Ketamine의 뇌(腦) Norepinephrine함량(含量)과 혈장(血漿) Corticosterone치(値) 변동(變動)에 미치는 Reserpine과 Cocaine의 영향(影響)

김양숙(Yang Sook Kim),김학열( Hak Ryul Kim),천연숙(Yun Sook Cheon) 대한약리학회 1983 대한약리학잡지 Vol.19 No.1

Ketamine이 백서(白鼠)의 전뇌(全腦)와 심장조직중(心臟組織中)의 NE함량(含量)과 혈장(血漿) corticosterone치(値) 변동(變動)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하고 아울러 reserpine 및 cocaine을 전처치(前處置)하고 ketamine의 효과(效果)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 정상(正常) mouse에 ketamine 5mg, 10mg, 20mg 및 40m1/kg를 각각(各各) 투여(投與)한 후(後) 30분(分)에 측정(測定)한 혈장(血漿) corticosterone치(値)는 약물(藥物)의 투여양(投與量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 점차적으로 상승(上昇)되며, 20mg/kg와 40mg/kg에서는 더욱 현저(顯著)하였다. 2) ketamine은 투여후(投與後) 30분(分) 및 60분(分)에 전뇌(全腦)와 심장조직중(心臟組織中)의 NE함량(含量)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 3) ketamine에 의(依)한 혈장(血漿) corticosterone치(値)는 reserpine 36시간(時間) 전처치(前處置)로 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였고, cocaine 15분(分) 전처치(前處置)로는 별(別) 변화(變化)를 볼 수 없었다. 4) ketamine에 의(依)한 전뇌(全腦)와 심장조직중(心臟組織中)의 NE함량(含量)은 reserpine 전처치(前處置)로 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였고, cocaine 전처치(前處置)로는 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. The influences of reserpine and cocaine on the changes of brain ana cardiac norepinephrine (NE) contents and plasma corticosterone level induced by ketamine in mice were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1) Various doses(5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg/kg) of ketamine gradually increased the plasma corticosterone levels in 30 minutes, especially 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose treatments markedly increased the levels. 2) Brain and cardiac NE contents were decreased in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after ketamine treatment. 3) The plasma corticosterone level induced by ketamine was decreased by reserpine pretrement(36 hr.) but not affected by cocaine pretreatment(15 min.). 4) Brain and cardiac NE contents induced by ketamine were decreased by reserpine pretreatment, but increased by cocaine pretreatment.

교사의 학산적 발문이 있는 대화학습이 유아의 그림 표현능력 신장에 미치는 영향

김양숙(Kim Yang-Sook),이미숙(Lee Mi-Sook) 가톨릭대학교 생활과학연구소 2004 생활과학연구논집 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of conversational learning with teacher's divergent questions on the improvement of children's painting expression capabilities. The subjects of this study were 40 (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group) children with 5-year-old in one kindergarten of Kimpo City. This study used the modified Painting Expression Capabilities Evaluation Criteria used by Geum-Seon Lee (1999). The painting expression capabilities of children were scaled in six areas (line, shape, color, content, dynamism, and creativity). The result of this study were as follows; Children in the experimental group who experienced conversational learning with teacher's divergent questions showed better painting expression capabilities (line, shape, color, content, dynamism, and creativity) than those who belonged to the control group. Therefore, teachers need to make the most of conversational learning with divergent questions in children's educational fields to improve their painting expression capabilities.

유방암 생존자의 장기간 복합 운동중재에 따른 기능적 체력과 골밀도의 변화

김양숙(Yang-Sook Kim),김미숙(Mi-Sook Kim) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.7

본 연구는 유방암 절제술을 받은 40-60대의 기혼 중년을 대상으로 복합운동을 1년간 실시하여 골다공증약과 운동을 병행한 군과 운동군으로 나누어 기능적 체력과 골밀도에 미치는 효과를 분석하고 이에 따른 효과적인 운동프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 대상자총 24명을 두군으로 나누어, 이중 18명은 골감소증과 골다공증 범위(T-score=-2.2±0.8)에 있으며 복합운동만을 실시하였다. 나머지 6명은 골다공증진단(T-score=-4.6±0.9)을 받고 골다공증약(Alendronate 70 ㎎/주 당)을 처방 받아 복용하면서 복합운동을 병행하여 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, 기능적 체력 요소 중 좌전굴, 악력, 윗몸일으키기에서는 시기간에 유의한 향상을 보였다. 12개월 후, 골밀도의 변화는 복합운동군(N=18)에서는 변화가 없었으며, 복합운동과 골다공증약 복용(N=6)을 병행하고 있는 그룹은 유의한 개선을 나타냈다. 따라서 하타요가, 탄성밴드 및 볼 운동이 포함된 장기간 점진적 강도의 복합운동프로그램이 유방암절제술 여성의 기능적 체력의 개선 및 골밀도 지연에 효과가 있었고, 특히 운동과 골다공증약을 병행한 그룹에서 골다공증개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으므로, 유방암 수술 후 회복기 운동프로그램으로 적극 활용할 수 있도록 제안한다. 앞으로 대상자 수를 늘려 골다공증약과 운동과의 병행관계를 심층적으로 연구하고, 유방암 수술 후 운동중재프로그램의 유형 및 강도를 달리하여 유방암과 골밀도 및 운동과의 관련성을 연구 해 볼 필요가 있겠다. The study was to provide basic data and to examine the effect of combined exercise for 12 months on functional fitness and bone mineral density (BMD) in breast cancer survivors. The subjects of this study were 40 to 60-year-old married women (N=24) who finished their treatments chemotherapy and radiation therapy. They were divided into two groups that exercise group and exercise with alendronate group. Eighteen (T-score=-2.2±0.8) of the 24 women who were diagnosed osteopenia (N=15) and osteoporosis (N=3), participated in combined exercise (EG). The other six (T-score=-4.6±0.9) women who were diagnosed as osteoporosis (EDG), participated in the combined exercise program with osteoporosis drug (Alendronate 70 mg/w). The result of the analysis was as follows: Twelve months after, the participants (N=24) had a significant increase of the items such as sit and reach ups, grip strength (R and L) and sit ups test of functional fitness in the periods. In body composition, FM (fat mass) had significant decrease in periods. In the comparison of BMD, EG (N=18) had no change, while EDG (N=6) had significant improvement in L1, T12 and T-score after 12months. Consequently, complex exercise program (Hatha yoga, elastic band, gym ball) had positive effect on functional fitness and bone mineral density. We suggest that complex exercise program can be applied as recovery program after breast cancer surgery. Further research needs various and repetitive studies from more different targets or methods in the exercise program for its improvement.

“국가 공인 돌봄 전문가”와 “조선족 이모”: 이주민과 비이주민 돌봄 노동자들의 저항과 한계

김양숙(Kim, Yang-Sook) 한국이민학회 2022 한국이민학 = Korean journal of international migration Vol.9 No.1

한국 사회는 한반도와 그 디아스포라로부터 여성의 저임금 노동력을 지속적으로 차출함으로써 소비자 위주의 시장 지향적 저임금 돌봄 체계를 지탱하고 있다. 특히나 노인 돌봄 영역은 사회 경제적으로 주변화되어 있는 중고령의 비이주민과 이주민, 특히 중국동포 여성들의 값싼 노동력에 의지하고 있는 것이 우리 사회의 현실이다. 이 연구는 이렇게 시장화된 돌봄 체계 안에서 각기 다른 사회적 위치를 점하는 비이주민과 중국동포 여성, 이 두 그룹의 여성 돌봄 노동자들이 자신들의 노동을 착취하는 신자유주의적 전략과 돌봄 노동에 대한 지속적인 사회적, 제도적 저평가(devaluation) 속에서도 자신들의 일에 대안적 의미와 가치를 부여함으로써 돌봄 노동자로서의 정치적 주체성을 형성하면서 저항하고 있음을 보인다. 그러나 동시에 이 연구는 이들이 돌봄 노동자로서 주체성을 형성하는 과정이 인종적/민족적 경계를 짓고 차이를 생산, 타자를 구성하는 방식과 근본적으로 연결되어 있음을 또한 보임으로써, 어떻게 억압 받는 여성 노동자들이 한편으로는 역설적으로 불평등의 재생산에 기여하게 되는지를 설명한다. The alleged “care crisis” in South Korea has had disproportionate impacts, with multifaceted challenges, on various subordinated groups, especially poor and working-class women in Korea and its diaspora. South Korea introduced the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI), a publicly funded long-term care policy to cope with the rapid aging of its population, yet it maintains the systemic devaluation of care. On the one hand, the market-based long-term care policy has relied excessively on women’s low-waged labor, coercing women to work in the formalized care sector to be rightful citizens. On the other hand, migrant women from diasporic communities who strive for better livelihoods have been relegated to racialized women who fit “dirty work” in Korea’s secondary labor market to fulfill the unmet needs under the LTCI. Drawing upon ethnographic data collected from Greater Seoul, this study examines how two groups of low-paid care workers, who are stratified into different sectors of the care labor market along gender, ethnicity, migration, and citizenship line, form agentic political subjectivities. Through a comparative analysis of two different groups, I analyze how low-paid care workers who do similar work but are unequally positioned give meaning to their work and cultivate a sense of worth, entitlement, and dignity in relation to other care workers as well as vis-à-vis the state. In doing so, this study shows how the workers themselves strategically embody some parts of the imposed ideal while adapting and organizing to resist the continuing devaluation of their work.

급식소 식품접촉표면 위생 모니터링 도구로서의 ATP Luminometer 적합성 확인

김양숙(Yang-Sook Kim),문혜경(Hey-Kyung Moon),강성일(Seong-Il Kang),남은정(Eun-Jeong Nam) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.11

창원시 소재 단체급식소 4개소에서 사용하는 칼(12 ㎠), 도마(100 ㎠), 고무장갑(손바닥과 손가락 사이)의 표면을 대상으로 ATP Luminometer와 일반세균수용 건조필름을 이용한 미생물 배양법을 함께 적용하여 ATP(RLU)와 APC(CFU)을 측정하였다. 통계분석 결과, 3가지 조리도구 모두에서 ATP(RLU)와 APC(CFU) 간에 유의적인 양의 상관성이 존재하였다. 각 도구별 상관계수는 칼 0.84(p<0.001), 도마 0.79(p<0.001), 고무장갑 0.78(p<0.001)로 나타났다. 본 실험은 단체급식 현장에 적합한 ATP Luminometer 가이드라인을 설정하기에 앞서 실시간적인 표면 위생 모니터링 도구로서의 사용 적합성을 살펴 본 예비실험이며, 도출된 회귀식을 이용하여 도구별 ATP(RLU) 가이드라인을 설정하고 검증할 예정이다. The purpose of this study was to verify feasibility of using a ATP Luminometer, real-time hygiene monitoring tool for food contact surfaces in foodservices. For this, 54 cutting boards, 70 knives, 21 rubber gloves in 4 institutional foodservices were studied. ATP (RLU: relatively light unit) values by ATP Luminometer were compared with APC (CFU: colony forming unit) of swabbing culture method using aerobic count plates of 3M petrifilm. ATP ranged from 0 RLU/㎠ to 64693 RLU/㎠ on knives, from 0.1 RLU/㎠ to 6743.6 RLU/㎠ on cutting boards and from 31 RLU/㎠ to 465635 RLU/㎠ on the rubber gloves. APC ranged from 0 CFU/㎠ to 166667 CFU/㎠ on knives, from 0 CFU/㎠ to 1000 CFU/㎠ on cutting boards and from 0 CFU/㎠ to 730000 CFU/㎠ on the rubber gloves. To express the degree of association between ATP and APC, a linear regression was performed. There were significant positive correlations found between log RLU and log CFU on the knives (r=0.84, p<0.001), the cutting boards (r=0.79, p<0.001), the rubber gloves (r=0.78, p<0.001). Results of this study showed the possibility that ATP bioluminescence technique can be used as the monitoring tool for surface hygiene in foodservices.

연구논문 : 학교급식의 가열조리후처리 음식(오징어채소무침)에 대한 미생물학적 품질 평가

김양숙 ( Yang Sook Kim ),문혜경 ( Hye Kyung Moon ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2014 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

A microbiological quality evaluation on cooked food, food materials and cooking equipment was conducted in 14 school food services in Changwon area, South Korea for Ojingeochaesomoochim (vegetable salad with blanched squid) which went through cooking process after heating treatment. Only 5 schools out of the 14 (35.7%) observed the sanitization criteria of the Korean School Meals Sanitization Management for raw vegetables (concentration of chlorine solution: 100ppm, immersion time of sanitizing: 5 min). The acceptance rates regarding the microbial standards for Korean school meals showed improvement before and after of sanitization: for onions 57.1% vs 71.4%; cucumber 42.9% vs. 78.6%. However, garlic showed adverse sanitizing effect as the acceptance rate went down from 42.9% to 35.7%. Blanched squid and red pepper paste was acceptable in all 14 schools (100%), while squid seasoned with red pepper powder was acceptable in only 42.9% of the schools. Microbial results for knives, cutting boards, mixing bowls were satisfactory, however 35.7% of sanitary gloves that were put on right before the seasoning showed poor sanitization, and this indicated high probability of cross-contamination from the gloves. We calculated that 57.1% of the cooked foods were in accordance with the microbial standards for Korean school meals. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to have verification process, especially on the effectiveness of sanitization of raw vegetables, in cooking foods through cooking process after heating treatment in HACCP system of school food service

DEA 모형을 이용한 항공사 운용효율성 분석체계 연구

김양숙(Yang Sook Kim),윤문길(Moon Gil Yoon) 한국항공대학교 경영연구소 2008 산업과 경영 Vol.15 No.1

Air Transportation industry has grown very rapidly and will continue to grow in high speed. However, the current change in the business environment is causing difficulty in operation of airlines. For this reason, a relative operational efficiency is becoming more important because the airlines need better strategy for efficient operation and have to improve the international competitiveness. DEA model is used in order to analyze the airlines operational efficiency. This study provides the analysis of the efficiency in airlines from all over the world. This research will help each airline to identify its position in the industry, its strength and weakness and furthermore help the airline to establish its strategy and set the direction for the future.

경북지역 테마마을 방문객의 식사관련 서비스 품질 기대와 만족에 관한 연구

김양숙(Kim Yang Suk),이인선(Lee In Seon),김행란(Kim Haeng Ran),최정숙(Choe Jeong Sook) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2006 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

학교급식 HACCP 검증 체크리스트 개선 -오징어채소무침을 중심으로-

김양숙 ( Yang Sook Kim ),문혜경 ( Hye Kyung Moon ),정혜진 ( Hye Jin Jeong ) 대한영양사협회 2012 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study was the improvement and modification of the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices. For this, the HACCP verification checklist was modified on the basis of an existing school foodservice format. The modified checklist was composed of 28 items, including CCPs (critical control points), microbial test, and other components of the HACCP system than CCPs. To confirm the suitability of the modified checklist, comparisons were made based on the microbiological quality of cooked foods, utensils, and number of aerial microbes in the working area. In this study, the applicability of the modified checklist was determined by focusing on cooked squid with seasoned fresh vegetables (Ojingeochaesomoochim). The following results were obtained from 14 schools in Changwon. The checklist scores for maintaining hot foods over 60oC or serving within 2 hours, microbial tests of drinking water, food contact surfaces and cooking utensils, monitoring tools, and usage of suitable sanitizers were 2 points each (The possible highest score is 2 points). On the contrary, the checklist score for microbial test of cooked foods was the lowest of all the items. The correlation coefficient (r) between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooked foods was 0.699 (P<0.01), whereas that between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooking utensils was 0.612 (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the improved checklist and aerial plate count in the working area was -0.556 (P<0.05). Our results indicate the potential possibility of using the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices.

학교 급식용 친환경 및 일반농법 채소류의 미생물적 품질 비교

김양숙 ( Yang Sook Kim ),문혜경 ( Hye Kyung Moon ) 대한영양사협회 2010 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine basic information on the microbiological quality of environmentally friendly vegetables used in school foodservices. Comparisons were made on the microbiological quality of eight different kinds of vegetables grown by environmentally friendly agricultural methods and ordinary agricultural methods to determine if there were significant differences. In the raw materials, aerobic plate counts were as follows: lettuce 4.58∼7.43 log CFU/g, winter plowing chinese cabbage 5.61∼7.36 log CFU/g, Korean leek 5.81 log CFU/g to TNTC (too numerous to Count), cabbage 5.93∼6.43 log CFU/g, sesame leaves 3.15∼5.23 log CFU/g, cucumber 5.00∼5.79 log CFU/g, cherry tomato 2.96∼5.40 log CFU/g, paprika 1.30∼3.52 log CFU/g. In the comparison of the microbiological quality between environmentally friendly and ordinary agricultural vegetables, their acceptable ratio was the same (81.3%) and the mean aerobic plate counts was not significantly different. In the comparison of the microbiological quality between the leafy vegetables and the fruity vegetables, the fruity vegetables had a 100% acceptable ratio regardless of the agricultural method used to grow them, while the leafy vegetables had an acceptable ratio of 70%. In terms of the aerobic plate counts, the leafy vegetables had significantly higher counts; the leafy vegetables 5.87±1.18 log CFU/g, the fruity vegetables 4.12±1.54 log CFU/g.