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김익제 ( Ik Jei Kim ),권의석 ( Yeu Seok Kwon ),이성희 ( Seong Hee Lee ),이재웅 ( Jae Wung Lee ),허윤선 ( Yoon Sun Huh ),이기열 ( Ki Yeol Lee ),김태중 ( Tae Jung Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.1
We have conducted the research to find the solutions of poor fruit setting caused by abnormal low temperature during the blooming period of peach. Therefore this study was accomplished to supply the high vigor pollens using grafting with pollinizer cultivars for increase of the fruit setting rate. Seven cultivars for pollen supply were grafted on two-year-old ‘Kawanakajima Hakuto in March, 2013. In the pollen supplier cultivars, the 10% blooming stage and 40% blooming stage of ‘Cheonhong’ were earliest, but the 40% blooming stage and 80% blooming stage of ‘Yumyeong’ were latest. The number of flower was the highest in ‘Yumyeong’, and the weight of flower was the heaviest in ‘Cheonhong’. The average pollen number of flower was the highest in ‘Cheonhong’. In comparison with the overall flowering period, the pollen number of flower was the highest in 40% blooming stage. The pollen germination rate of 10% blooming stage was highest at 59.8 ± 7.21% in ‘Cheonhong’, that of 40% and 80% blooming stage were highest at 81.9± 5.60% and 69.3± 6.89% in ‘Yumyeong’ respectively. When the fruit setting rates were examined at room temperature, that was highest at 92.3% in the pollen supplier combination of ‘Cheonhong’ and ‘Yumyeong’ in contradistinction to the conventional artificial pollination. When the cold treatment was applied at .2oC for four hours, the fruit setting rate of combination of ‘Cheonhong’ and ‘Yumyeong’ was highest as well. Based on the findings of this study, pollinizer combination of ‘Cheonhong’ and ‘Yumyeong’ which have different flowering stages and high pollen vigor could increase the fruit setting rate at the abnormal low temperature, which was possible to replace the conventional artificial pollination and induce the stable fruit setting semipermanently.
연구논문 : 자연과학; 토양 내 에틸알콜 투입량에 따른 질소제어가 복숭아 당도에 미치는 영향
김익제 ( Ik Jei Kim ),권의석 ( Yeu Seok Kwon ),이성희 ( Sung Hee Lee ),이기열 ( Ki Yeol Lee ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구는 복숭아 품질의 핵심인 당도 향상을 위해 토양미생물의 영양원으로 에틸알콜을 투입하여 활성을 촉진시키고, 이들의 질소섭식 증가가 복숭아 수체로의 질소흡수를 제어하여 과중 감소 없이 당도를 향상시키는 최적의 에틸알콜 투입량을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 1. 토양 중 질산태질소의 함량은 에틸알콜 투입량 250ml에서는 12일, 500ml는 16일, 1,000ml는 24일 그리고 2,000ml는 29일간 적어 투입량이 증가할수록 질산태질소의 제어 기간이 길었다. 2. 엽 중 질소 함량은 무처리에 비해 첫 수확일인 9월 19일에는 에틸알콜 500 ml 이상 투입에서 적었고, 9월 25일과 10월 1일 수확에서는 1,000 ml 이상 투입에서 적었다. 3. 토양의 biomass C는 에틸알콜 투입 후 7일에서 26일 사이에 투입량 250 ml에서는 342 ~ 356 mg/kg, 500 ml는 431 ~ 453 mg/kg, 1,000 ml는 503~521 mg/kg일 그리고 2,000 ml는 610 ~ 625 mg/kg로 유지되어 무처리에 비하여 증가되었고, 투입량이 많아짐에 증가량이 많아졌다. 4. Dehydrogenase 활성은 에틸알콜 250 ml 투입에서는 9월 14일, 500 ml 투입은 9월 21일, 1,000 ml 투입은 9월 27일 이후 감소하는 경향이었으며, 2,000 ml 투입에서는 10월 3일까지 활성이 지속되었다. 5. 과중은 에틸알콜 2,000 ml 투입에서 9월 25일 이후 수확시 감소되었지만, 1,000 ml 투입에서는 모든 수확시기에서 과중 감소 없이 당도가 증가되었다. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum injection amount of ethyl alcohol as a carbon source which was intended to increase sugar content in fruit by controlling nitrogen. The tested variety was ``Changhowon Hwangdo`` which were 12-year-old trees. Twentyfold diluted solution 5 l, 10 l, 20 l, and 40 l of ethyl alcohol (95%) per a tree were injected into rooting zone at Eumseong county in 2012. We supplied ethyl alcohol at Aug. 7 when it was 12 days before first harvest. Nitrate content of soil severly got lower than control after injecting ethyl alcohol in about 3 days. Lower nitrate contents of soil lasted for 12 to 29 days as affected by injection amounts of ethyl alcohol. Nitrogen content of leaves was seen to have a same tendency to the nitrate content of soil. Biomass C contents and dehydrogenase activities were increased by increasing of injection amounts of ethyl alcohol. Fruit weight was reduced at twenty fold diluted solution 40 l of ethyl alcohol (95%), while sugar content was increased at twenty fold diluted solution 20 l of ethyl alcohol (95%). In conclusion, it was possible that twenty fold diluted solution 20 l of ethyl alcohol (95%) at 12 days before first harvest improved the cultural method to maintain fruit weight as well as to increase sugar content.
김영상(Young-Sang Kim),강효중(Hyo-Jung Kang),김태일(Tae-Il Kim),정택구(Taek-Gu Jeong),한종우(Jong-Woo Han),김익제(Ik-Jei Kim),남상영(Sang-Young Nam),김기인(Ki-In Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2015 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.24 No.3
시설재배지에서 수용성 규산칼륨 처리가 수박의 생육, 수량, 양분흡수 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수용성 규산칼륨을 무처리, 1.63mM, 3.25mM, 6.50mM의 4수준을 두어 토양관주 처리하였으며, 처리시기는 착과전 2회와 착과후 4회로 총 6회를 7일 간격으로 처리하였다. 시험후 토양화학성은 수용성 규산처리에 따라 pH, EC 유효인산, 치환성 K, Ca, Mg, NO₃-N은 증가하였으며, 유기물 함량은 대조구와 비슷하였다. 수확기 수박 생육 특성 중 경경, 생중 및 건물중은 수용성규산칼륨 처리에서 두껍고 무거웠으며, 만장과 절수는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 수박 수확기 잎에 함유되어 있는 무기성분 함량은 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높아짐에 따라 N은 감소하고 P와 K는 증가하였으나 Ca과 Mg는 차이가 없었다. 생육단계별 엽록소함량은 착과 전에는 수용성 규산칼륨처리에 따른 차이가 없었으나 착과후 및 수확기로 갈수록 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높아짐에 따라 엽색도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 흰가루병 발생정도는 대조구에 비하여 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높을수록 발생정도가 낮았다. 수박의 과중은 수용성 규산칼륨 처리에 의해 0.1~0.5㎏/개 무거워졌으며, 당도는 0.5~0.6 °Brix 정도 높아졌고, 상품수량은 대조구에 비하여 2~4% 증수되었다. 이상의 결과 시설수박 재배지에 수용성 규산칼륨 처리는 양분흡수 증가, 수박 상품수량증가 및 흰가루병 발생 억제로 시설 수박재배에 친환경적인 방법으로 안정생산에 활용할 수 있으리라 본다. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soluble potassium silicate by soil drenching application on watermelon growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. The potassium silicate rates were control (No potassium silicate), 1.63mM, 3.25mM, 6.50mM. The potassium silicate were treated 6 times (twice before fruit forming and 4 times after fruit forming per 7 day. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphorus and silicate, exchangeable K, nitrate-N levels were increased after potassium silicate treatment, while the concentrations of soil organic matter, exchangeable Ca and Mg were similar to control. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for increased potassium silicate treatment than the control, while number of node, and plant length were same for all treatments. With increased potassium silicate treatment, nutrient concentrations, such as P and K in the watermelon leaf at harvest were increased, N concentration in the leaf was decreased, and Ca and Mg concentrations in the leaf were same. Chlorophyll content was increased with increased potassium silicate application. The occurrence of powdery mildew was lower for the potassium silicate treatments than the control. Fresh watermelon weight for the potassium silicate treatments was 0.1 to 0.5㎏ per watermelon heavier than the control, sugar content was 0.5 to 0.6°Brix higher than control, and merchantable watermelon was 2 to 4% increased compared to the control. These results suggest that potassium silicate application by soil drenching method in the greenhouse can improve watermelon nutrient uptake, merchantable watermelon and suppress the occurrence of powdery mildew.