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가축분 퇴비 시용 농경지 내 Tetracyclines 내성균 분포 특성
김송엽 ( Song Yeob Kim ),김장환 ( Jang Hwan Kim ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.4
BACKGROUND: Large amount of veterinary antibiotics have been used in the livestock industry to prevent diseases and promote growth. These antibiotics are excreted through feces and urine in unchanged form and reach to agricultural fields via application of the livestock manure based composts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of tetracyclines-resistant bacteria in the soil received livestock manure compost for a long term. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tetracyclines (tetracycline TC, chlortetracycline CTC, and oxytetracycline OTC) resistance bacteria in the soil of rice-onion field applied pig manure compost (PM), in the soil of grass-rye field received cow manure compost (CM), and in the soil of rice field applied inorganic fertilizer (NPK) were determined. The soil received livestock manure composts clearly showed higher number of TC, CTC, and OTC resistance bacteria compared with the soil treated with inorganic fertilizer. The antibiotic resistant bacteria recovered appeared at 80 mg/L of tetracyclines was identified 1 specie, 6 genera 7 species,and 6 genera 7species in the soils received CM, PM, and NPK, respectively. The dominant resistant bacteria with the CM and PM application were Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus. CONCLUSION: The application of livestock manure compost in the agricultural field is likely to contribute the occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the agricultural environment.
장기연용 시비가 논 토양의 미생물 군집구조 변화에 미치는 영향
김송엽 ( Song Yeob Kim ),사란냐쿠푸사미 ( Saranya Kuppusamy ),김장환 ( Jang Hwan Kim ),윤영은 ( Young-eun Yoon ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
Using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the current study investigated how bacterial succession changed under different fertilizer regimes (unfertilized, compost, NPK, NPK + compost, PK, NK and NP) in a more than 45 year old paddy field trial (Figure 1). Of the selected treatment variables, application of compost enhanced soil fertility. Notably, long-term fertilization had no significant effects on soil microbial structure in paddy soils. The dominant bacterial communities were Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Further, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were substantially abundant in the compost and NPK + compost treatments. Findings of this study highlight that organic fertilizer amendment activates diverse groups of Gram positive microorganisms as compared with conventionally used chemical fertilizers. Abundance of Rhizobiales that directly influences rice growth through symbiosis or indirectly through nutrient cycling, and Methylococcales that combat greenhouse gas (methane) emission were high in treatments that received compost as compared to inorganic fertilizers amended and unfertilized treatments. This could further indicate that organic fertilizer may be used without detrimental effects on the promising soil microbial diversity in the long-term. Thus, long-term organic fertilizer application have a reasonable impact on beneficial bacterial community inhabiting the soil for the prospects of crop yield.
녹비작물 혼파비율에 따른 논 토양 탄소 저장 및 이화학적 특성 차이
최준혁(Jun Hyeock Choi),김송엽(Song Yeob Kim),최현지(Hyoen Ji Choe),윤영은(Young-Eun Yoon),김영남(Young-Nam Kim),이용복(Yong Bok Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
녹비작물은 토양 질 및 건강성 향상을 위해 휴작기에 널리 재배되고 있으며, 수확 후 환원을 통해 무기질 비료의 사용량을 감소시킬 수 있다. 녹비작물로 화본과 및 두과 작물을 주고 사용되고 있다. 화본과 작물은 C/N율이 높은 반면, 두과 작물은 C/N율은 낮고 뿌리혹박테리아와의 질소고정 효과로 토양 중 질소함량을 높일 수 있다. 이전에는 토양관리를 위해 녹비작물의 단파가 실행되어져 왔으며, 최근에는 녹비작물의 혼파로 인한 토양 질과 비옥도 증진 측면에 있어서 많은 장점이 보고되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 녹비작물인 헤어리베치와 보리를 선정하여, 다양한 혼파비율을 구성한 후 환원에 따른 논 토양의 탄소 저장 및 화학적 특성 변화를 알아보고, 토양 인자간 상호관계를 평가하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구의 포사시험 처리구는 보리(B)와 헤어리베치(HV)의 혼파비율에 따라 구성하였다: 헤어리베치 100%(B0), 헤어리베치(75%)-보리(25%) (B25), 헤어리베치(25%)-보리(75%) (B75), 보리 100%(B100) 및 무기질 비료(NPK). 그리고 각 처리구의 녹비작물의 환원은 지난 10년 동안 연속으로 수행되었으며, 2020년 벼 수확 후 토양을 채취하여 토양 화학성을 분석평가·하였다. 토양 탄소 함량은 B0 > B25 > B75 > B100 = NPK 순으로 높았다. 토양 EC와 유효인산은 NPK 처리구에서 가장 높았으나, 녹비작물 처리구간 차이는 없었다. 교환성 Ca와 Mg 그리고 토양 pH는 보리파종 비율이 높아질수록 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합적으로 해석해 볼 때, 녹비작물 중 헤어리베치의 혼파비율이 증가할 때 토양 중 탄소 축적량이 증가하였는데 이는 헤어리베치 수확 후 환원에 의한 질소공급이 벼의 뿌리 활착과 생체량 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미친것으로 사료된다. 반면 보리의 혼파비율의 증가에 따라 토양 중 양분 함량이 증가하였다. 이는 헤어리베치보다 보리의 칼슘과 마그네슘 함량이 높기 때문에, 환원 시 분해되어 토양 중 양분 유효도를 증가시킨 것으로 보인다. 또한, 보리환원에 따른 교환성 Ca의 증가는 토양 산도에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다.
논 토양에서 장기연용 시비가 유용 미생물 군집구조에 미치는 영향
김장환 ( Jang Hwan Kim ),사란냐쿠푸사미 ( Saranya Kuppusamy ),김송엽 ( Song Yeob Kim ),윤영은 ( Young-eun Yoon ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
Balanced fertilization stimulate the beneficial soil microbial abundance, diversity and activity, and ultimately enhance the soil health as well as crop yield. In this study, forty-five years of fertilizer application (compost, NPK, NPK + compost, PK, NK and NP) in a paddy field soil in South Korea significantly altered the beneficial soil bacterial community structures, as assessed by pyrosequencing analysis. The major classified bacterial phyla for all treatments were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes with nutrient cycling potential. Major changes in the community composition of the Actinobacterial orders was not evident in the fertilized soils. However, positive influence of fertilization on the abundance of rest other dominant phyla were found. The known N-fixing and P-solubilizing Cyanobacteria, Thiobacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Bacillus diversity and richness significantly increased under long-term mineral and/or organic fertilizer applications, such as NP, PK, compost and NPK + compost. Supported by high throughput sequencing approach we hereby propose that the mechanism of N and P cycling under long-term balanced fertilization in a rice ecosystem is largely governed by microbes, notably by the free living N-fixing and/or P-solubilizing heterocystous and/or non-heterocystous cyanobacteria, autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Further, the current study warrants that balanced fertilizers may be used without detrimental effects on agricultural soils in the long-run. This knowledge would be valuable towards the better understanding of effective fertilization on the beneficial microbial community in agro-ecosystem (Table 1).