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      • 朝鮮時代 醫員의 변화와 自己意識 형성

        김성수(Seongsu Kim) 한국한의학연구원 2011 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.17 No.2

        In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光 - ) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people’s diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

      • KCI등재

        일반눈문 : 매체사로 다시 보는 북한문학: 『조선문학』 연구 서설

        김성수 ( Seongsu Kim ) 한국문학연구학회 2015 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.57

        이 논문에서는 북한문학의 대표 미디어 「조선문학」의 역사(1953.10~2015.7)를 서지 작업부터 편집 주체의 변모, 목차와 본문 배열 등 편집양식의 특징과 그 역사적 변모를 개괄적으로 정리하였다.1953년 10월창간된 조선작가동맹 기관지를 전수 조사하여, 제호, 판형, 표지, 조판과 표기방식, 간행횟수, 호별 간행일자, 호별 페이지수, 발행기관과 발행처, 편집진, 정가 등의 시기별 변모를 확인하였다.가령, 2015년 7월현재 813호인 누계는 1956년 1월호를 101호로 재규정한 데서 산정된 것이며, 창간 당시 세로쓰기 조판에 한글 전용(숫자만 한자) 표기였던 것이 1957년 2월호부터 가로쓰기 조판에 숫자도 한글 전용으로 정착되었고, 100~300쪽이었던 분량도 1975년 2월호부터 현재의 80쪽 체제로 고정되었음을 확인하였다.또한 「조선문학」의 편집원리 중 특히 목차 레이아웃과 본문 배열 및 특집(기획) 방식에 주목하였다.그 결과 편집진이 기관지 상급 기관인당과 작가동맹의 정책 변화에 따라 당 정책의 전달과 개인숭배의 선전기능에 치중된 편집양식을 보였음을 확인하였다.195,60년대 편집진은 때로는 선전 기능을 일부 줄이고 문예지적 지향을 보이기도 하였다.그러나 1967,8년, 주체사상이 정착되자 문예지 기능은 최소화하고 선전기능을 대폭 강화하는 편집 체제로 변경되었다.편집양식의 변화에 따라 메시지도 당 정책의 선전 수준을 넘어서 극단적인 개인숭배가 주를 이루었다.잡지의 월별 특집도 195,60년대에는 대표 작가, 당과 국가의기념일 위주에서 1970년대 이후에는 김일성과 그 집안사람의 기념일 위주로 변경되었다.1975년 80쪽 체제가 고정되면서 국가의 문학 관리 시스템이 문예지를 개인숭배 선전물로 고착화시킨 것이다. This paper presents an overview of characteristics of edit format (editorial style), such as transformation of editors, arrangement of table of contents and main text, etc., starting from biblical works in connection with history of Joseon Literature(From October 1953 to July 2015), one of the most prominent media in North Korean literature. Based on whole survey of publications of Joseon Writers`` League launched in October 1953, we examined transformation by time period, such as titles, format, covers, typesetting and transcriptional method, number of publication, date of publication by issue, number of pages by page, publishing organizations and agencies, editing team, fixed price, etc. For example, cumulative 813 issues in publication, as of July 2015, was calculated by redefining the January issue of 1956 as 101th issue. The vertical typesetting exclusive for Koreans(Chinese letters were limited to numbers) at the launch of the publication was shifted to horizontal typesetting exclusive for Koreans including the numbers from February issue of 1957. The volume ranging from 100 to 300 pages was reduced to current 80 pages from February issue of 1975. In addition, we paid attention particularly to the layout of tableof contents, arrangement of main text, and special feature (themed article) system in connection with editing principle of Joseon Literature. The results showed that the editing team designed edit format to be biased towards conveyance of party politics and propaganda functions of personality cult based on the policy shift of Writers`` League and party which is the upper-rank organization. The editing team in 1950s and 1960s sometimes curtailed propaganda functions and showed inclination for literary magazine characteristics. However, Juche ideology took root in the period between 1967 and 1968, leading to a shift towards an editing system that minimized functions of literary magazine and drastically expanded propaganda functions. As the edit format changes, the message contents were mostly comprised of extreme personality cult beyond the propaganda level of party politics. Monthly special features in 1950s and 1960s focused on prominent writers, anniversaries of parties and state, and had a preponderance of contents related to anniversaries of Kim Il-sung and his family members after 1970s. As the 80-page system was fixed in 1975, the state management system relegated literature magazine to propaganda materials for personality cult.

      • 중국진출 한국기업에서 인사부서의 전략적 참여와 기업성과간의 관계

        김성수(Seongsu Kim),이용진(Longzhen Li) 한국인사관리학회 2008 한국인사관리학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.1

        본 논문은 중국에 진출한 한국기업들을 대상으로 전략적 인사관리연구에서 중요시되고 있는 인사부서의 전략적 참여와 몰입형 인사시스템 및 기업성과 간의 관계를 연구하였다. 그리고 경쟁전략이 몰입형 인사시스템에 미치는 직접영향을 검증하고 또한 경쟁전략이 인사부서의 전략적 참여와 몰입형 인사시스템 간에 미치는 조절효과를 검증하였다. 연구 자료는 한국기업들이 가장 많이 진출한 중국 산동성 연태, 위해, 청도 지역에서 50인 이상을 고용하고 있는 130개 기업이었다. 다중회귀분석방법을 채택하여 자료를 분석하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 인사부서의 전략적 참여는 몰입형 인사시스템의 활용을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며 경쟁전략에서 차별화전략의 추구는 몰입형 인사시스템의 활용을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 몰입형 인사시스템의 활용은 기업성과를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 원가우위전략을 활용할수록 인사부서의 전략적 참여가 몰입형 인사시스템의 활용을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 중국진출 한국기업의 특수성과 관련되는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점과 한계 및 향후의 연구 과제를 논의하였다. In this paper, we studied the relationship between HR involvement and Firm performance at Korean firms operating in China. Additional studied the competitive strategy's impact on Commitment-based HR system and tested the competitive strategy's moderate role within the HR involvement with Commitment-based HR system. To test hypotheses, we collected data from Korean firms having least over50 employees operating in Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao in Shandong Province of China. Questionnaires were sent to 200 firms and 139 firms replied to the survey. After dropping questionnares that comtained unanswered items, the final sample size for this study used is 130. Using hierarchical regression analysis the data. Research result revealed as below. HR involvement and competitive strategy with Commitment-based HR system both have positive relationship and the Commitment-based HR system with firm performance have positive relationship. For contingency factor, competitive strategy have moderate the HR involvement with Commitment-based HR system. Detailed explain for the moderate results, the cost leadership strategy moderate the HR involvement with Commitment-based HR system in positively, and differentiation strategy moderate HR involvement with Commitment-based HR system in negatively but not significantly in statistics. these results may be caused of Chinese characteristics. Based on above results discussed research implication and described future research direction.

      • KCI등재

        한국 기업의 전략적 인사관리

        김성수(Seongsu Kim),박지성(Ji Sung Park),박미혜(Mihye Park) 한국인사조직학회 2014 인사조직연구 Vol.22 No.1

        지난 20년간 다수의 한국 기업들은 세계 시장에서 괄목할만한 성과를 거두어 왔다. 삼성전자는 매출액 기준으로 세계 최대의 기술회사(technology company)로 등극했고 현대자동차는 세계 자동차 시장점유율 10% 내외를 차지하여 세계 5위권의 자동차 제조기업으로 성장하였다. 이처럼 눈부신 한국 기업의 성장을 가능케 한 조직수준의 역량으로 실행력, 민첩성, 기술역량 등이 주목받고 있다. 이러한 역량의 개발은 우연히 이루어진 것이 아니고 세계 시장에서 경쟁하기 위해 한국 기업이 전략적으로 구축해온 것이며, 이 과정에서 인사부문이 중요한 역할을 수행하였다. 즉, 한국적 인사관리 방식을 통해 우수한 인재를 양성하고 성과주의에 입각한 동기부여를 통해 조직의 실행력, 민첩성, 기술역량을 높여온 것이다. 본 논문에서는 전략적 인사관리 연구문헌과 한국대표기업(삼성전자, 현대자동차)의 인사관리 방식을 연구하여 한국 기업의 인사관리특징과 성과를 설명한다. 그리고, 이를 기반으로 기존의 전략적 인사관리 연구들(특히 서구 중심의 전략적 인사관리 연구)이 간과해 왔던 연구 과제들을 제시한다. 즉, 기업의 인사관리가 조직역량(실행력, 민첩성, 기술역량)을 향상시킬 수 있다는 명제를 연구과제로 제시하고 이와 관련한 전략적 인사관리 분야의 연구 과제들을 살펴 본다. The rise of Korean companies in global markets is truly remarkable because they were relatively unknown and their competitiveness was quite low just 20 years ago. In order to change the company and boost its competitiveness, Samsung Electronics Company announced ‘New Management’ initiatives in 1993 and Chairman Lee Kun-hee called for complete changes of employees and organizations. New Management was followed by ‘New HR (Human Resource Management)’, which emphasized developing and acquiring top talent as well as performance-based evaluation and compensation systems. These all-out efforts transformed the company and, in 2013, Samsung Electronics Company became the biggest technology company with sales revenues topping $210 billion. Hyundai Motors Company followed a similar route by transforming its company from a relatively unknown car maker to one of the top five players in the global auto industry. Naturally much research has tried to identify the means by which these Korean companies have transformed themselves. Most of these studies found that Korean companies had unique organizational capabilities such as strong execution, agility, and technical competence that allowed them to excel rapidly. First, in terms of execution, Korean companies showed the ability to achieve what they planned to. Strong execution of Korean companies was possible because they strongly emphasized performance-based evaluations and compensation. It was also possible because Korean companies diligently developed and acquired global talent either through global talent development programs or global talent recruiting programs. Second, Korean companies are known for their agility which is considered highly important in this ever-changing competitive environment. Agility is the ability to swiftly reconfigure and adapt organizational resources and capabilities so the organization can better meet competitive challenges from markets and the environment in general. Sources of Korean companies' agility include intentionally loose definition of jobs which allows employees to tackle any problem in the team instead of just taking care of their own individual jobs. In fact, few Korean companies use job descriptions, allowing them to flexibly utilize employees according to the changing demands of markets. Third, Korean companies were able to catch up with companies in the advanced countries in terms of technical competence in a rather short period of time. Korea started quite late in terms of industrializing the nation because of colonization and the Korean War. However, companies such as Samsung Electronics Company and Hyundai Motors Company transformed themselves into technology powerhouses by aggressively investing in research and development and providing generous compensation packages to their scientists and engineers. Also these companies established dual-track career paths for their research and development staff so they could concentrate on their expertise throughout their careers and be amply rewarded in terms of promotion and accompanying compensation. One of the characteristics of Korean companies' human resource management (HRM) is that it helped companies to build organizational capabilities such as strong execution, agility, and technical competence. Researchers in strategic HR have tried to understand how HR contributes to the performance of firms by looking at the mechanism that link HR and the performance of firms. However, few researchers have studied the impact of HR on organizational capabilities. Studying the impact of HRM on organizational capabilities will provide valuable addition to better understanding the mechanism through which HR contributes to the performance of firms. Finally, in this paper, we discuss in detail the concepts and significance of organizational capabilities. We also discuss issues and challenges in studying the impact of HR on organizational capabilities and suggest future research agenda.

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