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염화물 이온 및 이산화탄소의 복합작용에 의한 콘크리트의 내구성상 평가에 관한 실험적 연구
김영봉 ( Kim Young-bong ),조봉석 ( Cho Bong-suk ),김영덕 ( Kim Young-duck ),김규용 ( Kim Gyu-yong ),김무한 ( Kim Moo-han ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2007 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.11 No.2
Recently, corrosion of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures and carbonation is raised problem of durability because of exhaustion of river sand and rapid increase of sea sand and also, concrete structure of sea environment is attacked to combined deterioration according to penetration of chloride ion and carbonation. Therefore, in this study, mixing design was proportioned with the various water-binder ratio 0.55 binder compositions corresponding to Type I cement without any supplementary materials (OPC), Type II cement with 50% blast-furnace slag replacement (BFS50), Type Ⅲ cement with 15% fly ash replacement (FA15). and ternary cement with TypeⅣ cement. 15% fly ash. and 35% slag replacement (BFS35%+FA15%). And this study is carried out to compare individual deterioration test with combined deterioration test and to investigate the effect of the permeation of deterioration factors such as CO2 and chloride ion under the combined deterioration environments. Test result showed that mixing design with BFS50% and BFS35% + FA15% exhibited higher durability than that made with OPC only.
염해 및 중성화의 복합열화작용에 따른 콘크리트의 내구특성 평가에 관한 실험적 연구
김영봉(Kim Young-Bong),조봉석(Cho Bong-Suk),김영덕(Kim Young-Duck),나철성(Na Chul-Sung),김규용(Kim Gyu-Yong),김무한(Kim Moo-Han) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1
Durability evaluations to assess the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures in the present have been considered only individual deterioration factors such as salt damage and carbonation. Also, indoor accelerated experiments have not been able to realize the combined deterioration factors that actually affect real concrete structures. Therefore, in this study, mixing design was proportioned with the various water-binder ratio 0.55 binder compositions corresponding to Type I cement without any supplementary materials(OPC), Type Ⅱ cement with 50% blast-furnace slag replacement (BFS50), TypeⅢ cement with 15% fly ash replacement (FA15), and ternary cement with TypeⅣ cement, 15% fly ash, and 35% slag replacement (BFS35+FA15). And this study is carried out to compare individual deterioration test with combined deterioration test and to investigate the effect of the permeation of deterioration factors such as CO₂ and chloride ion under the combined deterioration environments. After setting up various deterioration factors and levels such as carbonation, salt damage, and the repetition of drying-wetting, items such as carbonation depth, chloride ion penetration depth were evaluated under the combined deterioration environments. The results showed that carbonation depth, chloride ion penetration depth were increased according to the elapsed of ages. Also mixing design with BFS50% and BFS35%+FA15% exhibited higher durability factor than that made with OPC only.
경화콘크리트의 염화물 분석시험 정밀도 향상을 위한 실험적 연구
김영봉(Kim Young-Bong),김영선(Kim Young-Sun),이의배(Lee Eui-Bae),남정수(Nam Jeong-Soo),김규용(Kim Gyu-Yong),김무한(Kim Moo-Han) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(구조계)
Worldwide, Certification systems for standard of material and quality of product exist very variously. Korean industrial Standard (KS) is most representatively certification systems in Korea. But laboratory of Korea uses often ASTM, RILEM and JIS and these standards do not get into unionization. So, granted that experiment is same, result still can different. Specially, the difference occurs of concrete chloride test. Therefore, this research measured chloride amount of hardened concrete using identical material and wished to improve accuracy of chloride estimation as that comparison evaluate to each examination.
이상자녀수(理想子女數) 및 자녀(子女)에 대(對)한 가치관(價値觀) 변천(變遷)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
김영봉,Kim, Young-Bong 대한예방의학회 1974 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.7 No.1
This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.
김영봉,이윤정,Kim Young-Bong,Lee Yun-Jung 한국콘텐츠학회 2006 게임&엔터테인먼트논문지 Vol.2 No.1
CAD system is a very important technology in designing many products which we are using today. This CAD technology have enlarging its area into 3D CAD systems with the development of computer graphics technologies. In particular, such advances have also been realized in special area such as the CAD system for designing shoes. 3D CAD systems for shoes design must provide compatibility between 3D and 2D data because shoes are made using 2D parts of pieces of leather or cloth. Many designers get high performances using 2D shoe CAD systems because they have had long practices with the 2D systems. Therefore, to get the mapping between 2D modeling and 3D modeling is one of very important components in 3D CAD system. In this paper, we proposed a flattening method that convert 3D shoes data to 2D data. 캐드(CAD) 시스템은 우리가 사용하는 대부분의 산업 제품을 제작하는데 필수적으로 사용되고 있는 중요한 기술로 알려져 있다. 이러한 캐드 기술은 최근 컴퓨터 그래픽스 기술의 발달과 더불어 3차원 캐드 시스템으로 영역을 확장해 나가고 있다. 특히 신발 제조와 같은 특수한 영역의 CAD 시스템들도 3차원 캐드로 발전해 나가고 있다. 신발 설계를 위한 3차원 캐드 시스템은 가죽이나 천 같은 2차원의 부품들을 붙여서 3차원의 제품을 생산하는 작업의 특성상 2차원 데이터와 3차원 데이터 간의 호환성을 제공해야 한다. 또한 실제 작업 현장에서 일하는 많은 신발 캐드 디자이너들은 2차원 CAD환경에 더 익숙하며 작업 효율도 높다. 그러므로 3차원 신발 모델링과 2차원 모델링 사이의 변환은 3차원 캐드시스템에서 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 신발과 같은 3차원 모델의 격자 데이터를 2차원 데이터로 변환하기 위한 평면화(flattening) 방법을 제안한다.