대나무 고온탄을 이용한 유기성 폐수처리

김선화,김해진,김준태,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin,Kim, Joon-Tae 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was conducted the adsorption experiment way of organic wastewater (BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P) by changing the carbonization temperature and the size of adsorbent to examine the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. Also, it was performed the basic experiment for pH and inorganic materials. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with has the greatest inorganic contents which are the important factor of chemical adsorption. As the carbonization temperature was better high temperature charcoal than law temperature charcoal to adsorption capacity of pollutant and as the particle was minute (D size : $3.35mm{\sim}2.0mm$), it was most effective. The result of adsorption experiment of organic wastewater show that the elimination ratio of pollutants by bamboo high temperature charcoal was found as BOD(82.1%), COD(91.7%), TOC(52.4%), T-N(66.6%), T-P(83.2%) and it has most excellent adsorption capacity of organic pollutants.

기관내 흡인 실시 후의 동맥혈 산소 분압 변화와 심부정맥 발현에 관한 연구

김선화,신정숙,최영희,Kim, Sun-Wha,Shin, Jung-Sook,Choi, Young-Hee 대한간호협회 1994 대한간호 Vol.33 No.4

The data were analyzed by using an S. P. S. S. computerized program for mean, standard deviation, percentage and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increase in $PaO_2$ after hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was highly statistically significant(p=0.041), and the increase in $PaO_2$ immediately after suctioning was not significant (p=0.752). The time of lowest $PaO_2$ was 30 seconds after the endotracheal suction. 2. The occurrance of cardiac arrhythmia after the endotracheal suction included sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contraction (PAC), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC). The most frequent cardiac arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (a subjects). Sinus arrhythmia was observed in 5 subjects and continued till 10 minutes after suctioning in two of these. Sinus bradycardia occurred in only 3 subjects and among them, 1 subjects shows sinus arrythmia till 10 minutes after suctioning along. PAC was observed in only one subject and continued till five minutes after suctining along with sinus arrhythmia. PVC was observed in three subjects: it lasted for only 30 seconds after suctioning in two subjects. but continued for 10 minutes after suctioning in the third. 6 subjects manifested two kinds of Cardiac arrhythmia Three of them showed sinus tachycardia with PVC, another 2 showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrhythmia, and the other subject showed sinus arrhythmia with PAC. 3. The increases in heart rate during the endotracheal suction immediately after and at 30 seconds after suctioning were statistically significant (p=0.005). The increase in heart rate at one minute after suctioning was also significant (p=0.023). The increase in heart rate continued until 10 minutes after the endotracheal suction, but was not statistically significant In this study, endotracheal suctioning with hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was effective in preventing a decrease in $PaO_2$ after suctioning, but not in preventing cardiac arrhythmias. Nurses should be aware of the complications of endotracheal suctioning and do effective hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation before and after suctioning. Further research is needed to develop a efficient endotracheal suction method which will minimize complications. This study needs to be replicated with different population of patients intubatted or having a tracheostomy, specifically, patients who cardiac or pulmonary desease. The data were analyzed by using an S. P. S. S. computerized program for mean, standard deviation, percentage and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increase in $PaO_2$ after hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was highly statistically significant(p=0.041), and the increase in $PaO_2$ immediately after suctioning was not significant (p=0.752). The time of lowest $PaO_2$ was 30 seconds after the endotracheal suction. 2. The occurrance of cardiac arrhythmia after the endotracheal suction included sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contraction (PAC), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC). The most frequent cardiac arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (a subjects). Sinus arrhythmia was observed in 5 subjects and continued till 10 minutes after suctioning in two of these. Sinus bradycardia occurred in only 3 subjects and among them, 1 subjects shows sinus arrythmia till 10 minutes after suctioning along. PAC was observed in only one subject and continued till five minutes after suctining along with sinus arrhythmia. PVC was observed in three subjects: it lasted for only 30 seconds after suctioning in two subjects. but continued for 10 minutes after suctioning in the third. 6 subjects manifested two kinds of Cardiac arrhythmia Three of them showed sinus tachycardia with PVC, another 2 showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrhythmia, and the other subject showed sinus arr

농작물 모니터링을 위한 점수기반 식생지수 합성기법의 개발

김선화,은정,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Eun, Jeong 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Clouds or shadows are the most problematic when monitoring crops using optical satellite images. To reduce this effect, a composite algorithm was used to select the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for a certain period. This Maximum NDVI Composite (MNC) method reduces the influence of clouds, but since only the maximum NDVI value is used for a certain period, it is difficult to show the phenomenon immediately when the NDVI decreases. As a way to maintain the spectral information of crop as much as possible while minimizing the influence of clouds, a Score-Based Composite (SBC) algorithm was proposed, which is a method of selecting the most suitable pixels by defining various environmental factors and assigning scores to them when compositing. In this study, the Sentinel-2A/B Level 2A reflectance image and cloud, shadow, Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT), obtainging date, sensor zenith angle provided as additional information were used for the SBC algorithm. As a result of applying the SBC algorithm with a 15-day and a monthly period for Dangjin rice fields and Taebaek highland cabbage fields in 2021, the 15-day period composited data showed faster detailed changes in NDVI than the monthly composited results, except for the rainy season affected by clouds. In certain images, a spatially heterogeneous part is seen due to partial date-by-date differences in the composited NDVI image, which is considered to be due to the inaccuracy of the cloud and shadow information used. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of input information and perform quantitative comparison with MNC-based composite algorithm.

1-Aza-18-Crown-6를 이용한 우라늄(VI) 이온 흡착제 수지 합성

김선화,김해진,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene - 1,4 - divinylbenzene(DVB) with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%-crosslinking and 1-aza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic ligand by copolymerization method. Content of chlorine in styrene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-18-C-6 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Thermo analysis curve of functional synthetic resin decomposed three part of 1-aza-18-C-6, styrene, and DVB. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

2024 Al 합금의 ECAP 공정에 따른 미세조직 변화와 강도특성

김선화,최용락,Kim, Seon-Hwa,Choi, Yong-Lak 한국재료학회 2006 한국재료학회지 Vol.16 No.1

2024 Al alloys were severely deformed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) to obtain an ultrafine grain structure. The more deformation amount increased, the more grain size decreased. Most of the grain structure were changed from elongated to equiaxed shape with increasing pass number. The morphology of S' phases was also changed from rod-type to spherical type. The grain size of 6 passed specimen was 100 to 200 nm, and the size of S' phases was about 10 nm in the microstructure. XRD measurements have revealed that the texture formed by plastic deformation disappeared in the 6 passed specimen. SP test results described that the start of crack propagation occurred at the transition zone between plastic bending and membrane stretching because of small elongation. The maximum strength of ECA pressed specimen increased 1.9 GPa to 2.9 GPa with increasing pass number.

NS-2를 이용한 MANET의 주소 자동설정 기법의 성능분석 연구

김선화,고빈,이규호,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Go, Bin,Lee, Kyou-Ho 한국시뮬레이션학회 2010 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.3

Simulation analysis may be the essential means to either evaluate performance of systems or optimize system parameters for new design. Including many variations for design and implementation, MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) is one target area of such an analysis. Since every node, however, included in the network has mobility, one MANET could be overlapped or merged with another one which use a different transport protocol. In order to communicate among nodes in this case, the new merged network should configure paths and addresses in advance. Configuring paths and addresses generates much overheads which ultimately cause delay in communicating data. Performance analysis is required to improve the data transport performance by minimizing overheads. This paper proposes a sound address auto-configuration method which is based on an on-demand manner and then presents modeling and performance analysis of the method. NS-2 simulation results verify that the proposed method can not only alleviate overheads, which are inevitably generated for address auto-configuration processes, and but also decentralize them in time.

국가기술혁신체계(NIS) 배경과 전망

김선화,Kim, Seon-Hwa 한국과학기술단체총연합회 2007 과학과 기술 Vol.40 No.4

도서관 전용 인터넷 탐색도구에 관한 고찰

김선화,Kim, Seon-Hwa 한국도서관협회 1995 圖協會報 Vol.36 No.6

급랭응고한 Al-Fe-V-Si계 합금의 미세조직과 열안정성에 관한 연구

김선화,박원욱,Kim, Seon-Hwa,Park, Won-Wook 한국현미경학회 1991 Applied microscopy Vol.21 No.2

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the change of rapidly solidified microstructures and dispersoid behavior according to heat-treatment in the Al-Fe-V-Si-(Mn) alloys. It was found that (111) preferred orientation identified by X-ray diffraction and fine subgrain/large grain were observed in the rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si-(Mn) alloys. Cell boundary of the zone A was composed of the microcrystalline, whereas that of the zone B was amorphous. Decomposition of the Al-Fe-V-Si-(Mn) alloys occurred at about $300^{\circ}C$. These alloys exhibited excellent thermal stability at the elevated temperature. Microstructure of the zone B was more stable than that of the zone A. The spherical dispersoid and 5-fold symmetry phase was also more thermally stable than the amorphous structure of cell boundary.

초분광영상을 이용한 남극 제2기지 후보지에 대한 기반암 분류 연구

김선화,김태훈,홍창희,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Hong, Chang-Hee 대한공간정보학회 2010 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.18 No.5

본 연구는 남극과 같은 극한지에 대한 초분광영상의 활용방안 제시를 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상 지역은 국내 남극 기지 후보지로 결정된 테라노바만 지역으로, 암반 위에 건설되는 기지의 특성상 기반암의 위치 및 안정도는 매우 중요한 분석인자라 할 수 있다. 현지 측정 자료의 경우, 상대적으로 좁은 지역에서 이루어지고 측정이 힘든 지역이 많아 후보지역의 전체적 특징을 측정하는 데는 한계가 있다. 이에 위성영상을 이용한 광역지역의 다양한 정보제공이 요구되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 풍부한 분광정보를 이용하여 기반암 지역을 추출한 후 주요 암석종류에 대해 탐지 및 분류를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 국제적인 암석 분광라이브러리를 사용하였다. 탐지 결과, 초분광영상의 중적외선밴드가 암석 탐지에 매우 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 주요 암석의 분포 정보를 산출할 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 충분한 현지 측정자료를 이용한 보다 정량적인 연구결과의 검증을 시도할 예정이다. This study was started for providing the application method of hyperspectral im age over extreme cold area as the Antarctic. Study area was Terra Nova Bay area which was decided as the candidate of 2nd Antarctic base station. For deciding last location of base station, many researchers tried to analyze the suitability of this study area. Among many suitability indicators, the location and stability of extracted bed rock area were very important. Using many spectral information of hyperspectral data, we tried detecting of bed rock and classifying four rock types. As additionally data, international spectral library of rock were used in this study. At the results, short-infrared wavelength bands were useful in the detection and classification of bed rock.