea relations will be improved gradually.

괴화 추출물이 대식세포에서의 nitric oxide와 interleukin-6의 생성에 미치는 영향

이지은,이주연,최점일,김종관,김성조,Lee, Ji-Eun,Lee, Ju-Youn,Choi, Jeom-Il,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Kim, Sung-Jo 대한치주과학회 2005 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.35 No.1

Both nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease as it does in other inflammatory diseases, and the inhibitors of NO and IL-6 production have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated methanol extract of Sophorae Flos for inhibition of NO and IL-6 production in Prevotella intermedia LPS-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Dried Sopharae Flos was sliced, and extracted with 100% methanol. LPS from p. intermedia ATCC 25611 was prepared by the standard hot phenol-water method. NO production was assayed by measuring the accumulation of nitrite in culture supematants and IL-6 was measured using mouse IL-6 ELISA kit. Western blot analysis of iNOS and analysis of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR products were carried out. The methanol extract of Sophorae Flos concentration-dependently reduced the production of NO and the expression of iNOS protein and mRNA in RAw264.7 cells treated with P. intermedia LPS. Sophorae Flos also suppressed IL-6 production and the expression of IL-6 mRNA in RAw264.7 cells stimulated by P. intermedia LPS. The inhibition of NO and IL-6 production by Sophorae Flos may be useful in the therapy of inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. This hypothesis, however, remains to be tested.

주조직적합항원이 불일치하는 마우스 동종 조혈모세포이식에서 IL-2로 유도된 CD4+CD25+ T세포를 이용한 이식편대숙주병의 억제

현재호,정대철,정낙균,박수정,민우성,김태규,최병옥,김원일,한치화,김학기,Hyun, Jae Ho,Jeong, Dae Chul,Chung, Nak Gyun,Park, Soo Jeong,Min, Woo Sung,Kim, Tai Gyu,Choi, Byung Ock,Kim, Won Il,Han, Chi Wha,Kim, Hack Ki 대한면역학회 2003 Immune Network Vol.3 No.4

Background: In kidney transplantation, donor specific transfusion may induce tolerance as a result of some immune regulatory cells against the graft. In organ transplantation, the immune state arises from a relationship between the immunocompromised graft and the immunocompetent host. However, a reverse immunological situation exists between the graft and the host in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In addition, early IL-2 injections after an allogeneic murine HSCT have been shown to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD) due to CD4+ cells. We investigated the induction of the regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells after a transfusion of irradiated recipient cells with IL-2 into a donor. Methods: The splenocytes (SP) were obtained from 6 week-old BALB/c mice ($H-2^d$) and irradiated as a single cell suspension. The donor mice (C3H/He, $H-2^k$) received $5{\times}10^6$ irradiated SP, and 5,000 IU IL-2 injected intraperitoneally on the day prior to HSCT. The CD4+CD25+ cell populations in SP treated C3H/He were analyzed. In order to determine the in vivo effect of CD4+CD25+ cells, the lethally irradiated BALB/c were transplanted with $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM and $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+CD25+ cells. The other recipient mice received either $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM with $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+ CD25- cells or the untreated SP. The survival and GVHD was assessed daily by a clinical scoring system. Results: In the MLR assay, BALB/c SP was used as a stimulator with C3H/He SP, as a responder, with or without treatment. The inhibition of proliferation was $30.0{\pm}13%$ compared to the control. In addition, the MLR with either the CD4+CD25+ or CD4+CD25- cells, which were isolated by MidiMacs, from the C3H/He SP treated with the recipient SP and IL-2 was evaluated. The donor SP treated with the recipient cells and IL-2 contained more CD4+CD25+ cells ($5.4{\pm}1.5%$) than the untreated mice SP ($1.4{\pm}0.3%$)(P<0.01). There was a profound inhibition in the CD4+CD25+ cells ($61.1{\pm}6.1%$), but a marked proliferation in the CD4+CD25- cells ($129.8{\pm}65.2%$). Mice in the CD4+CD25+ group showed low GVHD scores and a slow progression from the post-HSCT day 4 to day 9, but those in the control and CD4+CD25- groups had a high score and rapid progression (P<0.001). The probability of survival was 83.3% in the CD4+CD25+ group until post-HSC day 35 and all mice in the control and CD4+CD25- groups died on post-HSCT day 8 or 9 (P=0.0105). Conclusion: Donor graft engineering with irradiated recipient SP and IL-2 (recipient specific transfusion) can induce abundant regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells to prevent GVHD.

건축과 예술작품에 나타난 시간과 장소에 관한 연구

김일석 ( Il Seock Kim ),조철호 ( Cheol Ho Cho ) 디자인융복합학회 2014 디자인융복합연구 Vol.13 No.6

건축과 예술작품에 나타난 시간과 장소에 관한 연구는 시간과 장소를 여러가지 조형요소들과 함께 일상의 공간에서 작품들로 이야기하는 예술가들과 건축가의 주제들을 분석하고, 우리가 기억하고 싶어 하거나 기억하게 만들고 싶어 하는 시간 속의 장소를 연출하는 적극적인 표현방법을 연구한다. 이러한 연출된 시간과 장소에 관한 연구를 바탕으로 우리 삶 속의 상대적인 시간과 장소의 관계에 관한 이해를 도울 수 있도록 하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 시간과 장소에 대해 설명하며 둘 상호간의 관계를 제시하고 이야기하는 여러 예술가들과 건축가의 작품 사례를 찾아 그들이 자세히 들려주는 이야기를 중심으로 분석한다. 시간과 장소에 관한 연구에 있어서 둘중 어느 것을 전제로 기준을 잡느냐에 따라 제시하는 논지가 달라지는데,첫째로 예술작품을 시간을 논지의 전제로 기준을 잡고 장소를 설명해 나가는 경우와 장소를 논지의 전제로 기준을 잡고 시간에 관한 설명을 해 나가는 경우의 두 가지 경우로 분류해 연구를 시작한다. 둘째로 시간과 장소에대해 화자인 작가의 이야기만으로 설명하는 작품이 아닌 청자인 관람객과의 상호작용까지를 포함하여 작품의 이야기로 완성해 가는 스토리두잉(StoryDoing)의 설치예술작품의 사례를 연구한다. 셋째로 여러 다른 환경의장소에서 시간의 변화에 따른 환경과 체험을 제공하는 건축의 공간 사례를연구한다. 의미를 전달하는 장소가 된 건축의 공간들은 방문자에게 직접적인 체험을 제공한다. 이 장소들에서 방문자는 건축가가 전달하는 의미를 단순히 수령하는 이야기의 청자에서 행동하기도 하며, 또는 이야기의 참여자로서 건축 개념의 완성에 기여하는 스토리두잉의 단계에 이르기도 한다. This research analyzes the process and methods that artists andarchitect utilize to communicate through their work on spaces,where people experience their lives through their daily routines. Artists and architect express their vision and intent by creatingmemorable, intimate interactions between an individual and thespace. We shape that experience to leave a lasting impression. The analysis has been made based upon the works of several artistsand architect with uniquely different perspectives and approach. The ultimate purpose of this research is to help us understand therelationship between our life experience and the places in our lives.

장애인체육진흥 정책에 대한 전문가 인식분석

김권일 ( Kwon Il Kim ),박병도 ( Byung Do Park ),이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ) 한국특수체육학회 2007 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.15 No.2

빗물관리 ; 다양한 빗물이용기술을 적용한 유역의 물관리

김충일 ( Chung Il Kim ),문형준 ( Hyoung Jun Moon ),한무영 ( Moo Young Han ) 한국물환경학회 2008 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

자궁내막암 환자에서 혈청 CA 125 의 예후인자로서의 가치

김세광(Sei Kwang Kim),정재은(Jae Eun Chung),김재욱(Jae Wook Kim),김영태(Young Tae Kim),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),노성일(Sung Il Roh),조정현(Jung Hyun Cho) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.10

N/A Objective : The prognostic value of serum CA 125 sampled before the staging operation and the right CA 125 cut-off level in endometrial cancer was evaluated. Methods : Medical charts of 119 endometrial cancer patients diagnosed and surgically treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine from March 1995 to March 2001 were reviewed. The prognostic value of CA 125 was evaluated by comparing it to other established prognostic factors of endometrial cancer such as myometrial invasion, cervix extension, tumor size, and grossly invasive disease. Enzyme immunoassay (Elecsys 2010; Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) was used for the measurement of serum CA 125. Results : The level of presurgically taken serum CA 125 level correlated well with the established prognostic factors of endometrial cancer. CA 125 was one of the information that could be obtained prior to the surgical staging for predicting extensive endometrial cancer, and it could be correlated with the 5 year survival. CA 125≥20 U/ml had a higher sensitivity and lower false negative rate in predicting extensive endometrial cancer compared to the conventionally used level of CA 125≥35 U/ml. Conclusion : CA 125 has a prognostic value in predicting the extensive endometrial cancer needing lymphadenectomy, therefore it might be included in the baseline study of endometrial cancer for predicting the prognosis and individualizing the treatment modality. CA 125≥20 U/ml might be considered as the cut-off level in endometrial cancer for a better sensitivity and false negative rate.

혼합필터링(Hybrid Filtering)을 활용한 교과목 추천시스템 개발

김충일 ( Chung Il Kim ),최남규 ( Nam Gyu Choi ),허유진 ( Yu Jin Heo ),신지훈 ( Ji Hoon Sin ),윤장혁 ( Jang Hyeok Yoon ) (주)엘지씨엔에스(구 LGCNS 엔트루정보기술연구소) 2015 Entrue Journal of Information Technology Vol.14 No.2

대학교양과목은 대학생활의 전반적인 만족도에 지대한 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 학생들의 인격함양 및 융합지식 습득의 기반이 되므로 그 중요성이 점점 부각되고 있다. 이렇듯 적절한 교양과목 수강이 중요해지고 있음에도 불구하고, 학생들의 선호를 정확히 반영하는 교양과목 추천시스템에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문은 학생들에게 일반교양과목을 추천해 주는 추천시스템을 제안한다. 협업필터링은 유사한 사용자가 좋게 평가하였지만 목표고객이 아직 경험하지 않은 아이템을 추천해 주는 대표적인 방식이다. 하지만 협업필터링은 Cold Start Problem을 가지기 때문에 1, 2학년과 같은 초기 사용자들에게는 적용이 어려울 수 있다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 수강내역을 이용한 협업필터링과 학생의 정보특성을 이용한 내용기반필터링을 혼합하였다. 본 논문은 제안된 방법에 대한 실용성을 성능분석을 통해 검증하였으며, 제안된 방법은 개개인의 요구에 맞춘 과목추천에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Liberal arts in universities are becoming important, because they act as the basis for undergraduates` character building and convergent knowledge acquisition as well as significantly affect the overall satisfaction during university life. Despite the importance of taking proper liberal arts, little attention has paid to the methods to recommend liberal arts that fit with students` preferences. Therefore, this paper suggests a recommender system-based approach to recommend elective courses of liberal arts to students. Collaborative filtering is a well-known method to recommend items that similar users have rated highly but not yet rated by a target user. However, collaborative filtering has the cold start problem, so it may not work well for some undergraduates, such as first and second year students. Therefore, this study combines collaborative filtering using course registration information and contents-based filtering using students`` property information. We verify the practicality of our approach using performance measures. We expect that the proposed method contributes to the course recommendation customized to individual preferences.