탄소복합필터의 triacetin 함량 분석

김수호,고동균,김정열,이동욱,신창호,김종열,Kim Soo-Ho,Ko Dongkyun,Kim Chung Ryul,Lee Dong-Wook,Shin Chang-Ho,Kim Jong-Yeol 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Glycerol triacetate(triacetin) is the currently used common plasticizer in the making filters from cellulose acetate tow. For the mono acetate filter, the determination of triacetin contents is already established by CORESTA recommended method (No. 59). But unfortunately, the analytical method of triacetin in the activated carbon filter have not reported so far. In this study, it was established the analytical method of carbon filter's triacetin contents at various extraction conditions, bath ratio and internal standard materials. The confidential level appeared above $95\%$ when the extraction time, ISTD material and bath ratio was 3 hours, tripropionin and below 500 mg activated carbon / 50 $m\ell$ ethanol, respectively. Also, in the distribution of triacetin with filter materials in activated carbon filters, the triacetin amount was the most contained in activated carbon. Therefore, this method can be applied to the determination of triacetin contents in the activated carbon filter.

사이클론 연소기에서 무연탄 입자크기에 따른 연소 특성

김수호,황갑성,김성수,홍성선 ( Soo Ho Kim,Kap Sung Hwang,Sung Soo Kim,Sung Son Hong ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.3

연소시 어려움이 많은 저급의 국내 무연탄을 입도별로 분류한(335, 200, 127, 90, 50㎛) 후 수직형 사이클론 연소기를 이용하여 공기공급비를 조절하며 석탄의 연소실험을 실행하여 입도에 따른 회분의 포집효율, 온도분포 및 연소효율을 조사하였다. 연소로 내의 온도 분포는 입경이 200㎛보다 큰 시료에서는 공기비 1.2에서 그리고 127㎛보다 작은 시료에서는 공기비 1.4에서 가장 높은 온도를 나타내고 회분의 포집효율은 공기비 증가에 따라 증가하였으며 연소효율은 입경이 작아질수록 증가되었다. The combustion characteristics of low grade anthracites having different particle size were studied by using the vertical-type cyclone combustor. The sample coals were sieved to have different particle size(335, 200, 127, 90, 50㎛). The combustion characteristics were obtained from temperature profile, amount of ash and unburned carbon, and nitrogen oxides[NO_x] in exhaust gas. The highest temperature in combustion chamber was recorded at air ratio of 1.2 for the samples larger than 200㎛ and at air ratio of 1.4 far the smaller than 127㎛. The value of carbon burnout was decreased with increasing the particle size, and the maximum value of that was obtained at air ratio of 1.4 in all sample. The NO_x emission of the effluent gas was increased with decreasing the particle size and increasing the air ratio as well as temperature.

항산화 필터 제조 및 주류연중 free radicals 제거 효과

김수호,차성제,심원택,정봉수,서만석,송인범,장행현,신창호,김종열,김정열,최윤주,Kim, Soo-Ho,Cha, Sung-Je,Shim, Weon-Tack,Cheong, Bong-Su,Seo, Man-Seok,Song, In-Beom,Jang, Hang-Hyun,Shin, Chang-Ho,Kim, Jong-Yeol,Kim, Chung-Ryul,Choi, Yoo 한국연초학회 2009 한국연초학회지 Vol.31 No.1

This study describes the manufacturing method of antioxidant filter and evaluate the reduction of free radical and biological activity from mainstream smoke. When we used spray-brush for the application of antioxidant solution to the filter, cv(coefficient of variation) levels of antioxidant added to filter ranged within 3 %, which means stable and constant feeding process. 0.3~0.5mg per cigarette of antioxidant were sprayed to acetate and active carbon part in the filter plug, respectively. It was considered that the use of antioxidant added filter resulted in the reduction of the gaseous compounds of free radicals from 17 % to 19 % in the mainstream smoke. Variation for removal efficiency of free radical in antioxidant filter added to acetate part was more pronounced than that of filter added to active carbon part. Smoking deliveries of tar, nicotine for the antioxidant added filters were similar when comparing to the non-antioxidant added filter, but the delivering amounts of isoprene were significantly reduced. The estimation of consumed GSH(glutathion) showed that the gaseous toxicity of the antioxidant added filter was 14 % ~ 23 % lower than that of non-antioxidant added filter. No significant differences were observed for the total taste quality in sensory evaluation.

셀롤로오스 아세테이트 필터의 특성곡선 예측

김수호,임성진,김정열,신창호,이문수,김종열,Kim Soo-HO,Lim Sung-Jin,Kim Chung-Ryul,Shin Chang-Ho,Rhee Moon-Soo,Kim Jong-Yeol 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.2

A theoretical model for predicting the capability curve of cellulose acetate filter is derived. The pressure drop is expressed as a function of the filter dimensions, the tow fiber characteristics, the filter weight, the fluid flow rate, and a filter fiber factor. Where, the filter fiber factor is affected by the distribution of the tow fibers within the filter, the relative orientations of the tow fibers, and their cross-sectional shapes. The minimum and maximum fraction of solids in capability curves determined from experimental data. Also, the filter fiber factor is expressed as a function of the filter length, tow fiber length, and tow fiber diameter. Capability curves predicted by the suggested model in this work correspond well with capability curves by experimental data.

저부류연 궐련지의 이화학적 특성과 주 $\cdot$ 부류연 연기성분 이행특성

김수호,고동균,임희진,신창호,이영택,김정열,이동욱,김종열,Kim Soo-Ho,Ko Dongkyun,Lim Heejin,Shin Chang-Ho,Lee Young-Taek,Kim Chung Ryul,Lee Dong-Wook,Kim Jong-Yeol 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of additives in low sidestream cigarette papers, such as Mg$(OH)__2,\;TiO_2\;and\;KH_{2}PO_4$ on the delivery of mainstream and sidestream smoke. From the analysis of tar and nicotine in sidestream and mainstream smoke, the delivered ratios of tar and nicotine by sidestream to mainstream smoke in common cigarette paper were 5.32 and 8.60, respectively. However, the delivered ratios of those of the paper containing $Mg(OH)_2\;were\;2.25\~3.23,\;4.86\~7.14,\;Mg(OH)_2\;and\;KH_{2}PO_4\;were\;2.12\~2.92,\;4.67\~6.89,\;TiO_2\;was\;3.21,\;7.51 $ respectively. The deliver patterns of semi-volatile components in the cigarettes were similar each there, but a slight different pattern in the amount was observed depending on the kinds of compounds added in cigarette papers. In the cigarettes made of $Mg(OH)_2$ added paper, the aromatic components such as benzene, toluene and phenol were generated more while the aliphatic components like neophytadiene, ethyl decanoate were delivered less than the cigarettes made of common cigarette papers. However, the cigarettes manufactured with $Mg(OH)_2\;and\;KH_2PO_4$ added paper showed an opposite trend. The cigarettes made of $TiO_2$ added paper showed relatively low delivery in the most compounds measured. In sensory evaluation, cigarette papers tested were noticed a distinguishable sensory character between the low sidestream smokes with additive cigarette papers except $TiO_2$ added one. Moreover, aroma patterns detected by a electronic nose system in TPM were a similar tendency.

중세의 교회선법과 조성음악의 융합과정에 대한 분석 연구- 선법재료의 조성음악적 활용과 융합을 중심으로 -

김수호(Kim, Soo-ho) 한국문화융합학회 2017 문화와 융합 Vol.39 No.4

The objective of this research is to examine understandable and practical method to use church modals in Soo-ho Kim’s composition, “The Lord’s Prayer II” which is a mixed chorus in four parts. By the examination of the method to compose the piece, which is a combination of modality in medieval music and tonality in contemporary music, the author presents the possibility of interdisciplinary research between music theory and music composition. The uniqueness of musical language of each era is kept and handed down to next generation. The next generation develops it into new musical. It is truly significant that one composes new creation by blending and merging different distinctive musical languages which are extracted from each different eras. It is valuable to merge the medieval modality used for thousand years with the contemporary tonality in terms of combining a melodic elegance and vertical harmonic structure. At the same time it can be a phenomenon to create new musical of contemporary art music as interdisciplinary research within music field. As a result, this research will present the practical theory rather than abstract concepts of medieval music in terms of pedagogical aspect, and introduce the potentials of many different orientations of new creation based on medieval music in contemporary music. 본 논문의 목적은 김수호의 혼성합창곡 <주님의 기도 Ⅱ>를 통하여 중세 교회 선법의 쉬운 이해와 선법의 실질적 활용에 있으며 고음악 이론이 한 시대에 국한되어 머무르지 않고 시대를 초월하여 현대의 조성음악과 조화를 이뤄 새로운 음악어법으로 탄생되는 과정을 연구함으로써 시대가 다른 음악어법과 융합이 가능함을 제시한다. 각 시대마다의 음악어법은 독특함을 유지하며 다음 시대로 전달되고, 그 다음 시대에서는 전 시대의 음악어법을 또 다른 방법으로 발전시켜 새로운 음악어법으로 탄생되게 되는데, 이러한 시대별 각 음악어법의 중요한 특징을 추출하여 서로 다른 시대의 음악어법과 조화, 융합시킴으로써 또 다른 창작에 도전하는 것은 매우 뜻 깊은 일이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 중세 천 년 이상 사용되어 온 교회선법을 현대조성음악과 융합시킴으로써 중세의 선율선의 유려함과 조성음악의 수직화성체계에서 느낄 수 있는 풍부한 화성을 동시에 표출하는 새로운 음악어법의 탄생은 매우 의미 있고 가치가 있는 일이라 생각하며 음악융합의 한 모습을 보여주는 것이라 생각한다. 이러한 선법재료와 조성음악이 조화를 이루는 과정에서 두 시대별 음악어법에서의 나름 아쉽고 부족한 부분이 서로 충족되는 결과를 가져오게 되어 보다 신선한 음악어법으로 재탄생 항 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 새로운 창작에 많은 방향성을 제시할 것이며 또한 교육적 인 측면에서 고음악 이론의 실질적 활용을 제안하여 보다 고음악의 이론이 실제 음악에 활용될 수 있는 계기가 되리라 생각한다.

부적합 엽맥편이 궐련의 연소중 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향

김수호,박진원,김종열,이문수,Kim Soo-Ho,Park Won-Jin,Kim Jong-Yeol,Rhee Moon-Soo 한국연초학회 2006 한국연초학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In order to improve the final product quality, tobacco industry has gradually decreased the size and number of steams in the cigarette. Especially, steams bigger than $3{\times}3$ mm($length{\times}thickness$) and $2{\times}10$ mm($width{\times}length$) are not acceptable in the process as objectionable stems. A total number of 12 samples where the $length{\times}tickness$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($3{\times}3$ mm) with 1 mm up to $1{\times}1$ mm, and the $width{\times}length$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($2{\times}10$ mm) with 2 mm up to $2{\times}6$ mm for the stems in leaf and stems in expanded cut-tobacco were prepared to apply a fire ball drop test using stems. In addition, cigarettes were produced for these stems in order to analyze the forced fire ball drop including the burning, encapsulation and unencapsulation pressure drop and a single or unspecified direction combustion. Based on the results of the test, it was evident that the fire ball drop in the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a lower level than that of the stems in leaf. Also, the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a larger swelling and higher burning for a single direction than that of the stem in leaf. In addition, it was considered that the management criteria for objectionable stems should be changed as $3{\times}3$ mm and $2{\times}8$ mm for the $length{\times}thickness$ and $width{\times}length$ sample, respectively, in both steams in leaf and expanded cut-tobacco.

필터 생분해성 증진을 위한 종자 필터 개발 및 적용 효과

김수호,김민규,황의일,한영림,이창국,여운형,Kim, Soo-Ho,Kim, Min-Kyu,Hwang, Eui-Il,Han, Young-Rim,Lee, Chang-Kuk,Yeo, Woon-Hyung 한국연초학회 2014 한국연초학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Cigarette filters containing Brassica Rapa L. seeds of the dark brown and round shaped were evaluated to determine the effect of seed addition on filter degradability. The seeds with germination capability under the tar/nicotine condition in the preliminary test, were put into the active carbon part of the filter(12mm) during filter rod making by the kit. The $4{\pm}2$ pieces of the seeds were put into the opened fiber bundle of the filter tow. In order to test the germination rate of the seeds, seed filters were placed either in a petri dish or test-pot in a conditioned area ($25^{\circ}C$, 70 % RH). The seed filters were placed outdoors exposed to natural conditions with the periodic water supply. The seeds in the smoked filters showed 90 % germination rate after a month under the open air condition. No significant differences in the sensory evaluation and analysis were obtained when the control sample was compared to the same cigarettes with the seeds.

석탄의 종류 , 농도 및 첨가제가 석탄 - 물 혼합연료의 유동특성에 미치는 영향

김수호,황갑성,홍성선 ( Soo Ho Kim,Kap Sung Hwang,Song Sun Hong ) 한국공업화학회 1997 공업화학 Vol.8 No.4

석탄의 종류와 농도 및 CWM의 유동성을 증가시키기 위해 첨가되는 계면활성제와 전해질이 CWM의 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 탄종에 따른 CWM의 점도는 O/C 비가 높을 수록 높게 나타났다. 또한 CWM은 항복응력을 갖는 비뉴톤유체의 특성을 나타내며, 항복응력은 농도가 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다. 첨가제로 사용된 계면활성제에 따른 CWM의 유동특성은 첨가되는 계면활성제의 농도에 관계없이 n< 1인 pseudoplastic의 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 전해질의 투입량이 증가할수록 n은 1로 접근하여 CWM이 뉴톤유체에 접근하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전해질을 0.05wt.% 이상 첨가하였을 때는 항복응력이 나타나지 않았다. We investigated that how both the type and the concentration of coal and the surfactant and the electrolyte added to increase the fluidity of CWM influence rheological characteristics. According to the type of coal, the viscosity of CWM was increased with increasing O / C ratio. Also, the CWM was represented the property of non-Newtonian fluid, having yield stress which was linerarly increased with increasing coal concentration. According to the surfactant used as an additive, the rheological characteristics of CWM was represented the pseudoplastic property as n < 1 without relating to the concentration of added surfactants. Also, according to the increase of the amount of electrolyte, n was nearly approached 1. Therfore, we found that CWM opproched Newtonian fluid and that when more than 0.05wt.% of electrolyte were added, yield stress was not shown up.

실시간 대중교통 경로안내를 위한 Space Time Point 모델의 설계와 구현

김수호,주용진,박수홍,Kim, Soo-Ho,Joo, Yong-Jin,Park, Soo-Hong 한국공간정보학회 2012 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.20 No.3

최근 환경문제로 인해 보행, 자전거, 대중교통과 같은 친 환경 교통수단에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 보행과 자전거는 경우에 따라 장거리 이동이 불가능하기 때문에 이용범위가 제한적이라는 단점이 있다. 반면에 대중교통은 교통체증이라는 사회적 문제점까지 해결할 수 있는 교통수단이다. 이러한 대중교통은 시간에 따라 운행여부가 달라진다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 하지만 현재 웹상에서 서비스중인 대중교통정보 안내 서비스는 이러한 특징을 반영하지 못하기 때문에 경우에 따라 사용자에게 잘못된 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 한계점을 해결하고 대중교통의 운행정보를 고려한 정보제공을 위해 본 연구에서는 STP(Space Time Point)데이터 모델을 제안하였다. STP데이터 모델은 객체의 최하위 개념을 포인트 단위로 인식하고 이들을 계층적으로 구성하여 객체를 표현할 수 있으며, 기존의 시공간 데이터 모델과는 달리 시간에 따라 객체정보가 변하는 다양한 동적 공간객체의 구현이 가능하다. 대전지역을 대상으로 대중교통 운행정보로 버스 및 지하철에 대한 STP모델을 설계 및 구축하고 이를 이용하여 동적 경로 안내 기능을 구현하였다. 구현한 경로안내 기능을 통해 대전국립현충원에서 한남대학교로 가는 경로를 시간대별로 탐색해 본 결과 대중교통의 운행에 제한이 발생하는 심야시간에는 운행이 제한되는 노선을 우회하는 경로를 안내함으로써 시간에 따라 서로 다른 경로를 나타내었다. 이는 기존 데이터 모델에서는 제공할 수 없는 결과로 실시간 운행정보를 고려한 경로안내가 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 기능은 실시간 교통정보나 통행이력정보등과 같은 다양한 데이터 모델의 적용을 통해 추가적인 기능 확장이 가능할 것으로 기대한다. Recent environmental concerns have made interest in environment-friendly transportation means such as walking, biking, and public transportation. However, since it is difficult to move long distance by walking or biking, their scope of application is rather limited. On the other hand, public transportation can solve traffic congestion, a recent social issue, though its usability may depend on its time schedule. Currently available information services on public transportation in the Web do not reflect well such traits of the public transportation; thus, in some cases, they may provide wrong information to end users. To solve such problems and provide information based on timetable of public transportations, this paper proposes a STP(Space Time Point) data model. Unlike existing space-time data models, this model recognizes the bottommost element of an object as a point and structures these points in hierarchical way to define an object. In particular, It can make it possible to implement a variety of dynamic spatial objects changing object information according to time. An objective of this study is to design a STP model for bus and subway based on timetables of public transportation in Daejeon area and builds a system to provide path navigation. With the designed navigation function, a path from the Daejeon National Cemetery to Hannam University was searched by time slot. The result showed that the system provided different paths by time, as the system guided different paths when bus operation was limited in midnight. As existing data model could not provide such results, it is confirmed that the system can provide path navigation based on real-time traffic information. It is expected that based on such functionality, it is possible to provide additional functionalities by applying diverse data models such as real-time transport information or traffic history information.