방사선이 흰쥐 갑상샘 소포곁세포에 미치는 영향에 대한 미세구조적 연구

김용식,양남길,안의태,고정식,박경호,김진국,Kim, Young-Sik,Yang, Nam-Gil,Ahn, E-Tay,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Park, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Jin-Gook 한국현미경학회 1992 Applied microscopy Vol.22 No.2

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the parafollicular cells of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The head and neck region of the rat, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, was exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80 cm, and the dose rate was 200 rads/min. The rate of experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd and 6th day after X-ray irradiation. Pieces of the tissue taken from the thyroid gland were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and in 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. Two types of the parafollicular cells, according to their electron densities, were found, i. e., light cells and dark cells. 2. Three types of the parafollicular cells, according to their sizes of secretory granules were found, i.e., small granule cells ($85nm{\pm}20.1;64{\sim}102nm$), medium granule cells ($120nm{\pm}26.5;77{\sim}179nm$), and large granule cells ($165nm{\pm}25.7;128{\sim}189nm$). 3. The differential ultrastructural changes of the cells according to their cell types, i.e., dark and light cell, or small, medium and large granule cells, were hardly observed in the time and dose range covered by this study. 4. The morphological changes of the parafollicular cells were not pronounced after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray. 5. Swollen cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and partial cytolysis were observed after exposure to 6,000 rads of X-ray. 6. Above results suggest that the parafollicular cells showed the alterations of mitochondrial and granular endoplasmic reticular swelling, and partial cytolysis, but only in doses of 6,000 rads.

쇠고기와 닭고기의 배합비에 따른 $Consomm{\acute{e}}$의 이화학적 특성

김용식,장명숙,Kim, Young-Sik,Jang, Myung-Sook 동아시아식생활학회 2006 東아시아食生活學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

The application of Consomm prepared with different ingredients of ground beef and ground chicken ingredients to improve the taste preferences and reduce saving the food cost of Consomm was attempted by reviewing fundamental data and its examining the effect on the physicochemical characteristics of treatment. These treatments were prepared with the following different ratios (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9 ; w/w) of ground beef to and ground chicken: 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9, w/w, respectively. Gelatin contents were increased significantly with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The free sugars identified from Consomm were, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Free sugar contents, increased significantly by with increasing the mixed ratio of ground beef. (Ed- what are the highlighted treatments? You need to explain in this abstract otherwise the reader doesn't know. For simplicity I suggest you don't use such nomenclaturehere in the abstract and simplify with merely the weight ratios. Confirm the changes that I've made) The highest and lowest free sugars werewas shown at A9:1 and 1:9 treatments, respectively whereas the lowest value was shown at I treatment. As many as 20 different kinds of free amino acids were detected infrom the Consomm and the amount of total amino acids waswere increased with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The contents of arginine, glutamic acid and alanine contents were high in the free amino acids of Cconsomm prepared with different ingredients. The In the changes of mineral contents in the Consomm prepared with different ingredients, the mineral showed high contents increased according to in the following order of: K, Na, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn. From the The results of analysis results, in the Relatin contents, free sugars, free amino acids and mineral contents were all increased with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The 7:3 treatment showed From above results, it was showed that B treatment prepared with a ratio of 1 ground beef to 3 ground chicken was the bestmost preferred in physicochemical qualities.

Toluene의 생물학적 분해능 향상을 위한 계면활성제의 선정

김용식,손영규,김지형,송지현,Kim Yong-Sik,Son Young-Gyu,Khim Jee-Hyeong,Song Ji-Hyeon 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005 지하수토양환경 Vol.10 No.4

Surfactants can be used to enhance the mass transfer rate of hydrophobic compounds into the biologically active liquid phase, resulting in an increase in biodegradation rate of toluene. In this study, the mass transfer rate and the biocompatibility of toluene in the presence of various surfactants were evaluated. Four anionic and non ionic surfactants were tested: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS), TritonX-100, Tween 80, and BYK-345 (silicone surfactant). Experimental results showed that BYK-345 at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) enhanced the solubility of toluene. However, there was no increase in the solubility of toluene by SOS and TritonX-100 at their CMCs. With the addition of each surfactant into deionized water the mass transfer rate became faster than that of the case with no surfactant. A bottle study using toluene-degrading microorganisms showed that SOS seriously reduced toluene removal presumably due to the toxicity of the anionic surfactant and/or the substrate competition between the surfactant and toluene. In addition, the degradation rate of toluene was decreased in the presence of BYK-345, indicating that BYK-345 adversely affects the activity of microorganisms. However, TritonX-100 and Tween 80 did not decrease the degradation rate of toluene significantly. Rather, at the low concentration of TritonX-100 toluene degradation rate was even increased. Overall the experimental results suggest that TritonX-100 be the appropriate surfactant for enhanced biological degradation of toluene. 계면활성제는 소수성 물질(톨루엔)의 물질전달율을 증가시켜 미생물이 있는 액상으로 잘 녹아들어가게 함으로써 미생물에 의한 분해를 증가시킨다. 본 연구에서는 여러 종류의 계면활성제가 존재할 때 톨루엔의 물질전달율과 미생물에 의한 분해가 어떻게 이루어지는지에 대해 알아보았다. 사용한 계면활성제는 다음과 같다: Sodium Oodecyl Sulfate (SOS), TritonX-100, Tween 80, BYK-345 (silicone 계면활성제). 실험결과에 따르면 BYK-345는 critical micelle concentration (CMC)에서 톨루엔의 용해도를 증가시켰다. 하지만, SDS와 TritonX-100는 CMC에서 톨루엔의 용해도를 증가시키지 못했다. 증류수에 계면활성제를 첨가하면 증류수만 있는 경우보다 톨루엔의 물질전달율$(K_La)$이 증가했다. 톨루엔 분해 미생물을 이용한 회분식 실험에서 SOS는 톨루엔의 분해를 감소시켰다. 그 이유는 SDS가 미생물에 독성을 미쳤기 때문일 수도 있고, 기질로서 이용되어서 톨루엔과 경쟁관계에 놓였기 때문일 수도 있다. BYK-345를 계면활성제로 사용한 실험에서도 톨루엔의 분해가 감소했는데 이것은 BYK-345가 미생물의 활성도에 심각한 영향을 미쳤기 때문이다. 하지만, TritonX-100 와 Tween 80의 경우에는 톨루엔의 분해가 크게 감소하지 않았다. 낮은 농도의 TritonX-100의 경우에 오히려 톨루엔의 분해는 증가했다. 이와 같은 결과들을 통해 톨루엔의 생물학적 분해를 위해 가장 적절한 계면활성제는 TritonX-100임을 알 수 있었다.

Protective Effects of Calcium Antagonists and Vitamine E on the Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage in Rat Brain Slices

김용식,윤영란,박찬웅,Kim, Yong-Sik,Yoon, Young-Ran,Park, Chan-Woong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1993 대한약리학잡지 Vol.29 No.1

허혈성 뇌손상시 칼슘길항제, 항산화제와 산소라디칼 제거제 그리고 흥분성 아미노산 수용체 길항제의 보호효과를 검토하기 위해 본 연구에서는 랫트 뇌 해마조직 절편을 산소와 포도당을 제거한 반응액에 노출시켜 실험적 허혈상태를 유도하였다. 그리고 여러 약물을 처리한 상태에서 허혈시의 뇌세포 손상정도를 생화학적 지표들(절편내 ATP와 반응액내 lactate 및 malondialdehyde (MDA)유리량)을 측정하여 검토하였다. 60분까지 허혈상태를 유발시킨 경우 시간에 따라 절편내 ATP 함량이 감소하였고 lactate 유리량이 증가하였다. 그 후 산소와 포도당이 든 반응액으로 바꿔주니 이들 생화학적 변화들이 회복되는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 본 실험조건에서 허혈상태로부터 완전히 회복되지는 않았다. 동일한 허혈조건에서 verapamil과 비타민 E는 ATP 함량 감소와 절편으로부터의 lactate 유리량의 증가에 대해 보고효과를 보였다. 그리고 verapamil과 diltiazem은 반응액내로의 MDA유리를 감소시켰다. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione과 MK-801 (NMDA 수용체 길항제)은 20분 허혈조건에서 ATP 함량을 증가시켰으나 그외 다른 조건에서 보호효과를 보이지 않았다. 허혈 후 20분간 산소와 포도당을 재공급한 경우 verapamil은 ATP 함량과 lactate 유리에 보호효과를 보였다. 한편 비타민 E는 20분 허혈 조건에서의 lactate 유리와 60분 허혈시의 MDA 유리 증가에 대해 감소효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 칼슘길항제와 비타민 E가 랫트 뇌절편에서의 허혈성 생화학적 손상을 방지함으로 나타난 결과로 해석되며, 칼슘갈항제의 효과가 비타민 E보다 우수함으로 미루어 칼슘길항제는 허혈성 뇌손상에 예방 및 보고효과를 보일 것으로 믿어졌다. To evaluate the protective effects of calcium antagonists, oxygen radical scavengers and excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist on the ischemic brain damage, we induced in vitro ischemic condition (namely, lack of oxygen and glucose) to rat hippocampal slices. And the degree of ischemic damage was determined by assaying changes in biochemical parameters such as ATP content and lactate ralease, MDA production in the presence or absence of the various drugs. During experimental ischemia for up to 60 min, ATP content was decreased and the amount of lactate release was markedly increased time-dependently. By changing the reaction medium which contained oxygen and glucose those biochemical parameters were recovered. But the recovery was not complete in this experimental condition. In the same ischemic conditions verapamil and vitamine E prevented the decrease of ATP content and the increase of lactate release from the slices. And verapamil and diltiazem decreased MDA release to the reaction medium. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MK-801 (as EAA receptor antagonist) protected the decrease of ATP content and reduced MDA release in 20 min ischemic condition, but glutathione affected ATP content and lactate release at the same condition. When oxygen and glucose were resupplied for 20 min after ischemic condition, verapamil showed the protective effect on the changes of ATP content and lactate release, and vitamine E decreased lactate release (at 20 min ischemia) and MDA release (at 60 min ischemia). These results showed that calcium antagonist and vitamine E protect the ischemic biochemical changes from rat hippocampal slices and calcium antagonist is more potent than vitamine E to protect the ischemical brain damege.

쇠고기와 닭고시의 배합비에 따른 Consomme의 관능적 및 물리적 특성

김용식,장명숙,Kim Young-Sik,Jang Myung-Sook 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.5

The application of consomme prepared with different ratios of ground beef and ground chicken to improve taste preferences and the cost of foodstuffs was attempted by reviewing fundamental data and the effect on the sensory and physical characteristics of treatment These treatments were prepared with different ratios(9:1(A), 7:3(B), 5:5(C), 3:7(D), 1:9(E) w/w) of ground beef and ground chicken, respectively. Sensory properties were evaluated in the aspects of both acceptability and intensity. From the acceptability aspect, A treatment showed the highest scores in smell, B in mouthfeel and taste, A and B in color and overall acceptability, respectively. In terms of acceptability, B treatment was favored most for color, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability except smell. The more the ground chicken, the higher the intensity aspect E treatment showed higher values than A in all the intensity aspects. Moisture contents and crude proteins increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground beef, whereas crude ash, solid matter and pH increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Tumidity values were the highest in E treatment, whereas the lowest in A. Tumidity values were increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Viscosity increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The highest viscosity was shown in E treatment The colorimetric lightness values(L) decreased and redness(a), yellowness(b) and total color difference values(AE) increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. This experimental study showed that A and B treatment had the highest values in overall acceptability. The results of analysis in crude protein, solid matter, tumidity and viscosity were increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. B treatment prepared with a ratio of 7:3 of ground beef and chicken had the most favorable sensory quality. These results suggested the basic information to improve acceptability and to save the costs of Consomme recipes for foodservice institutions.

MPTP와 대사물인 $MPP^+$의 도파민 신경세포에 대한 독성효과에 관한 연구

김용식,박찬웅,윤영란,윤용하,Kim, Yong-Sik,Park, Chan-Woong,Yoon, Young-Ran,Youn, Yong-Ha 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2

Dissociated cell cultures from rat embryonic ventral mesencephalon were used to evaluate the mechanisms of $MPP^+$ neurotoxicity. The cells were treated with MPTP or $MPP^+$ and the viability of the cells was assessed biochemically; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, protein, intracellular ATP and lactate content and lipid peroxidation. Also the generation of the intracellular oxidants was measured after loading 2', 7‘-dichlorofluorescin diacetate to the cells. When cultures were exposed to 0.1 mM $MPP^+$, at 2 hour incubation lactate was significantly accumulated in the cells and then the intracellular ATP content and TH immunoreactivity were decreased dose- and time-dependently. But, malondialdehyde as an index for lipid peroxidation was not changed even though the generation of the intracellular oxidants was stimulated by the addition of $MPP^+$. On the other hand, 1 mM MPTP significantly reduced the TH immunoreactivity at 24 hour exposure without any change in the intracellular A TP, lactate and MDA content until 6 hour exposure. And also MPTP inhibited the generation of the intracellular oxidants from control cells and $MPP^+$ exposed cells. These results indicate that cytotoxicity of $MPP^+$ is mediated by inhibiting the mitochondrial energy metabolism rather than generating the intracellular oxidants. And MPTP would have direct action in addition to conveting to the toxic metabolite, $MPP^+$ to exert the toxicity on the dopaminergic neurons.

조현병 환자의 언어성 환청과 정신병리의 PANSS 요인들 간의다차원적 관계

신샘이,김세현,이남영,윤탁,김용식,정인원,Shin, Sam Yi,Kim, Se Hyun,Lee, Nam Young,Youn, Tak,Kim, Yong Sik,Chung, In Won 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives This study was aimed to examine the multidimensional relationship between auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) factors of psychopathology in the patients with schizophrenia. And we explored the differences between assessments to hallucination by the clinicians and patients. Methods 82 patients with schizophrenia who were assessed by the Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire (HPSVQ), Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale-Auditory Hallucination (PSYRATS-AHS), and the PANSS were recruited. Hwang's five-factor model of PANSS, items and total scores of hallucination scales, Kim's and Haddock's factor models of hallucination were applied to examine the correlations between psychopathology and AVHs. AVH-positive patients was 50 in PANSS-HPSVQ group and 24 in PANSS-PSYRATS-AHS. These two groups were separately analyzed. Results Among the five factors of the PANSS, negative and depression/anxiety factors were correlated with the total scores of HPSVQ and PSYRATS-AHS, and positive and autistic preoccupation factors were correlated only with the total score of PSYRATS-AHS. The activation factor was correlated with none of the total scores of HPSVQ/PSYRATS-AHS. These correlation patterns of a total score of HPSVQ/PSYRATS-AHS were same in the emotional factor of HPSVQ and physical factor of PSYRATS-AHS respectively. In the items which showed significant correlations, correlation coefficients of PANSS-PSYRATS-AHS group ranged between 0.406-0.755 and those of PANSS-HPSVQ ranged between 0.283-0.420. Conclusions This study suggested that the psychopathological domains of schizophrenia were differentially correlated with AVHs and the assessment of AVHs by clinicians and patients showed substantial differences which should be integrated into the therapeutic interventions.

전자간 외반 절골술을 이용한 대퇴경부 불유합의 치료

김용식 ( Yong Sik Kim ),최남용 ( Nam Yong Choi ),권순용 ( Soon Yong Kwon ),김주영 ( Joo Young Kim ),한석구 ( Suk Ku Han ) 대한고관절학회 2005 Hip and Pelvis Vol.17 No.4

서론: 대퇴경부 불유합을 전자간 외반 절골술을 이용하여 치료 후 임상적 결과를 후향적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 3월부터 2003년 12월까지 대퇴경부 불유합에 대해 전자간 외반 절골술을 시행한 9명, 9예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 나이는 39세(28~57)였고, 수상 후 평균 11개월(7~15개월)에 불유합에 대한 절골술이 시행되었고 평균 추시기간은 27개월(14~45개월)이었다. 9예 중 5예는 동반 골절이 있었고, 이는 동측 비구골절 동반예가 1예, 동측 대퇴간부 골절 동반예가 3예 및 동측 비구와 간부 골절 동반예가 1예였다. 골유합 시기, 최종 추시상 대퇴 경간각, 합병증, 하지부동과 Harris Hip score 및 Koval의 보행능력 평가를 시행하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 골유합이 이루어졌으며, 대퇴경부는 평균 7.4개월(5~11개월), 절골술 부위는 평균 6.6개월(4~8개월)에 골유합되었다. 대퇴 경간각은 술 전 평균 118도(96~129도)에서 술 후 평균 132도(128~137도)로 개선되었고, 하지 부동은 술 전 평균 3.1 cm (0.8~5.4cm)에서 술 후 평균 0,4cm 단축으로 2.7 cm가 교정되었다. 2예에서 대퇴골두 무혈성 괴사증이 발생하여 핵심 감압술을 시행하였으나 인공관절 치환술은 한 예도 시행되지 않았다. 2예에서 동통없는 파행이 발생하였고, Harris Hip Score는 술 전 평균 62에서 술 후 평균 92로 향상되었으며, 술 후 1년에 모든 환자는 독립적인 자가보행이 가능하였다. 결론: 전자간 외반 절골술을 이용한 대퇴경부 불유합의 치료는 우수한 결과를 보였으며, 특히 젊은 환자에서 인공관절 치환술을 피할 수 있는 유용한 방법이라 사료된다. Introduction: To evaluate the clinical results of femoral neck nonunion treated with intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy. Materials and methods: Between March 1999 and December 2003, 9 patients (9 cases) of femoral neck nonunion were treated with intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy. Average patient age was 39 years (28~57 years), average duration of nonunion was 11 months (7~15months) and average duration of follow-up was 27 months (14~45 months). The 9 cases comprised 4 with isolated neck fractures and 5 with ipsilateral acetabulum and/or shaft fracture of the femur. Results: All cases of nonunion were healed at an average of 7.4 months (5~11 months) and the osteotomy site was healed at a mean of 6.6 months (4~8 months). The average neck shaft angle at last follow-up was 132 degrees and the leg length discrepancy was corrected by an average of 2.7 cm. Two patients experienced avascular necrosis that was treated by core decompression. However, arthroplasty was not performed in either of these 2 cases. All patients could ambulate without any walking aids, but two patients complained of painless limping. The average Harris hip score improved from 62 preoperative to 92 at the last follow-up. Conclusion: Intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy is an effective method for treatment of femoral neck nonunion and provides a satisfactory short-term result.

인공관절 주위 골용해에서 관절액의 RANKL/OPG 발현

김용식(Yong Sik Kim),최남용(Nam Yong Choi),이기행(Kee Haeng Lee),김영훈(Young Hoon Kim),한석구(Suk Ku Han),William J. Maloney 대한정형외과학회 2004 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.39 No.7

목적: 골관절염 환자와 골용해로 인공 관절 재치환술을 받은 환자의 관절액에서 Receptor Activator of NF-кB Ligand (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG) 및 염증 전구 단백질의 발현 차이를 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 47예, 47명의 고관절 혹은 슬관절 인공 관절 치환술 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 각각 4군으로 나누어 제1군은 골관절염 환자 15예, 제2군은 골용해 없이 재치환술을 시행한 15예, 제3군은 광범위한 골용해로 재치환술을 시행한 17예와 제2군과 3군을 합해 제4군으로 정하고 수술 중 관절액을 채취하여 RANKL, OPG, IL-1β IL-6과 TNF-α 단백질의 양을 enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)법을 이용하여 측정 비교하였다. 결과: RANKL은 각군 간 유의한 차이가 없었으나, OPG는 제1군에 비해 제2, 3군에서 크게 증가되었다(2.2-3.9배)(p<0.0001). IL-lβ는 제1군에 비해 제2, 3, 4군에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 특히 제3군에서 가장 높게 측정되었다(12.1배) (p<0.0001). IL-6은 골용해가 있는 제3군이 제1, 2군에 비해 2배 증가하였고, TNF-α는 제1군에 비해 제3군에서 2배, 제4군에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다(p=0.03). 결론: 일정 농도의 RANKL과 OPG의 감소 및 염증 전구 단백질의 증가로 파골 세포의 활성에 의한 인공 관절 치환술 후 관절물 주위 골용해가 발생할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: This study evaluated the expression level of Receptor Activator of NF-кB Ligand (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in the osteoarthritic and peri prosthetic joint fluid in order to characterize the role of these regulatory proteins in peri prosthetic osteolysis. Materials and Methods: Joint fluid specimens taken from 47 patients undergoing hip or knee reconstructive surgery were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in order to determine the relative protein expression level of RANKL, OPG, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a. The fluid from joints with osteoarthritis (15 cases, Group Ⅰ), implants revised without associated osteolysis (15 cases, Group Ⅱ) and failed implants with radiographically moderate to severe osteolysis (17 cases, Group Ⅲ) were compared. The fluids from all cases with implants (Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ) was combined (Group Ⅳ) and compared with the osteoarthritic joint fluids. Results: RANKL was present in all the fluids at similar concentrations. The OPG levels were significantly lower (2.2-3.9 fold) in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in Group Ⅰ (p<0.0001). The IL-1β concentration was significantly higher in Groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ and with Group Ⅲ being the highest (12.1 fold) (p<0.0001). The IL-6 expression level was significantly higher in Group Ⅲ (2.0 fold) than in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (p<0.0001). The TNF-α levels were 2.0 times higher in Group Ⅲ and significantly higher in all implant cases (Group Ⅳ) are analyzed(p=0.03). Conclusion: Permissive RANKL protein expression coupled with suppressed OPG levels and enhanced osteoclastogenic cytokine expression results in peri prosthetic osteolysis.

부탄가스 흡입으로 유발된 대퇴 골두 무혈성 괴사증 -2예보고 및 동물실험-

김용식 ( Yong Sik Kim ),강창석 ( Chang Suk Kang ),김기원 ( Ki Won Kim ),이화성 ( Hwa Sung Lee ),김정호 ( Jung Ho Kim ),우영균 ( Young Kyun Woo ) 대한고관절학회 1998 Hip and Pelvis Vol.10 No.1

We firstly report two cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with butane gas inhalation and investigated its pathogenesis with in vivo experimental study. In both patients, the blood level of cholesterol was in normal range while triglyceride level was increased. The characteristic findings of histopathologic change of the proximal head was severe congestion of intraosseous vessels. For in vivo experimental study, the butane gas was inhalated to fifteen rabbits using a specially designed box. Blood chemistry including triglyceride and lipoprotein electrophoresis was measured and the changes of blood vessel and marrow of the proximal femur was observed with histopathologic study. The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased after butane gas inhalation. Disruption of basement membrane of veins with thrombosis and thrombus of the small to medium sized arteries were observed in and around femoral head. The severe congestion of intraosseous blood vessels was also observed within the femoral head of rabbits. The current study demonstrated that butane gas inhalation may damage to basement membrane of vein around tbe hip joint and elevate the level of triglyceride. In conclusion, butane gas inhalation should be considered as a new etiology for the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.