매물도${\cdot}$소매물도${\cdot}$어유도의 식생

김인택,이지훈,진영규,Kim, In-Taek,Lee, Ji-Hoon,Jin, Young-Gyu 한국생태학회 2000 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.23 No.3

본 조사지역은 경상남도 통영시 한산면 매죽리에 위치하고 있는 섬으로 매물도, 소매물도, 어유도로 구성된다. 본 조사는 1996년 9월부터 1997년 8월까지 수회에 걸쳐 식생을 조사하여 현존식생도와 군락조성표를 작성하였다. 본 조사지역의 식생은 동백나무군락(전형하위군락, 후박나무하위군락, 메밀잣밤나무하위군락, 쥐똥나무하위군락, 소사나무하위군락, 부처손하위군락, 곰솔하위군락), 곰솔군락, 사방오리식재림, 억새군락 등 1개의 식재림을 포함한 총 4개군락과 7개 하위군락으로 구분되었다. 본 조사지역인 어유도 북서사면의 동백나무군락, 동서사면의 부처손군락, 매물도의 정상부와 해안암벽부분, 소매물도의 해안암벽부분은 식생 이 가장 잘 보존되어 있다. 어유도의 정상부와 소매물도의 정상부는 염소의 방목으로 인한 답압형의 식생이 분포하고, 소매물도의 마을 뒷편의 능선부는 산화로 인해 식생이 많이 파괴된 것을 제외하고는 대체로 보존이 양호한 편이다. The vegetation of Maemul, Somaemul and Eoyu islets in Tongyeong-si was investigated from September, 1996 through August, 1997. In order to analyze the vegetation of this islets, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The predominant species of the islets was Camellia japonica. and the vegetation in this study area was classfied into 4 communties (included 1 afforestation) and 7 subcommunities 1 . Camellia japonica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Machilus thunbergii subcommunity 3) Castanopsis cuspidata var, thunbergii subcommunity 4) Ligustrum obtusifolium subcommunity 5) Carpinus coreana subcommunity 6) Selaginella tamariscina subcommunity 7) Pinus thunbergii subcommunity 2. Pinus thunbergii community 3. Alnus firma afforestation 4. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community.

ESCO Issue - 녹색건축물과 에너지효율향상정책

김인택,Kim, In-Taek 에너지절약전문기업협회 2013 esco Vol.83 No.-

한산도와 추봉도의 식생

김인택,이지훈,진영규,Kim, In-Taek,Lee, Ji-Hoon,Jin, Young-Gyu 한국생태학회 2000 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.23 No.5

본 조사는 1997년 4월부터 1998년 12월까지 경상남도 통영시 한산면의 한산도와 추봉도를 중심으로 이루어졌으며 식생분석을 위해 군락조성표를 작성하였다. 본 조사지역의 식생은 곰솔군락(전형하위군락, 굴참나무하위군락, 소사나무하위군락), 소나무군락, 후박나무군락, 편백식재림, 삼나무식재림, 억새군락 등 총 6개 군락과 3개 하위군락으로 구분되었다. 본 조사지역인 한산도 제승당 주변의 소나무군락은 식생이 가장 잘 보존되어 있는 지역이지만 도서 전체에 대한 광범위한 생태학적 측면에서의 복원이 필요하며 고란초와 같은 희귀식물, 후박나무와 곰솔 등의 노거수, 후박나무, 동백나무 분포지 등은 보호되어야 한다. The vegetations of Hansan and Chubong islets in Tongyoungsi were investigated from April, 1997 to December, 1998 and a synthesis table was constructed. Based on the synthesis table, the vegetation was classfied into 6 communties: Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Machilus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa afforestation, Cryptomeria japonica afforestation, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community, and 3 subcommunities: Pinus thunbergii typical subcommunity, Quercus variabilis subcommunity, Carpinus coreana subcommunity. The vegetation of Pinus densiflora community around Jeseungdang area is well preserved. However the islet requirs the ecological restoration, and we suggest that the rare species such a Crypsinus hastatus, old trees of Machilus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii, and the habitat for Machilus thunbergii and Camellia japonica must be preserved.

군사용 비밀 영상 전송을 위한 이단계 정보은닉 기법

김인택,김재철,이용균,Kim, In-Taek,Kim, Jae-Cheol,Lee, Yong-Kyun 한국군사과학기술학회 2011 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study is to design and implement a 2-level secret information transmission system which can be used for information hiding of images transmitted over various IT communication media. To increase the robustness of the hiding power, we combined the steganography method which inserts secret object into cover object to hide the very fact of information hiding itself, and the preprocessing stage to encrypt the secret object before the stego-insertion stage. As a result, even when the stego-image is broken by an attacker, the secret image is protected by encryption. We implemented the 2-level image insertion and extraction algorithm by using C++ programming language. Experiment shows that the PSNR values of stego-images of ours exceed 30.00db which is the threshold of human recognition. The methodology of this study can be applied broadly to the information hiding and protection of the military secret images.

21세기 새로운 지평을 열어 가는 '환태평양권 핵심역량대학' 부산대학교

김인택,Kim, In-Taek 한국대학교육협의회 2001 大學敎育 Vol.114 No.-

19세기 서양인의 한국어 문자와 음운 현상에 대한 기술

김인택(Kim, In-Taek) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2013 코기토 Vol.- No.73

19세기는 한국어 문법 연구의 태동기이다. 훈민정음 창제 이후 실학학풍이 배경이 되었던 18세기까지는 훈민정음에 대한 연구가 주종을 이루었다. 한국어 전반에 대한 체계적인 기술은 19세기에 들어서 서양인에 의해 비로소 시작되었다. 본 연구는 19세기 초ㆍ중엽 한국어 연구서에 기술된 한국어 문자와 음운 현상에 대해 분석ㆍ해설하는 데 목적이 있다. 15세기 훈민정음창제 이후 한국어에 대한 연구는 대부분이 훈민정음과 관련이 있다. 훈민정음과 발음에 대한 연구가 19세기 서양인의 연구서에 어떻게 반영되고 계승되었는가를 확인하는 것과 서양인의 관점으로 한국어 문자와 그 음가를 어떻게 해석하였는가를 고찰하는 것이 이 연구의 중심 내용이다. 문자와 관련된 것은 자모의 배열 순서와 음가에 대한 것이다. 문자배열은 최세진의 배열 방법에 준하였다. 동일한 글자에 두 가지 발음이 존재하는 것을 밝혀내었다. 이는 한국어에 변이음이 존재한다는 사실을 확인한 언어학적 수확이다. 발음과 관련된 것은 활음조 현상을 관찰하여 세세하게 기술하였다는 것이다. 유성음화, 자음동화, 구개음화, 두음법칙, 말음규칙 등과 같은 음운 현상을 관찰ㆍ기술하여 한국어 발음을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였다. 19세기 서양인이 한국어에서 이러한 현상들을 발견할 수 있었던 것은 그들이 서양어 화자라는 것과 당시 역사비교언어학이라는 서양 언어학의 경향이 배경이 되었기 때문이다. In the history of Korean linguistics, the nineteenth century showed the inception of the research method of the grammatical description. From the invention of Hunminjeongeum up to the eighteenth century (in which the backdrop for Silhak, realist school of confucianism, was formed), Korean linguistics was characterized by the research on Hunminjeongeum itself. The systematic description of the Korean language first began in the nineteenth century, particularly, by some Westerners. Given the situation, this research aims to provide an analysis and explication with regard to Korean graphemics and phonology, particularly, focusing on the theoretical description available in the Korean linguistic literature in the early and mid-nineteenth century. As most of the post-promulgation studies on the Korean language were concerned with Hunminjeongeum, this paper centers around the questions of (a) how the previous academic insight into Hunminjeongeum’s script and pronunciation systems was reflected and handed down in the academic works by the Westerners in the nineteenth century and (b) how the system of Hangeul and its respective phonetic values were interpreted by those Westerners from their perspective. In the respect of Korean graphemics, the main attention is paid to the sequential order of the consonant and vowel letters in Hangeul as well as to the phonetic values of the respective letters. The sequential arrangement of the letters refers to that of Se-Jin Choi in Hunmongjahoe (1527). One noteworthy finding is that some single identical letter was observed to have two different pronunciations, which was, then, a linguistically fruitful discovery confirming the existence of the allophone in Korean. On the other hand, what drew attention in terms of the pronunciation is that the phonological phenomenon of euphony was highlighted and specified. In the linguistic description, phonologically distinctive phenomena―such as voicing, consonant assimilation, palatalization, initial liquid avoidance, and the final consonant rule―were taken into account and well elaborated in order to increase the general understanding of the Korean pronunciation. For the nineteenth-century Westerners, it was possible to spot those particular phenomena in Korean owing to the fact that they, as speakers of European languages, had the background knowledge of historical comparative linguistics, the main methodological trend of those times.

한국 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima)림의 분포와 군집구조 분석

김인택(In-Taek Kim),송민섭(Min-Sub Song),정승훈(Sung-Hun Jung) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라에 분포하고 있는 상수리나무림을 대상으로 식물사회학적 조사를 통하여 상수리나무림의 군집을 분류하고 각 군집간의 상관관계, 잠재자연식생, 입지에 따른 상수리나무의 분포 양상 등을 분석하여 한국 상수리나무림의 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 1. 한국 상수리나무림의 군집구분은 1군단, 3군집, 3아군집, 3전형아군집으로 유형화되었다. Ⅰ. 상수리나무군단(Quercion acutissimae) A. 상수리나무-졸참나무군집(Quercetum serrato-acutissimae ass. nov.) A-1. 갈참나무아군집(Quercetum serrato-acutissimae quercetosum subass. nov.) A-2. 전형아군집(Quercetum serrato-acutissimae typicum subass. nov.) B. 상수리나무-신갈나무군집(Quercetum mongolicoacutissimae asso. nov.) B-1. 갈참나무아군집(Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae quercetosum subass. nov.) B-2. 전형아군집(Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae typicum subass. nov.) C. 상수리나무-서어나무군집(Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae asso. nov.) C-1. 갈참나무아군집(Carpino-Quercetum quercetosum subass. nov.) C-2. 전형아군집(Carpino-Quercetum typicum subass. nov.) 2. DECORANA에 의한 요인분석 결과 상수리나무-졸참나무군집은 저지대 산지, 상수리나무-신갈나무군집은 상대적으로 해발이 높은 지역의 산지대, 상수리나무-서어나무군집은 주로 계곡부에 형성되어 있음을 입증하고 있다. 그러나 각 군집들이 서로 혼재되어 있는 경우가 많아 그다지 명료하게 나타나지는 않았다. 이러한 결과는 상수리나무림의 대부분이 저지대 및 농경지 주변의 교란요인이 심한 지역에 분포하고 있기 때문으로 사료된다. 3. 상수리나무림의 잠재자연식생을 추정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Quercetum serrato-acutissimae asso. nov. → Quercus serrata-Quercus aliena Community → Quercus serrata Community 2) Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae ass. nov. → Quercus mongolica-Quercus aliena Community → Quercus mongolica Community 3) Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae asso. nov. → Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus aliena Community → Carpinus laxiflora Community. This study has targeted Quercus acutissima forests in Korea and has classified the association between Quercus acutissima forests by using the phytosociological method. In addition, the correlation between each association, distribution, potential natural vegetation, and aspect of Quercus acutissima forest according to location have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of the Korean Quercus acutissima forests. Through factor analysis of DECORANA, it was revealed that Quercetum serrato-acutissimae forms in the basal zones of mountains, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae is formed in the highlands, in the relatively high mountain area, and Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae is mainly distributed in valleys. However, this phenomenon is not very obvious, as each association structure is often mixed up. This result is caused by inhomogeneity of the Quercus acutissima forests, and most of it is distributed in basal zones or around farmlands where there are severe disturbance factors. The proposed potential natural vegetation of the Quercus acutissima forests in Korea is as follows; Quercetum serrato-acutissimae → Quercus aliena-Quercus serrata community → Quercus serrata community, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae → Quercus aliena-Quercus mongolica community → Quercus mongolica community, Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae → Quercus aliena-Carpinus laxiflora community → Carpinus laxiflora community.

한글맞춤법 통일에서의 주변부의 역할

김인택(Kim, In-Taek) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2017 코기토 Vol.- No.81

19세기, 외국인 선교사나 외교관들에 의해 한국어가 연구되고 한글로 기록된 수많은 글들이 생산되었지만 그 기록물들을 표기하는 통일된 철자법이 없었다. 이런 가운데 ‘파리외방전교회’의 선교사들은 선교에 절대적 당면 문제인 성경과 교리서 번역을 진행해야 했고 이를 위해 한국어를 이해하기 위한 연구를 착수해야만 했다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 성경과 교리서 번역을 한글로 표기하는 일정한 철자법을 확보한 것으로 추정된다. ‘한국천주교회’에서 발간한 성경번역서 등에 보이는 한글철자법은 일정한 규정에 따른 것으로 보이며 심지어 ‘성경식철자법’으로 명명되는 철자법의 한 유형으로 인정받으면서 한글철자법 통일에 기여한 바가 큰 것으로 파악된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 성경번역서에 적용된 철자법을 확인할 수 있는 기록은 찾아볼 수 없다. 다만 한국천주교회가 성경 번역 사업에 착수한 시기에 저술된 파리외방전교회의 신부인 Dallet(1874)와 Ridel(1877)의 한국어 문법서와 『한불자전』(1880) 등을 통해 그 철자법의 기본을 짐작할 수 있을 뿐이다. 이런 가운데 ‘한글 마춤법 통일안’(1933.10) 공표 이후 ‘한국천주교회’에서는 《VIRIBUS UNITIS》라는 정기 간행물을 발간하였는데 2호, 3호, 4호에 ‘한글 마춤법 통일안’과 관련하여 「한국 교회가 최근 받아들인 맞춤법에 관하여(De orthographia recenter recepta ab ecclesia coreana)」와 「한국어 맞춤법의 여러 실질적 개념들에 관하여(De quibusdam notionibus practicis ortographiae coreanae)」라는 글이 수록되어 있어 그 철자법의 기본 원칙을 알 수 있게 한다. 이 글들을 통해 ‘성경식철자법’은 언어적 측면에서 ‘15세기 훈민정음 초기 표기법’과 ‘음소글자로서의 한글의 특성’ 그리고 ‘교착어로서의 한국어 문법의 체계’를 기본으로 삼았으며 철자 규정의 대상 한국어는 ‘개화기 중류 사회에서 사용하는 서울말’인 것으로 확인할 수 있다. The nineteenth-century Korean society was characterized by its lack of unified spelling rules with which standards can be implemented in the documentation, even though foreign missionaries and diplomatic officials were busy taking up substantial research projects on the Korean language and generating a variety of Hangeul-aided written products. Amid such circumstances, missionaries of ‘Missions Etrangères de Paris’ were faced with the urgent challenge to get the Bible and Catechism translated into the local language-which was the ultimate task that was necessitated for the job of evangelism. Subsequently, they were left with no choice but to commence research on the Korean language for the better understanding thereof. With hindsight, it can be posited that the orthographically consistent spelling rules may have been first devised on the basis of such a kind of research, with which their Korean translations of the Bible were made available in a written form. It can be also argued that the then proposed Hangeul spelling rules must have made a great deal of contribution for the unification of the Korean orthography, especially, considering the facts that (1) the church version of the Hangeul spelling rules was equipped with a set of orthographically consistent norms, which were well applied to the biblical translations published by the Catholic Church in Korea and that (2) it was able to obtain positive recognition (e.g., its new title as ‘the Orthography for the Bible Translation’). Despite these facts, no recorded information on the then Korean spelling rules can be detected. Nonetheless, it is possible to speculate about the main backbones by referring to some reference books on the Korean grammar and lexicography (e.g., grammar books, Dictionnaire Coréen-Français, etc.), which were published by Dallet (1874) and Ridel (1877). In the meantime, it is worthwhile to mention that the Catholic Church in Korea started publishing its periodical entitled Viribus Unitis some time after the declaration of the Unified Edition of the Korean Orthography (Hangeul Machumbeop Tongilan) in December, 1933. In the periodical’s second, third, and fourth issues, some Korean-orthography-related articles were released with the titles ‘De orthographia recenter recepta ab ecclesia coreana (On the Recent Orthography Accepted by the Korean Church)’ and ‘De quibusdam notionibus practicis ortographiae coreanae(On the Practical Notions in the Korean Orthography)’. From an analysis of those articles, it can be ascertained that (1) the Catholic Church in Korea devised its official spelling rules for Bible translation by employing the three major linguistic properties (i.e., the fifteenth-century Hunminjeongeum’s orthography, Hangeul’s orthographic features as a phonemic writing system, and the grammar system of the Korean language as an agglutinative language) as the basic backbones and that (2) the Catholic Church selected as its object language the then contemporary Seoul dialect spoken by the middle-class Seoul residents in the period of modernization.

황반부종을 동반한 망막정맥폐쇄 환자에서 내경계막제거술의 임상적 효과

서원문,김인택,Won Moon Seo,M,D,In Taek Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

`Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy with indocyanine green-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) on visual acuity in macular edema in RVO patients. Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients were treated consecutively (male: female=7:16). Thirteen patients were BRVO, and ten patients were CRVO. Vitrectomy that involved peeling the ILM with the assistance of indocyanine dye was performed in all 23 eyes. A visual acuity change of 2 lines or more was regarded as significant. We compared preoperative BCVA and postoperative BCVA. Results: Improvement of visual acuity was observed in 13 eyes (8 eyes in BRVO, 5 eyes in CRVO) of 23 total eyes (56.5%). No change in visual acuity was observed in 5 eyes (3 eyes in BRVO, 2 eyes in CRVO). Worsening of visual acuity was observed in 5 eyes (2 eyes in BRVO, 3 eyes in CRVO). Conclusions: Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling in patients with macular edema induced by RVO showed visual improvement in 56.5% of the cases in our study (61.5% in BRVO, 50% in CRVO). PPV with ILM peeling may be an effective procedure in reducing macular edema due to RVO.`

한국인에 있어서 결절맥락막혈관병증의 역학과 임상소견

이지웅,김인택,Ji Woong Lee,In Taek Kim 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.1

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, demographic features and clinical characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Korean patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 413 patients (485 eyes) diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization in exudative age-related macular degeneration between June 2001 and September 2005. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Results: Among a total of 485 eyes of 413 patients, 80 eyes of 66 patients (16.5%) were diagnosed with PCV. Men were predominantly affected (80.3%), and most patients were elderly with a mean age of 68.3 years (range, 50~93 years) and unilaterally involved (78.8%). The polypoidal lesions in PCV tended to be located in the macula area (62.5%). With respect to vascular network, fine vascular networks were observed in 51 eyes (63.7%) and large lesions were present in 16 eyes (20.0%). Clusters of grape-like polypoidal lesions (60%) were more common than solitary aneurysmal dilations (35.0%). Branching choroidal vessels were present in 67 eyes (83.7%) and absent in 13 eyes (16.3%). Optical coherence tomographic images of polypoidal lesions in 53 eyes showed uneven surfaces with more sharply peaked shapes different from those seen in the serous pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration and central serous chorioretinopathy. Conclusions: The incidence of PCV in Korean patients was relatively high among various ethnic groups. Although the demographic and clinical features of PCV in Korea differed from Caucasian patients, they were similar to Japanese and Chinese patients.