소아에서의 백반증과 탈색모반 - 임상 및 DOPA 염색에 의한 비교연구 -

김유찬(You Chan Kim),김선훈(Seon Hoon Kim),박경찬(Kyoung Chan Park),이유신(Yoo Shin Lee) 대한피부과학회 1988 대한피부과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

We performed analysis of 79 childhood patients diagnosed as vitiligo and nevus depigmentosus in Tediatric Dermatologie Department of Seoul National University Hospital from March 1987 to September 1987. The results were as follows : 1. Of the 79 patients, 31 patients(39.2%) were vitiligo 21 patients(26.6% )were nevus depigmentosus and 27 patients(34.2%)were uncertain by cliniral diagnostic ctriteri.. 2. Viiligo began rarely in infancy(6.4% )and most appeared evenly in all childhood over 1 year old. Nevus clepigmentosus was present at birth in 57.1% of patients and was discovered within the first 6 months after birth in 42.9% of patients. 3. In vitiligo, most lesions were multiple. The most common site of involvement was the face, and there was this tendency of periorficial predisposition. In nevus ciepigmentosus, most lesions were solitary. The most, common aites of involvement were the lowed limbs and trunk, but there was no tendency of periorfcial presposition. 4. We found focal type of vitiligo in,51,6% of patients, vulgaris type in 32. 3 % acrofacial type in 9.6% and segmerital type in 6.5%. We also found isolated pattern of nevus clepigrnento us in 76.2% of patients, ciermatomal p<:ttern in 19.0ki and whorlec1 pattern in 4.8% The contrast enhiancement between the hypopigmented skin and nomal surrounding skin by Wood's light, examinatior reflected the epiclermal melanin pig merit, i. e., the more marked loss of pigmentation, the more accentuatian of the contrast The before, Wood's light examination without I:3OPA staining could help to ciiagnose the atisculte type of vitiligo showing eidermal melanocytes and nevu c.Iepigmeritosus.

내부회계관리자 교체와 신임 경영자의 이익조정

김유찬(Kim, Yoo-Chan),이상민(Lee, Sang-Min),김태형(Kim, Tae-Hyung) 대한경영학회 2012 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

발열성 궤양괴사형 급성 두창양 태선양 비강진

김유찬(You Chan Kim),김선훈(Seon Hoon Kim),박경찬(Kyoung Chan Park),이유신(Yoo Shin Lee) 대한피부과학회 1988 대한피부과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Febrile ulceronecrotic PLEVA is an unusually severe from of PLEVA, characterized by the sudden onset of diffuse ulceronecrotic eruption aasociated with high fever. A mild eruption precede the acute fulminating course, We observed a 13-year-old boy presenting the form of febrile ulceronecrotic PLEVA. The histologic features were those of PLEVA. He received the systemic corticosteroids with aupportive care. To recognize this disorder is important because of a possibly fatal outcome, So close attention and vigorous therapy are necessary.

재량적 발생액과 불성실공시의 실증적 관계

김유찬 ( Yoo Chan Kim ),황국재 ( Kook Jae Hwang ),이선용 ( Seon Yong Lee ) 한국회계학회 2010 회계저널 Vol.19 No.1

이사회의 특성이 연구개발투자 의사결정에 미치는 효과

김유찬(Yoo Chan Kim)/황국재(Kookjae Hwang)/정무관(Mu Goan Jeong) 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2009 인사조직연구 Vol.17 No.1

연구개발투자는 기업성장의 원천임에도 불구하고, 경영자는 이를 회피하려는 유인을 가진다. 이러한 점을 활용하여, 여러 선행연구에서는 연구개발비를 대리인 비용의 척도로 활용해 왔다. 본 연구는 이사회의 특성이 경영자의 연구개발투자 의사결정에 미치는 효과를 분석했다. 우선 이사회의 특성을 체계적으로 분석할 수 있는 논리적 틀을 제안하고, 이를 바탕으로 이사회 관련변수를 구축했다. 특히, 다수의 선행연구에서 이사회 독립성의 대용치로 사용해온 사외이사비율의 측정방법에 문제가 있을 수 있음을 강조하고, 전통적 사외이사비율로부터 “관계이사”를 구분할 것을 제안했다. 2003년부터 2005년까지 한국증권거래소에 상장된 제조기업 955개의 표본을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 이사회 내의 “독립된 사외이사비율”, 이사회 내의 “위원회 수”가 증가할수록 연구개발투자는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 이사회 내의“사내이사비율”, 이사회 내의 “관계이사비율”, 임원경력을 가진 “독립된 사외이사비율”, 이사회 내의 “고령임원의 비율”이 증가할수록, 연구개발투자는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이사회의 리더십 구조의 경우, 연구개발투자와 통계적인 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 증권거래법 제191조 16에서는 이사회의 설계와 관련된 의무규정을 명시하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 관련법규의 영향을 분석결과에 반영하고자 추가분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과, 사외이사의 구성에 있어서는 의무규정의 영향력이 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 위원회의 설치와 관련해서는 의무규정의 영향력이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 관계이사 분리의 타당성을 검정하기위해, 전통적 방식으로 측정한 사외이사비율 변수를 포함하는 모형과 본 연구에서 제안한 “독립된 사외이사비율”변수를 포함하는 모형의 설명력을 비교․평가했다. 분석결과, 전통적 사외이사비율로부터 “관계이사”를 분리하여 측정하는 것이 보다 바람직하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 전문경영자 집단과 소유경영자 집단의 구분에 기초한 추가분석이 수행되었다. 분석결과, 이사회의 특성과 연구개발투자와의 관계는 소유경영자 집단 보다는 전문경영자 집단에서 보다 명확하게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. The investment for research and development is not only the driving force of firm growth but also the source of competitive advantage. However, the managers have incentives to reduce R&D expenditure because the success of R&D investment is uncertain and the benefits of R&D investment will be taken in the long term. According to agency theory, as the investment opportunities of stockholders are well-diversified, risk-neutral stockholders prefer R&D investment toward high returns whereas managers whose human resources are dependent on their companies are reluctant to invest the resources to R&D. Managers make decisions to invest only in case benefits are greater than costs, that is, comparing personal benefits from R&D investment to personal costs. However, in general, R&D investment has negative impacts on short-term oriented accounting profits, so managers who are evaluated largely by accounting profits can be likely to avoid the unfavorable rewards in current period. That’s why managers are least likely to invest the resources to R&D, for fear that they will be evaluated negatively at their job market. In this context, several prior researches have used R&D expenditure as the measure of agency costs, and paid a lot of attentions to find the ways to bring about optimal level of R&D investment through the reduction of agency costs.12)37 The internal control systems to reduce agency costs can be divided into two categories:monitoring and incentive contracts(including the issues of ownership structure). The representative means to monitor managers is the board of directors, and this paper has a purpose of finding out how the board attributes can have an impact on R&D investment, focusing on the monitoring mechanism of the board of directors. Based on the literature review of Zahra & Pearce(1989), this paper suggested the framework for empirical tests to analyze the board attributes systematically, and built the variables related to board attributes. As a result, the board attributes were classified into four categories:board compositions, board characteristics, board structures, and decision-making processes. For the empirical analysis, except for the decision-making processes, five variables were selected in the areas of board compositions, board characteristics, and board structures. The board compositions include the authentically independent outside directors’ ratio, the grey directors’ ratio, and the inside directors’ ratio. The board characteristics also include the ratio of outsiders with former executive careers, and the ratio of directors over retirement age. The number of board committees and the leadership structure are considered as the indicators of the board structures. The empirical results of this study were as followed. The authentically independent outside directors’ ratio had a significant positive effect on R&D expenditure statistically. This result interpreted that the assurance of the board of directors’ independence made it possible to monitor the mangers’ decision-making for R&D investment effectively and efficiently, and then R&D expenditure increased. The grey directors’ ratio had a significant negative effect on R&D expenditure statistically.It was regarded that the grey directors were unable to monitor managers effectively and efficiently due to the absence of substantial independence though they were classified into outside directors seemingly. The inside directors’ ratio had a significant negative effect on R&D expenditure statistically, which meant that the inside directors were not effective and efficient in monitoring roles. The ratio of outsiders with former executive careers showed a significant negative effect on R&D expenditure statistically. As discussed in the social network theory, it seemed that social networking process among the directors made directors’ monitoring roles ineffective and inefficient though the directors were outsiders. This evidence shoul

경영자 지분과 이사회 특성이 회계정보의 보수성에 미치는 효과

김유찬 ( Yoo Chan Kim ),황국재 ( Kook Jae Hwang ) 한국회계학회 2008 회계저널 Vol.17 No.4

KOSPI 200 지수 편입이 재량적 발생액에 미치는 효과

김유찬 ( Yoo Chan Kim ),최순재 ( Soon Jae Choi ),김영길 ( Young Gil Kim ) 한국회계학회 2010 회계저널 Vol.19 No.5

기업지배구조가 실물활동에 기반을 둔 이익조정에 미치는 효과

김유찬(Yoo Chan Kim),강윤식(Yun Sik Kang) 한국경영학회 2011 經營學硏究 Vol.40 No.1

In the real world, it is hardly expected that complete contract is made because of the existence of contract costs. Thus, corporate governance has been regarded as one of major control mechanisms to affect manager`s decision-making significantly. Several prior studies related to earnings management have indicated that the higher level of corporate governance is, the lower degree of earnings management is. Obviously, it somewhat looks like straightforward. However, earnings management literatures recently suggest that mangers are shifting earnings management strategy from accrual basis to real activity basis. After the accounting reforms, it is said that change in earnings management strategy tends to be fast. It may be attributable to the reinforcement of internal control over financial reporting because strengthened internal control system can easily detect accrual-type earnings management. In addition, real activity-based earnings management has far more important meanings than accrual-based earnings management because real activity-based earnings management can induce different sorts of consequences in contrast to accrual-based earnings management. For example, real activity-based earnings management significantly affects the future cash flows of the company. On the other hand, accrual-based earnings management does not affect cash flows themselves but adjust simply the timing of recognizing revenues or expenses. Therefore, it is important to focus on the strategic changes in earnings management in that real activity-based earnings management has great impacts on the long-term prospects of the company. If so, it indeed implies that we need additional evidences on the real activity-based earnings management in order to understand the earnings management practices. In this context, this study examined empirically that how much the level of corporate governance has an effect on the real activity-based earnings management by using the evaluation score from Korean Corporate Governance Services. As a result, we could find that the degree of earnings management through real activities(such as abnormal operating cash flows, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary expenses) decreased as the level of corporate governance increased. It represents that corporate governance can play an important role in controlling managers` opportunistic behaviors on real manipulation. Additional test based on the scores of corporate governance subindices showed that they were negatively associated with real activity-based earnings management as a whole. In short, real activity-based earnings management is quite different from accrual-based earnings management in that it has direct cash flow consequences. That is, in a long-term perspective, real activity-based earnings management has unique characteristics compared to those of accrual-based manipulations. The empirical results of this paper that the level of soundness of corporate governance is strongly related to the degree of real activity-based earnings management can be an evidence to complement the existing literature on earnings management.

내부 장기암의 피부 전이 - 임상 및 병리조직학적 고찰 -

김유찬(You Chan Kim),조광현(Kwang Hyun Cho),이유신(Yoo Shin Lee),함의근(Eui Keun Ham) 대한피부과학회 1987 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

We reviewed clinical records and histologic materials of 96 cases of metastatic skin cancer in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1973 to July 1986. The metastatic skin cancers of male were twice as many as that of female and they occurred most frequently in male at their fifties, female, forties. The most frequent primary cancers in men were carcinoma of the stomach, lung, colorectum and pancreas; in women, carcinoma of the breast, stomach, lung and uterine cervix. Cutaneous metastases from the carcinomas of the liver, uterine cervix and stomach which were many in Korea were smaller in number than that from the carcinomas of the lung and breast. Metastatic lesions were recognized before the primary tumor relatively often in carcinoma of the lung, pancreas and rarely in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stomach. Though localizations of cutaneous metasta.sis were widespread over all body surfaces, regional areas of primary tumor were predisposed to metastasis. Metastatic carcinoma usually produced nonspecific nodules in the skin. Less commonly, some lesions of metastasis showed inflammatory or sclerotic plaque. The histologic findinga of cutaneous metastases generally mimicked that of primary tumors; nevertheless, in most instances, it was not possible to recognize the original tumor from a histologic examination of metastatic skin cancer and it was possible to classify the metastatic carcinoma only as an adenocarcinoma, a squamous cell carcinoma or an undifferntiated carcinoma.

법인세율 인하로 야기된 세수감소가 자본시장 이자율과 한계유효세율에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구

김유찬(Kim, Yu-Chan),유도원(Yoo, Do-Won) 한국조세연구포럼 2012 조세연구 Vol.12 No.3

Gale/Orszag(2005)의 모형을 통하여 유효한계세율을 추정하였다. 법인세율인하는 세수감소와 정부부채증가를 야기하여 자본시장이자율을 올리고 이는 한계유효세율의 증가로 나타난다는 점은 Jorgenson/Hall(1967), King/Fullerton(1984)의 연구 이후 이들의 모형을 사용하여 이루어진 많은 국내의 연구에서 간과한 내용이다. 1991-2010년의 기간에서 유효한계세율은 0.414에서 1.274 사이에서 변화하였다. 외환위기를 전후한 유효한계세율을 시계열적으로 보면 2007년 까지 조금씩 낮아지다가 2008년 경제위기가 높아지면서 매우 높이 치솟았고 그 이후 다시 그 이전과 같은 낮은 수준을 회복하였다. 여러 가지 요소 중에서 법인세율의 인상은 유효한계세율을 증가하는 방향으로, 그리고 시장이자율의 인상도 유효한계세율을 인상시키는 방향으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. Gale/Orszag(2005)의 연구에서와 같이 1%의 정부부채증가는 0.4%p의 시장이자율 증가효과를 가진다고 보고 유효한계세율을 계산해보면 기존의 유효한계세율보다 전반적으로 약간 더 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 이 새로운 유효한계세율과 기존의 유호한계세율 그리고 법정법인세율 중 투자액이나 투자/GDP를 가장 잘 설명할 수 있는 변수는 실증분석에서 법인세율인 것으로 판단되었다. 두 가지 중에서는 정부부채수준을 감안한 이자율로 계산한 새로운 유효한계세율이 약간 더 설득력을 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. In this Study we tried to estimate the effective marginal tax rate of Korea for the year 1991-2010 by way of Gale / Orszag (2005) model. All of Korean studies of estimating the effective marginal tax rate since Studies of Jorgenson / Hall (1967) and King / Fullerton (1984) overlooked the effective marginal tax rate increasing effect of the corporate tax rate decline. Gale/Orszag (2005) found out the corporate tax rate decline reduces tax revenues and increase government debt. Consequently it must have a (increasing) effect in capital market interest level and in this way it increases the effective marginal tax rate. Results of our simulation shows from 1991 to 2010 the change in the effective marginal tax rate from 0.414 to 1.274. From the several factors the corporate tax rate proved to have a increasing effect on the effective marginal tax rate and capital market interest also has a effect of a same direction. On the same Assumption as Study of Gale / and Orszag (2005) that a 1% increase in government debt has a effect of 0.4%p increases in capital market interest rate, we found out the effective marginal tax rate is slightly higher overall than the effective marginal tax rate of the previous way. From the empirical studies with three Kinds of tax rates (the new effective marginal tax rate, the effective marginal tax rates of previous way, and the statutory corporate tax rate), investment / GDP variable can be best described by the statutory corporate tax rate. From two different effective marginal tax rate, the new one has a little better explaining ability.