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김용석(Yong-Suk Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.22
The main purpose of this study is to argue that the distributional asymmetries of wh-phrases in Korean interrogatives can be optimally explained under the ‘Parametrized Agree’ analysis of Kim’s(2006) Revised Probe-Goal Framework. Under the argumentation, it goes to light that the two kinds of wh-asymmetries in Korean: the argumentnonargument asymmetry and the selection-nonselection asymmetry are efficiently captured in terms of the Binding Theory (A) and the Copy Identification Principle respectively under Kim’s (2006) analysis.
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Effect of Auricular acupuncture on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
김용석,김창환,김건식,Kim, Yong-Suk,Kim, Chang-Hwan,Kim, Keon-Sik The Society of Korean Medicine 1996 대한한의학회지 Vol.17 No.2
본 논문은 수술후 오심, 구토증에 대한 이침요법의 효과를 연구하기 위하여 시도되었다. 경희대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 전신마취하에 복식 자궁절제술을 받기로 예정된 100명의 환자를 두 군으로 나누어 이침요법을 하지 않은 대조군과 이침요법을 시행한 실험군을 대상으로 연구를 하였다. 대상환자의 연령, 체중, 신장, 마취시간은 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의성있는 차이는 없었다. 수술후 12시간이내에 한번이라도 오심, 구역 및 구토가 발생된 환자는 대조군이 68%, 실험군이 30%으로 실험군이 대조군에 비하여 유의성있는 효과를 보였다. 이침요법에 의한 부작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이침요법은 복식 자궁절제술 후 오심, 구토를 부작용없이 예방하는데 상당한 효과가 있는 것으로 사려된다. We have studied the effect of auricular acupuncture on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). 100 female patients undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy were entered into the study. The patients were divided into two groups (auricular acupuncture treatment group and non-treatment group) to test the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture. acupuncture consisted of needle insertion in one ear at four points: sympathetic, stomach, shinmoon and occiput. Before the operation, the above points were punctured perpendicularly by the thumbtack-type needle, leaving its handle lying flat on the skin surface. There was no significant difference in age, weight, height and duration of anesthesia among the two groups of patients. There was a cignificant difference between the control group and auricular acupuncture treatment group in the incidence of vomiting at the first 12 h after surgery 68% and 30%, respectively, p<0.01) No noteworthy side effects fbom treatment were observed. auricular acupuncture is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting after transabdominal hysterectomy in female patients.
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감마선 조사에 의한 뇌조직의 Jun 및 p53유전자 발현
김용석,우종규,이용성,고재경,전하정,이명자,Kim Yong Seok,Woo Chong Kyu,Lee Yong Sung,Koh Jai Kyung,Chun Ha Chung,Lee Myung Za 대한방사선종양학회 1996 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.14 No.4
방사선은 DNA손상을 초래하고 세포 성장에 관련된 유전자의 발현 조절 및 apoptosis등을 유발한다고 알려져 있으며 본 연구는 신경계에 있어 방사선 조사 후 종양 발생율과 시간 경과의 관계 및 조사 양과 암 발생의 관계를 구명하기 위해 코발트 60의 전신조사에 따른 흰쥐 뇌 조직의 생체 반응을 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 상기조직의 jun 및 p53 유전자의 발현도를 1 Gy로 부터 100 Gy 범위의 감마선 용량별 및 1시간에서 6시간까지의 조사 훈 경과 시간 별로 Northern 분석하였다. Jun유전자 발현도는 ley이하에서 1시간 이내에 한계수준에 도달하였으며 30 Gy의 조사 1시간 째에 최대였다. 또한 조사 1시간 이후 1 Gy로부터 10 Gy 범위에서는 조사 5시간 및 6시간까지 점진적으로 증가되었으나 20 Gy로부터 100 Gy 범위에서는 조사 2시간까지 증가 후 감소되는 양상을 나타냈다. p53유전자의 발현도는 1 Gy이하에서 1시간 이내에 한계 수준에 근접했고 1 Gy의 조사 후 6시간 째에 최대였다. 1 Gy로부터 40 Gy까지의 범위에서는 조사 5시간 및 6시간까지 점진적으로 증가되는 반면 50 Gy에서 100 Gy범위에서는 조사 2시간 째까지 증가 후 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 따라서 감마선 조사양이 높을수록 jun 및 p53유전자는 신속하게 최대로 발현되었고 감마선 조사양이 낮을수록 서서히 증가되었다 그러나 jun유전자와 p53유전자의 감마선 조사에 따른 발현 양상에는 상호간의 연관성을 찾을 수 없었다. Damage produced by radiation elicits a complex response in mammalian cells, including growth rate changes and the induction of a variety of genes associated with growth control and apoptosis. At doses of 10,000 cGy or greater, the exposed individual was killed in a matter of minutes to a couple of days, with symptoms consistent with pathology of the central nervous system(CNS) including degenerative changes. The nature of the damage in irradiated cells underlies the unique hazards of ionizing radiation. Radiation injury to CNS is a rare event in clinical medicine, but it is catastrophic for the patient in whom it occurs. The incidence of cerebral necrosis has been reported as high as 16% for doses greater than 6,000 cGy. In this study, the effect of radiation on brain tissue was studied in vivo. Jun and p53 genes in the rat brain were induced by whole body irradiation of rat with 600Co in doses between 1 Gy and 100 Gy and analyzed for expression of jun and p53 genes at the postirradiation time up to 6 hours. Northern analyses were done using 1.8 Kb & 0.8 Kb-pGEM-2-JUN/Eco RI/Pst I fragments, 2.0 Kb-php53B/Bam HI fragment and ,1.1 Kb-pBluescript SK--ACTIN/Eco RI fragment as the digoxigenin or [${\alpha}^{32}P$] dCTPlabeled probes for Jun, p53 and ${\beta}$-actin genes, respectively. Jun gene seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 30 Gy. Jun was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 1 Gy and 10 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 20 Gr and 100 Gy, the expression of Jun was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. p53 gene in this study also seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 1 Gy, p53 was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 1 Gy and 40 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, the expression of p53 was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. The expression of Jun and p53 genes was not correlative in the brain tissue from rats. It seemed to be very important for the establishment of the optimum conditions for the animal studies relevant to the responses of genes inducible on DNA damage to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. But there are many limitations to the animal studies such as the ununiform patterns of gene expression from the tissue because of its complex compositions. It is necessary to overcome the limitations for development of in situ Northern analysis.
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Purification and Characterization of Pst I Methylase from Providencia stuartii 164
김용석,노현모,Kim, Yong-Sok,Rho, Hyune-Mo 생화학분자생물학회 1984 한국생화학회지 Vol.17 No.2
본 논문에서는 Providencia stuartii 164 균주로부터 Pst I methylase를 분리하여 특성을 관찰하였다. 분리 방법으로는 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 분획법, DEAE-Cellulose 크로마토그라피법, Phosphocellulose 크로마토그라피법, 그리고 Heparin agarose 크로마토그라피법을 순서적으로 사용했다. 분리된 효소는 site-specific한 methylase였는데, 이것은 Pst I 제한효소로 자른 pBR322 DNA는 분리한 methylase에 의해 methylation이 일어나지 않은 사실과 분리한 methylase로 methylation 시킨 pBR322 DNA는 Pst I 제한효소로 잘라지지 않는다는 사실로 확인되었다. 또한 Pst I restriction-modification 유전자를 가지는 plasmid인 pRL829 DNA가 이 효소에 의해 더 이상 methylation이 일어나지 않은 사실은 분리해 낸 효소가 Pst I methylase임을 확신시켜 주었다. 이 효소는 pH 7.5에 서 가장 높은 활성도를 보여 주었고 50 mM 농도의 NaCl이 있으면 활성도가 증가했다. 또한 Pst I methylase는 외가닥으로 된 ${\Phi}X$ 174 DNA를 잘 methylation 시키는 것으로 나타났다. In this report, the purification and characterization of Pst I methylase from Providencia stuartii 164 strain was described. Pst I methylase was purified by the following procedures; ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Phosphocellulose chromatography and Heparin agarose chromatography. Pst I methylase was a site-specific methylase which has been proven by the facts that pBR322 DNA cleaved by Pst I restriction endonuclease was not methylated by Pst I methylase, and pBR322 DNA methylated by Pst I methylase was not cleaved by Pst I restriction endonuclease. The plasmid pRL829, which contains Pst I restriction-modification genes and thus was fully methylated in vivo, was not methylated by Pst I methylase. These results strongly suggest that the methylase has a site specificity on Pst I recognition site. Pst I methylase activity has optima at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 50 mM NaCl. In addition, Pst I methylase has also been found to have methylation activity on single-strand ${\Phi}X174$ DNA.
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