4분의 1 파장 단락 스터브 방식 서지 어레스터의 잔여 전압 제거에 관한 연구

김연태,원태영,Kim, Yeon-Tae,Won, Tae-Yeong 대한전자공학회 2000 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.37 No.8

고전압 전류 특성의 낙뢰는 안테나를 통해 지상에 설치된 이동 통신 기지국으로 도입될 수 있으며, 이를 방지하기 위한 장치가 서지 어레스터이다. 본 논문에서는 서지 어레스터의 개념, 종류, 동작 원리, 설계 및 제작 등을 검토하고, 이를 기반으로 현재 국내외에서 이용되고 있는 이동 통신 서비스인 셀룰라, GSM 및 PCS 등과 차세대 이동 통신 서비스인 IMT-2000의 기지국에 적용 가능한 서지 어레스터들을 설계하였다. 초기 설계된 서지 어레스터들은 고주파 3차원 구조 시뮬레이터 상에서 특성 예측을 위한 컴퓨터 모의 실험과 서지 어레스터의 전자기적 특성 개선을 위한 내부 구조 최적화 작업이 수행되었다. 서지 어레스터의 최종 설계도를 기반으로 실제 IMT-2000 기지국용 4분의 1 파장 단락 스터브 방식의 서지 어레스터를 제작하였으며, 전자기적 전송 특성 측정과 낙뢰 전달 테스트를 수행하여 제작된 서지 어레스터의 성능을 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 전압 정재파 비는 1.05 이하, 삽입 손실은 -0.035 dB이하, 상호변조 특성은 -150 dBc 이하의 특성을 얻었으며, 잔여 전압 특성은 7∼ll V 정도의 특성을 보였다. The lightning with high voltage and current can enter the basestations for mobile communication through their antenna. The device which can protect the basestation against the lightning, is surge arrestor. In this paper, the concept, kind, operating mechanism, design and fabrication of surge arrestor were studied. Based on the studied data, variable surge arrestors were designed for the current mobile communication service like a cellular, GSM and PCS and the next generation mobile communication like a IMT-2000. Computer simulation for the prediction of their characteristics and inner structure optimization for the improvement of their electrical characteristics were carried with high frequency 3D structure simulator. Quarter wave short stub surge arrestors for IMT-2000 were fabricated with their final design and then the measurement of electrical characteristics and the lightning test were executed. As a results of measurement, we obtained below 1.05 of VSWR, -0.035 dB of insertion loss, -150 dBc of intermodulation and 7∼ll V of residual voltage.

모바일 어플리케이션을 이용한 차선의 시인성 분석 연구

김연태(Yeon Tae Kim),이수형(Soo Hyung Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구에서는 모바일 어플리케이션을 활용하여 스마트폰 카메라로 촬영한 차선 이미지의 가시성을 기반으로 시인성을 분석하는 연구를 진행하였다. 촬영 어플리케이션을 자체적으로 제작하고 차선을 촬영할 때 컬러패치를 함께 촬영하여 어플리케이션에 포함된 인공지능 알고리즘으로 컬러패치를 검출하였다. 이후 검출된 컬러패치의 좌표영역을 기준으로 24개의 컬러패치 영역을 통해 차선 이미지의 색상을 교정하였다. 교정된 이미지는 RGB-YUV 변환을 통해 Y값을 추출하였다. 실험과정은 동일한 도로구간에 대해 3일 동안 오전 10시, 오후 2시, 오후 7시에 걸쳐 사진을 촬영하였다. 데이터 분석결과 컬러패치를 이용해 교정을 함으로써, 외부 환경의 영향을 최소화했지만 Y값은 외부 환경에 따라 현저하게 변화하는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 RGB-YUV 변환을 통해 추출된 Y값이 실제 물리적인 휘도값을 절대적으로 반영한다고 보기에는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한 촬영 시간과 각도에 따라 Y값이 현저하게 변화하는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 단일의 스마트폰을 사용하여 이미지를 촬영하였지만 향후 스마트폰의 기종별, 해상도별 Y값의 변화정도를 수치화하여서 보정공식을 도입해야 할 필요성을 확인하였다. In this study, visibility was analyzed in lane images captured with a smartphone camera using a mobile application. When photographing a lane, color patches are photographed together and detected with an artificial intelligence algorithm that is included in the application. The color of the lane image is corrected through 24 color-patch areas based on the detected coordinate area of the color patches. In the corrected image, the Y value was extracted by RGB-YUV conversion. Photos were taken at 10 am, 2 pm, and 7 pm on the same road section for 3 days. As a result of data analysis, the effect of the external environment was minimized by correction using color patches, but the Y value changed remarkably according to the external environment. Therefore, it is difficult to see that the Y value extracted through RGB-YUV conversion absolutely reflects the actual physical luminance value. In addition, the Y value showed different results depending on the time and angle of the photo.

환경행정소송상 소송요건의 문제점과 한계 -원고적격을 중심으로-

김연태 ( Yeon Tae Kim ) 안암법학회 2011 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.35

Environmental Administrative Litigation is a control procedure enforced by courts on illegal environmental administrative actions in order to protect the environment. A court`s possible solutions for environmental disputes are limited not only by its authority which is restricted to the interpretation and application of relevant Statutes but also by the fact that a lawsuit may only proceed on satisfaction of its jurisdictional elements. Not unlike general administrative litigation, the standing requirement in environmental administrative litigations performs its function to filter administrative actions to be enforced by the courts. In other words. the standing :requirement determines the scope and limitations of judicial review in such administrative actions. Thus one must recognize the need to expand the court`s power for purposes of environmental protection while acknowledging the limitations of the court`s power based on concepts of separation of power. According to Korean judicial precedent, people residing within the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) area are de facto presumed to have standing in lawsuits while people residing outside the area are required to prove their standing. Such judicial precedent is considered to be a step-forward in comparison to previous case law which completely denied standing to people residing outside the EIA area. While maintaining this line of legal policy, going forward, it will be necessary to find a more rational legal base of reasoning. Given the seriousness and distinctiveness of environmental issues, traditional litigation measures or legal principles may be insufficient solutions. To overcome this difficulty, it is worth to review the Verbandsklage of Germany or The Public Trust Doctrine of the U.S. as possible candidates to deal with the weaknesses of our litigation system which is based on personal relief to settle environmental conflicts.

현행 행정집행제도의 체계상의 문제점

김연태(Kim, Yeon-Tae) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2016 江原法學 Vol.49 No.-

행정강제는 행정상의 강제집행과 즉시강제로 나누어지고, 행정상의 강제집행의 수단으로는 다시 대집행, 이행강제금, 직접강제, 행정상 강제징수가 열거되는 것이 일반적이다. 현행 행정강제제도의 문제점에 대한 지적과 그에 대한 입법적 개선방안이 오래전부터 제기되어 왔다. 그럼에도 입법적 개선이 이루어기보다는 행정벌, 금전적 제재수단, 새로운 유형의 실효성 확보수단 등 행정목적을 간접적으로 실현하고자 하는 수단으로 행정집행을 대체하거나 또는 개별법을 통해 한정적으로만 인정하려 했던 이행강제금, 직접강제 등의 수단을 허용하는 입법이 늘어나고 있는 상황이다. 이와 같은 다양한 행정상 의무이행확보수단은 명확하게 구분되지 않고 혼용되고 있다. 더욱이 행정주체는 상대방에 대한 권익침해 여부에 대하여는 고려함이 없이 간편하게 의무의 이행을 확보할 수 있는 수단을 활용하는 데에만 관심을 가짐으로써 공권력의 지나친 행사라는 비난을 받는 경우가 많다. 이 글에서는 현행 법제의 문제점, 특히 행정집행제도의 체계상의 문제점으로서 법적 근거상의 문제를 중심으로 개별 행정집행수단의 문제와 각 집행수단의 관계에 대하여 고찰함으로써 올바른 행정집행제도의 정립과 체계화를 모색하고자 한다. 행정상 강제집행수단의 체계화의 필요성은 주로 비금전적 의무 불이행에 대한 강제수단에 있어서 문제되므로, 금전적 급부의무의 불이행에 대한 강제수단인 강제징수에 대하여는 논외로 하고, 행정상 의무의 불이행에 대하여 의무이행을 강제하는 것을 직접 목적으로 하는 직접적 의무이행확보수단인 대집행, 이행강제금, 직접강제에 한정하여 고찰하였다. 행정상 즉시강제는 엄밀한 의미의 행정의 의무이행확보수단은 아니지만, 긴급한 경우에 행정목적의 실현을 위해 예외적으로 행해지는 강제수단이라는 점에서 행정집행제도에 포함시켜 논의하였다. The system of administrative compulsion is divided into administrative compulsory execution and immediate execution. The means of administrative compulsory execution are then commonly listed as vicarious administrative execution, charge for compulsion of performance, direct execution and administrative compulsory collection. The problems of the administrative compulsory system as well as legislative plans to improve the system have been brought up to the surface on multiple occasions in the past. Nonetheless, rather than implementing legislative improvements, administrative execution has often been replaced with means to indirectly realize the administrative purposes such as administrative penalty, monetary sanction and other new forms of actions to procure effectiveness. Moreover, there is an increasing number of legislations allowing means such as charge for compulsion of performance and direct execution, which were originally allowed in a restrictive manner through individual legal regulations. The cases for the use of the aforementioned means to achieve administrative fulfillment of obligations have mainly been indistinguishable and caused much confusion. In addition, the administrative agency has faced a large number of criticisms for immoderate use of public authority as its interest mainly lies with simply securing fulfillment of obligation without much consideration for the rights and interests of individuals. This paper will shed light on the systematic problems of the administrative execution system in two aspects, namely the issues of individual means of administrative execution with references to legal basis and the relationships among those individual means. By doing so, this paper will seek settlement and systemization of the appropriate institution of administrative execution. The necessity to systemize the means of administrative compulsory execution primarily refers to cases of non-performance of non-monetary obligations. For this reason, this paper will not discuss matters relating to compulsory collection as a result of non-performance of monetary obligations. The discussion will focus on vicarious administrative execution, charge for compulsion of performance and direct execution that are used as means to ensure direct fulfillment of obligation. Although administrative immediate execution is not strictly classified as a means to ensure fulfillment of obligation, it is discussed as a part of the administrative execution system as it is used as a compulsory means to achieve administrative purposes in exceptional as well as urgent situations.

『 筆花醫鏡·卷一』에 대한 硏究 - 진단 및 변증을 중심으로 -

김연태(Kim Yeon-Tae),김용진(Kim Yong-Jin) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : Classical texts such as 『Donguibogam』 and 『Yixuerumen』 have previously been used as primers to students of Korean Medicine. However, their massiveness in volume and comprehensiveness in contents make it unfit for students whose school curriculum lacked classical chinese. This paper suggests another introductory text that would be more practical in the current situation. Methods :Based on the translation of the main text and annotations, the clinical meanings of the contents were studied. Afterwards its practical application as a primer was considered. Results : The text focuses on the medically important issues in simple and accessible form, making it an important text for beginners to establish the foundation in medicine. Conclusions : Beginners will be able to establish a standard for basic medical knowledge through this text and also apply its contents to diseases that are relatively easy to treat.

행정소송법상 집행정지―집행정지결정의 내용과 효력을 중심으로―

김연태(Kim Yeon Tae) 한국공법학회 2004 공법연구 Vol.33 No.1

3차원 프로파일 데이터 및 도로포장 균열 깊이 변화량에 따른 도로포장의 균열검출 노이즈 제거 기법 성능분석

김연태(Yeon-Tae Kim),이문섭(Moon-Sup Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구에서는 도로포장 3차원 프로파일 데이터의 노이즈 제거 기법과 객체의 특징을 부각하는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. col 노이즈 제거 기법을 적용한 경우 종방향의 균열이 부각되게 표현할 수 있었다. 특히 종방향의 성질을 지니는 미세균열을 두드러지게 표현할 수 있었다. val 노이즈 제거 기법을 적용한 경우 횡방향의 균열이 부각되게 표현할 수 있었다. 특히 cal 노이즈 제거 기법과 마찬가지로 횡방향의 성질을 지니는 미세균열을 두드러지게 표현할 수 있었다는 점에서 col, val 노이즈 제거 기법을 유의하다고 판단하였다. 따라서 두 기법의 장점을 이용하여 관계식을 도출해내었고 관계식을 적용하여 3차원 데이터의 노이즈를 제거하지만 종방향 균열과 횡방향 균열을 부각되게 하는 3차원 데이터 표출 방식을 도출할 수 있었다. 이 외에 pan, diagonal, All around 노이즈 제거 기법은 도로표면의 실제 높낮이가 등고선의 형상으로 표현하였다. 이는 실제 표면상의 높낮이가 변화하는 구간이 임계값을 넘는 부분임을 예상할 수 있는데 3차원 레이저 스캔 카메라에서 획득하는 3차원 데이터는 측정된 깊이 영역에 대한 상대적인 비를 흑백 영역으로 0~255의 범위 내에 변화값으로 표현하기 때문에 나타나는 한계점이라고 판단되었다. This research studied the noise removal technique of the road pavement 3D profile data and the method of highlighting the characteristics of the object. When the col noise removal technique was applied, the longitudinal cracks were expressed prominently. In particular, microcracks with longitudinal properties were expressed remarkably. When the val noise removal technique was applied, it was possible to express the cracks in the transverse direction to emphasize. In particular, it was found that the col and val noise removal techniques were significant as they were able to remarkably express microcracks with lateral properties similar to the cal noise removal technique. Therefore, a relational expression was derived using the strengths of the two techniques. Moreover, a three-dimensional data expression method was derived that removes the noise of the 3D data by applying the relational expression but emphasizes the longitudinal and lateral cracks. In addition, in the pan, diagonal, and all-around noise removal techniques, the actual height of the road surface is expressed in the shape of a contour line. It is expected that the section in which the height changes on the actual surface exceeds the threshold. It was found to be a limiting point that appears because it is expressed as a change value.

영상처리를 통한 도로균열 탐지 과정에서의 노이즈 제거를 위한 Morphology 연산 활용방법 연구

김연태(Yeon-Tae Kim),이태훈(Tae-Hoon Lee),박영한(Young-Han Park),이문섭(Moon-Sup Lee) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2020 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.12

행정상 강제집행제도의 입법적 개선에 관한 고찰

김연태(Kim Yeon tae) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2016 法學硏究 Vol.27 No.2

The system of administrative execution is a means to secure fulfillment of individual administrative obligations to ensure realization of public interests and legal execution by the state. Hence the system of administrative execution is one of the core elements that characterize the system of public law under the dual division of public and private law. Administrative obligations must be performed and a certain extent of administrative effectiveness must be ensured by means of compulsion of performance among others, in order to deal with failures to perform those obligations. Simultaneously, the rights of citizens must not be violated by abusive use of the rights of administrative execution. How to construct the system of administrative execution differs by histories and legal systems of each nation. Republic of Korea accepted the German legislation of administrative execution through Japan. Yet while Germany has secured a self-sufficient and complete legal system of administrative execution under general law, Korea uses a system that regulates mainly using individual law from a point of view that is protective of human rights, although it possesses some regulations pertaining to general law. Under the current legal system of administrative execution, non-performances of administrative obligations are, at times, not met with appropriate means of execution. The current system is also criticized of its lack of systematic structure as legislations are carried out individually according to different interests of government departments. Moreover, even under the individual legal regulations, the conditions and limits of administrative execution are often unclear and the control mechanisms of adjective law about administrative execution are at times insufficient. Therefore, legislative improvements are necessary in order to better protect the rights and interests of citizens. In order to improve the current legal system of administrative execution, this paper recommends that the legal justification, conditions and limits of administrative compulsory execution be clarified by regulating the fundamental principles and general provisions under general law, complementally specifying in a limitative manner the appropriate means to achieve the purpose of the legislation under individual laws, and establishing detailed regulations that consider the distinct content and purpose of individual laws.

의무이행소송과 예방적 금지소송의 쟁점 검토 - 법무부 행정소송법 개정시안을 중심으로 -

김연태 ( Yeon Tae Kim ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2007 고려법학 Vol.0 No.49

Das Justizministerium hat nach ein Jahr langen Erorterungen einen Anderungsantrag des Verwaltungsstreitverfahrensgesetzes gestellt, in den die Verpflichtungsklage und die vorbeugende Unterlassungsklage eingefuhrt werden. Die Verpflichtungsklage ist eine gebotene Klageart immer dann, wenn mit der Klage die Verpflichtung einer Behorde zum Erlaß eines Verwaltungsakts im Sinne von § 2 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 Verwaltungsstreit- verfahrensgesetz begehrt wird. Mit der Verpflichtungsklage kann sowohl die Verurteilung zum Erlaß eines bestimmten Verwaltungsakts (Vornahmeklage) als auch - insbesondere bei Ermessensentscheidungen der Verwaltung - die Verurteilung der Behorde zur Verbescheidung eines Antrags auf Erlaß eines Verwaltungsakts in einem fur den Klager gunstigen Sinn unter Beachtung der Rechtsauffassung des Gerichts begehrt werden (Bescheidungsklage). Der vorbeugende Rechtsschutz gegenuber drohendem Verwaltungsakt ist mittels einer vorbeugenden Unterlassungsklage zu bewerkstelligen. Eine solche Klage ist allerdings nur dann zulassig, wenn die Verweisung auf die Moglichkeit eines repressiven Rechtsschutzes mittels einer Anfechtungsklage nicht ausreicht. Die vorbeugende Unterlassungsklage gegen einen Verwaltungsakt kann daher nur in besonderen Ausnahmenfallen in Betracht kommen, insbesondere wenn die faktische Vorwirkung des Verwaltungsakts schon so erheblich ist, daß ein Abwarten der eigentlichen Entscheidung fur den Klager unzumutbar ist. Grundsatzliche Bedenken gegen die Statthaftigkeit der vorbeugenden Unterlassungsklage gegen einen Verwaltungsakt schlagen nicht durch. Insbesondere folgt aus dem Gewaltenteilungsgrundsatz nicht, daß der Rechtsschutz gegen konkrete Verwaltungsmaßnahmen stets nachtraglich zu sein habe. Auch die Umgehung des Vorverfahrens ist keine Frage der Statthaftigkeit. Die Ausfuhrungen beziehen sich speziell auf die umstrittene Rechtsfrage der Verpflichtungsklage und der vorbeugenden Unterlassungsklage.