Investigation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Porcine Candidate Genes for Economic Traits in the Commercial Pig Breed

Sang Wook Kim(김상욱),Mi Rang Lee(이미랑),Han Seok Kang(강한석),Seon Ku Kim(김선구),Teak Soon Shin(신택순),Hong Gu Lee(이홍구),Hae Yeal Jeon(전해열),Kwan Suk Kim(김관석),Chang Hee Do(도창희),Bong Hwan Choi(최봉환),Tae Hun Kim(김태헌) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.6

돼지 2번 염색체의 육질 관련 양적 경제형질에 관한 연구보고가 몇몇 이루어 지고 있다. 양돈업계에서 DNA 기술을 이용한 염색체 정보를 활용하기 위해 본 연구에서는 13개의 후보 유전자에서 생성된 중합효소연쇄반응(PCR) 생성물을 비교 재서열 함으로써 단일염기변이(SNP) 표지들을 개발했다. 11개의 중합효소연쇄반응 생성물에서 296 bp마다 에서 평균 하나의 SNP, 총 34개의 SNP를 발견하였다. 또한 11개의 SNP에 대해 PCR 제한효소 길이 절편길이 다형성(RFLP) 분석을 전개한 후, 이를 대한민국 상업돈 4품종 개체군의 유전자형을 분석하는데 활용하였다. 본 연구는 유용한 단일염기변이를 식별하고 돼지 개체군 내 경제적으로 중요한 특성들과 SNP의 연관성을 확인하는 데 그 목적이 있다. Several studies reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for meat quality on porcine chromosome 2. For application of the chromosomal information to pig industry through using DNA technology, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are developed by comparative re-sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 13 candidate genes. A total of 34 SNPs were identified in 11 PCR products, an average of one SNP in every 296 bp.PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were developed for 11 SNPs and used to genotype four commercial pig populations in Korea. The SNP markers were used to map candidate genes in QTL and to clarify the relevance of SNP and quantitative traits.

동결 온도와 저장기간에 따른 사슴고기의 이화화적 성질의 변화

신택순,이길왕,김선구,강한석,김근기,박현철,Shin, Teak-Soon,Lee, Kil-Wang,Kim, Seon-Ku,Kang, Han-Seok,Kim, Keun-Ki,Park, Hyean-Cheal 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구는 포장방법에 따른 사슴고기의 냉장저장 중 이화화적 성질의 변화에 대해 알아 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 생체중 $220kg{\pm}10kg$ 내외의 Elk 암컷 5마리를 도축하여 24시간 냉각한 후 발골하였고, 배최장근과 대퇴근을 채취하여 함기포장하여 각각 $-30^{\circ}C$와 $-60^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 실험을 수행하였다. 동결중 보수성의 변화는 $-60^{\circ}C$에 보관한 처리구가 $-30^{\circ}C$보다 낮게 나타났다. 연도는 동결후 높은 전단가를 나타내었고, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며, $-30^{\circ}C$저장구가 $-60^{\circ}C$저장구보다 높았다. $-30^{\circ}C$와 $-60^{\circ}C$저장구 모두 저장 6개월 시점에서 가식권내에 있었고, 저장기간 동안에는 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. 저장 6개월경과 시 배최장근은 가식권을 벗어났으며, 대퇴근은 가식권내에 있었다. 동결저장중 pH는 증가하였고, 저장 6개월 경과 후에도 pH는 5.70이하였다. 배최장근은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향이었고, $-60^{\circ}C$저장구가 낮은 밝기를 나타내었으나, 대퇴근은 $-30^{\circ}C$가 낮았다. 적색도는 배최장근은 $-30^{\circ}C$저장구가 급격히 낮아졌고, 대퇴근은 $-60^{\circ}C$저장구가 급격히 낮아졌다. 배최장근은 $-60^{\circ}C$저장구가 황색도의 변화가 나타나지 않았으며, 대퇴근은 $-30^{\circ}C$와 $-60^{\circ}C$저장구 모두 저장 6개월경에 황색도가 높아지는 경향이었다. A total of 5 female elk deer($220kg{\pm}10kg$) were included in a study on the changes in physico-chemical properties of deer meat during storage at $-4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$. The deers were exposed to normal pre-slaughter handling and put under anesthesia before slaughtered. The loin and leg cuts were deboned from the carcass after 24hrs slaughter. The samples weighing approximately 300g were packaged using wrap packaging and stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$. During the freezing period, the changes of moisture maintenance was slower for the meats kept at $-60^{\circ}C$ than that at $-30^{\circ}C$. The meat softness represented higher value after freezing, and it tended to be decreased with the passage of storage time. Comparing the values between freezing temperature, the value at $-30^{\circ}C$ was higher than at $-60^{\circ}C$. All meats frozen at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$ were edible after storage for 6 months. Loin was inedible, and leg was edible after freezing storage for 6 months. The pH values of the meats were increased during freezing period, even though pH value of the meats stored for 6 months was less than 5.70. Luminosity of loin was significantly increased with the passage of storage time, although loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$ was darker, and leg stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ was darker. The index of red color was rapidly decreased for loin stored at $-30^{\circ}C$, and for leg stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were no changes in the index of yellow color for loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, and the index for leg was increased with regardless of the freezing storage temperature after 6 months.

포장방법에 따른 사슴고기의 냉장저장 중 이화화적 성질의 변화

신택순,이길왕,김선구,강한석,박현철,김근기,Shin, Teak-Soon,Lee, Kil-Wang,Kim, Seon-Ku,Kang, Han-Seok,Park, Hyean-Cheal,Kim, Keun-Ki 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 포장방법에 따른 사슴고기의 냉장저장 중 이화화적 성질의 변화에 대해 알아 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 생체중 220 $kg{\pm}10$ kg내외의 Elk 암컷 5마리를 도축하여 24시간 냉각한 후 발골하였고, 배최장근과 대퇴 근을 채취 하여 냉장온도로 25일간 유지하면서 비교 분석하였다. 보수성은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었고, 진공포장저장구가 보수성이 가장 낮았다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 TBARS가는 증가하였고, 진공포장저장구가 가장 낮은 TBARS가를 나타내었다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 VBN가는 증가하였고, 진공포장저 장구가 가장 낮은 VBN가를 나타내었다. pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였고, 진공포장한 처리구가 가장 낮았다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 함기포장 처리구는 증가하였으나, 진공 포장처리구와 가스치환 포장처리구는 연도가 감소하였다. 대퇴근의 밝기는 포장방법에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 배최장근은 진공포장 처리구가 함기포장 처리구와 가스치환 포장처리구보다 유의적으로 밝았다. 대체적으로 진공포장 처리구가 함기포장 처리구와 가스치환 처리구보다 적색도가 높게 나타났다. 황색도는 저장기간 경과에 따라 증가 후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 진공포장 처리구가 대체적으로 황색도 높았다. A total of 5 female elk deer (220 $kg{\pm}10$ kg) were included in a study on the changes in physico-chemical properties of deer meat during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The deers were exposed to normal pre-slaughter handling and put under anesthesia before slaughtered. The loin and leg cuts were deboned from the carcass after 24hrs slaughter. The samples weighing approximately 300 g were packaged using three packaging methods : Atmospheric packaging(A), Vacuum packaging (V) and Modified atmospheric at packaging (M: 80% $CO_2$ +20% $N_2$)and stored for 3, 7, 11, 15, 20 and 25days at $4^{\circ}$. The ability of moisture maintenance tended to be decreased with the passage of storage time, and that of the meats treated with the vacuum wrapping was lower than that with other wrapping methods. TBARS values of the meats with the regardless of treatments was increased with the passage of storage time, although the values with vacuum wrapping was lowest. VBN values of the meats with the regardless of treatments was also increased with the passage of storage time, although the values with vacuum wrapping was also lowest. The pH values of the meats with the regardless of treatments was also increased with the passage of storage time, although the values with vacuum wrapping was also lowest. For the meat softness, the value of the meats treated with atmospheric packaging was increased with the passage of storage time, but the values with vacuum wrapping and modified atmospheric packaging were respectively decreased. There were no significant differences in luminosity of leg, although loin treated with vacuum wrapping was significantly brighter than that with atmospheric packaging and modified atmospheric packaging. In general, the index of red color of the meats treated with vacuum wrapping was higher than that with atmospheric packaging and modified atmospheric packaging. The index of yellow color tended to be decreased after increment for a time with the passage of storage time, although the value with vacuum wrapping was generally higher than that with other wrapping methods.

냉장저장중 사슴고기의 이화화적 성질의 변화

신택순,강한석,김선구,이길왕,Shin Teak-soon,Kang Han-seok,Kim Seon-ku,Lee Kil-wang 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

A total of 5 female elk dEER $(220kg\pm10kg)$ were included in a study on the changes in physicochemical properties of deer meat during storage at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$. The deer was exposed to normal pre-slaughter handling and put under anesthesia before slaughtered. The loin and leg cuts were deboned from the carcass after 24hrs slaughter. The samples weighing approximately 300g were packaged using wrap packaging and stored for 3, 7, 11 and 15 days at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$. Water-holding capacity was decreased with increasing storage days at $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-2^{\circ}C$, respectively The deer meats kept at $-2^{\circ}C$ showed lower TBARS value than the meats kept at $4^{\circ}C$, and it was possible to extend the storage period of the meats. VBN values of the meats kept at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$ showed as edible values after storage for 15 days, although there were no significant differences among the storage temperature. pH values of loin and leg tended to be increased with the passage of storage time, and the values of the meats kept at $-2^{\circ}C$ was lower than that at $4^{\circ}C$. The change of meat softness was remarkable at $4^{\circ}C$, and the change at $-2^{\circ}C$ was slow. Therefore, it was effective to extend the storage period when the meats were kept at $-2^{\circ}C$. Color of the meats kept at $-2^{\circ}C$ was darker than that at $4^{\circ}C$, the index of red color was higher for the meats kept at $-2^{\circ}C$, and yellow color of meats kept at $-2^{\circ}C$ was more rapidly changed with the passage of storage time. [ $4^{\circ}C$ ]와 $-2^{\circ}C$보관한 배최장근과 대퇴근 모두 저장기간이 경과함에 따라서 보수성은 감소하였고, 배최장근의 변화가 대퇴근의 변화보다 크게 나타났다 $4^{\circ}C$저장구보다 $-2^{\circ}C$저장한 사슴육이 낮은 TBARS가를 나타내어 저장기간 연장이 가능하였다. $4^{\circ}C$와 $-2^{\circ}C$에 저장한 사슴육의 VBN가는 저장 15일간 가식권에 있었고, 저장온도에 따른 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 저장기간 경과에 따라서 배최장근과 대퇴근 모두 pH는 증가하는 경향이었고, $-2^{\circ}C$저장구가 $4^{\circ}C$저장구보다 낮은 pH를 나타내었다. 육의 연화는 $4^{\circ}C$에서는 두드러졌으나, $-2^{\circ}C$에서는 지연시키는 경향을 나타내어 $-2^{\circ}C$저장이 저장기간 연장에 효과가 있었다. $-2^{\circ}C$ 저장구가 $4^{\circ}C$저장구 보다는 자기가 어둡게 나타났고, 적색도는 $-2^{\circ}C$가 높게 나타났으며, 황색도는 저장기간 경과에 따라 $-2^{\circ}C$저장구의 변화가 크게 나타났다.

Hybrid형 인공 고관절 전 치환술의 5-7년 추시 결과 (MS-30 대퇴 스템과 Omnifit 대퇴 스템의 비교)

이중명 ( Joong Myung Lee ),김선구 ( Seon Ku Kim ),조덕연 ( Duck Yun Cho ) 대한고관절학회 1998 Hip and Pelvis Vol.10 No.2

Forty patients(forty-six hips), who underwent hybrid total hip arthroplasties with a cemented femoral component and a non-cemented acetabular component between February, 1991 to September, 1993, were reviewed for a minimum follow-up of five years. Rerised case was excluded. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intermediate-term results and to compare clinically and radiographically between two groups of the patients: one group which used smooth-surfaced Omnifit femoral stem was 11 hips and the other group which used matte surfaced MS-30 femoral stem was 35 hips. The average age of these patients at the time of the operation was 57.4 years. The operation had been performed by a single surgeon(J-M Lee) except 1 hip using transgluteal approach. Clinically, the average Harris hip score was 94 points in the group used Omnifit femoral stem and 93 in the group used MS-30 femoral stem. In the group used Omnifit femoral stem, one hip was revised for a osteolysis, but no additional hip was definitely loosened in radiographic criteria. And in the group used MS-30 femoral stem, two hips were revised for one aseptic loosening and one infec- tion and three additional hips were definitely loosened in radiographic criteria. But on the acetabular side, one hip used Omnifit femoral stem showed severe wear, but in the group used MS-30 femoral stem didnt showed any definite loosening or severe wear. We supposed that the high rate of failure in the group used MS-30 femoral stem, which was contemporary designed, was due to a matte finished surface in tapered design. However, we need to compare polished stem with matte-surface stem for the true correct answer.

A Study on the Prolactin Receptor 3 (PRLR3) Gene and the Retinol-binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Gene as Candidate Genes for Growth and Litter Size Traits of Berkshire in Korea

Chang-Hee Do(도창희),Seon-Ku Kim(김선구),Han-Suk Kang(강한석),Teak-Soon Shin(신택순),Hong-Gu Lee(이홍구),Seong-Keun Cho(조성근),Kyung-Tak Do(도경탁),Ji-Na Song(송지나),Tae-Hun Kim(김태헌),Bong-Hwan Choi(최봉환),Byung-Chan Sang(상병찬 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 버크셔 품종에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 후보유전자의 두 개의 대립유전자가 산육형질과 번식형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5,919두의 혈통자료, 3,480두의 산육기록과, 244두의 모돈의 775마리의 산자기록을 이용하여 유전능력 평가를 수행하였다. 유전자형 분석은 144두와 156두에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 유전자의 유전자형을 각각 분석하였다. 평가된 개체들의 육종가를 이용 두 마커의 유전자형 효과와 유의 확률을 추정한 결과 PRLR3 유전자는 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.28과 -0.13두의 상가적 효과를 각각 나타내었다. RBP4 유전자는 일당증체량에서 10.58 g의 우성적 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 RBP4 유전자의 다형성은 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.34와 -0.33두의 상가적 유전적 효과를 각각 나타났다. 따라서 PRLR3와 RBP의 B 대립유전자를 선호하는 MAS (Marker Assist Selection) Scheme은 버크셔 품종의 산자수의 개량에 이용할 수 있을 것이다. Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which included 3,480 growth performance records and 775 litter size records of 224 sows. From the same herd, genotyping was carried out on 144 and 156 animals for PRLR3 and RBP4, respectively. After assigning a genotype to subjects in which both parents had a homozygous genotype, numbers of genotyped animals increased to 474 and 338, for the PRLR3 gene and RBP4 gene, respectively. The genotype effects of two markers were estimated with breeding values of the genotyped animals. The additive effects of total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive in the PRLR3 locus were -0.28 and -0.13, respectively. The dominance effect of the RBP4 locus on average daily gain was -10.58 g. However, the polymorphism of the RBP4 locus in total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive has shown -0.34 and -0.33 of the additive genetic effects. In view of the results, MAS (marker-assisted selection) favoring B alleles of RBP4 and PRLR3 loci could potentially accelerate the rate of the genetic improvement in the litter size traits.

팽이버섯 균사체의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 맹장 내 병원성 미생물 및 배설물 중의 NH₃ 발생량에 미치는 영향

이상범,최영하,조성근,신택순,조병욱,강한석,김근기,김선구,이홍구,Lee, Sang-Bum,Choi, Young-Ha,Cho, Seong-Keun,Shin, Teak-Soon,Cho, Byung-Wook,Kang, Han-Seok,Kim, Keun-Ki,Kim, Seon-Ku,Lee, Hong-Gu 한국축산학회 2012 한국축산학회지 Vol.54 No.5

팽이버섯 균사체 (FVM)의 급여효과를 검토하기 위하여 육계 병아리 96수를 4개 그룹으로 나누어 대조구는 기초사료(C)만 급여하였고, 시험구는 기초사료에 FVM 1% (T1), 3% (T2) 및 5% (T3)로 하여 7주 동안 급여하였다. FVM을 기초사료에 5%까지 첨가하여 급여하여도 증체, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 생체중과 도체중은 처리구에서 감소하였으나 (p<0.05), 도체율은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 가식내장의 근위와 간은 유의 있게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). FVM의 급여 수준이 높을수록 맹장 내 Salmonella 균수와 계분 내 암모니아가스 발생량이 현저하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 따라서 FVM의 육계 사료 내 첨가 실험을 통하여 5% 첨가수준까지 육계용 사료를 대체 첨가하여도 무방함이 확인되었으며, 이는 FVM의 첨가수준 증가와 함께 장내 병원성 미생물인 Salmonella와 계분 내 암모니아 가스 발생 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀져 육계 사료 내 첨가 이용성이 인정될 것으로 본다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Flammulina velutipes mycelium (FVM) on broiler chick performance, pathogenic bacterial (E. coli, Salmonella) counts in caecal contents and amount of $NH_3$ in excreta. Ninety-six broiler chicks (HanHyup No. 3, Korea) were divided into four groups: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (supplemented with 1% FVM), 3) T2 (3% FVM), and T3 (5% FVM), and rose for 7 weeks. In results, there were no significant differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass yield. However, giblets were significantly increased in FVM treatments compared with control group (p<0.05). The number of Salmonella in caecum was significantly decreased in FVM treatments compared with control group (p<0.05). The number of E. coli was decreased in T2 but increased in T1 and T3 compared with control group. The emission of fecal $NH_3$ gas was significantly decreased in accordance with increasing the feeding level of FVM (p<0.05). In conclusion, our data indicated that the supplementation of high level of FVM could inhibit the Salmonella in caecum and reduce the emission of fecal $NH_3$ gas. Therefore, FVM at 5% level could be added in the diet of broiler chicks.

Gene Targeted Mice to Study T Cell Development

Ki Duk Song(송기덕),Sang Wook Kim(김상욱),Mi Rang Lee(이미랑),Seon Ku Kim(김선구),Teak Soon Shin(신택순),Han Seok Kang(강한석),Hong Gu Lee(이홍구),Hae Yeal Jeon(전해열),Byung Wook Cho(조병욱) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.5

T 세포의 발생은 흉선에서 이루어지는데, 골수나 태아의 간으로부터 유래한 전구세포가 여러 단계의 복잡한 발달단계를 거쳐서 단일 CD4나 CD8 분자를 세포 표면에 발현하는 성숙한 T세포로 분화하여 2차 림프기관으로 이동한다. T세포 수용체로부터 유래하는 신호와 하위 신호전달 경로는 성숙한 T 세포 및 흉선 T 세포의 발생과 분화에 중요하다. 유전자 적중 마우스를 이용한 연구들을 통해서 복잡한 T 세포 발생을 조절하는 중요한 신호전달 경로를 파악하여 메카니즘에 대한 이해가 깊게 되었다. 유전자의 발현 시기와 조직이나 세포를 고려한 신호전달을 이해하기 위해 보다 정교한 유전자 조작로 기법의 개발이 중요하다고 사료된다. T cells develop in thymus, where immature progenitors undergo multi-stage developmental processes until mature CD4+ and CD8+ single positive T cells are generated and egress out to the periphery. Signals from T cell receptor are pivotal for T cell development in thymus as well as in periphery. Gene targeted mutant mice have contributed the understanding underlying mechanisms by dissecting the signaling pathways which governing these complex processes. Development of refined mutational system will be imperative to analyze the signaling pathways by taking consideration of context of ‘timing and/or space’ of gene function.

팽이버섯 균사체의 급여가 닭고기의 이화학적 특성과 영양성분에 미치는 영향

이상범(Sang-Bum Lee),김지희(Ji-Hee Kim),정수연(Su-Youn Jeong),왕도(Tao Wang),조성근(Seong-Keun Cho),신택순(Teak-Soon Shin),강한석(Han-Seok Kang),김윤칠(Youn-Chil Kim),김선구(Seon-Ku Kim),이홍구(Hong-Gu Lee) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.7

본 연구는 FVM이 닭고기의 이화학적 특성과 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 지역의 버섯재배 농장에서 FVM을 수거하여 건조과정을 거친 다음 분쇄하여 사용하였다. 부화 후 1주령의 육계 병아리 96수를 4개 그룹으로 나누어 대조구(C)는 기초사료만 급여하였고, 시험 1구(T1)는 기초사료에 FVM 1%를, 시험 2구(T2)는 FVM 3%를, 시험 3구(T3)는 FVM 5%를 6주 동안 급여하였다. 7주령에 도계한 다음 가슴근육과 대퇴근육을 채취하여 분석하였다. 육색의 명도(L^*)값은 FVM 3%, 5% 첨가 시 가슴근육에서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 다리근육에서는 3%에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 황색도(b^*)는 FVM 첨가수준이 증가될수록 가슴, 다리근육에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 모든 FVM 첨가 수준에서 가슴근육의 가열감량은 높아졌고(p<0.05), 보수력은 낮아졌으나(p<0.05), 다리근육에서는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 총 수분함량에서는 가슴, 다리근육 모두 대조구 및 처리구간의 영향이 없었다. 수용성 단백질의 용해성은 FVM 첨가 수준이 증가될수록 가슴근육과 다리근육에서 대조구에 비하여 낮아졌고(p<0.05), 염용성 단백질의 용해성은 가슴근육에서는 1%와 3%, 다리근육에서는 3%와 5%에서 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 높아졌다(p<0.05). 가슴근육의 조지방 함량은 FVM 첨가수준이 증가될수록 낮아진 반면(p<0.05), 다리근육의 조지방 함량은 높아졌다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성은 FVM을 3%와 5%를 첨가할 경우 가슴근육의 포화 지방산 함량을 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 낮추고(p<0.05), 불포화 지방산의 함량을 유의하게 높였다(p<0.05). 아미노산 함량은 가슴근육(glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine)에서는 FVM의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높아졌으며, 다리근육(glutamic acid, lysine, methionine, serine, threonine)은 FVM 처리구에서 대조구보다 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 FVM의 3%와 5% 첨가급여는 육계에 있어서 명도와 황색도, 염용성 단백질 용해성, 포화지방산 및 불포화 지방산 함량, 오메가-6에 대한 오메가-3 비율, 유리아미노산함량을 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Flammulina velutipes mycelium (FVM) on physico-chemical properties and nutritional components of chicken meat. Ninety-six broiler chicks (HanHyup No. 3, Korea) were divided into four groups: control (basal diet), T1 (supplemented with 1% FVM), T2 (3%), and T3 (5%). Broiler chicks in each group were slaughtered at 7 weeks of age, and their breast and thigh meat were collected. Lightness (L^*) and yellowness (b^*) in the T2 and T3 groups were higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The loss of breast meat during cooking was increased in the T1, T2, and T3 groups, and the water-holding capacity of the breast meat was also decreased in these three groups (p<0.05). The water-soluble protein solubility was lower in the T1, T2, and T3 groups than in the control group (p<0.05), but the salt-soluble protein solubility in these three groups was higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The crude fat content of the breast meat was decreased and that of the thigh meat was increased as the level of FVM was increased (p<0.05). The unsaturated fatty acid content of the breast meat was higher in the T2 and T3 groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The free amino acid content was high in the T1, T2, and T3 groups compared to the control. In conclusion, these results showed that feeding with 3% and 5% FVM increased the L and b values in thigh meat, improved the salt-soluble protein solubility, and increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Horse Breeds Using Microsatellite Makers

Ji-Hye Jung(정지혜),Mi-Rang Lee(이미랑),Tae-Yong Ha(하태용),Seon-Ku Kim(김선구),Teak-Soon Shin(신택순),Han-Seok Kang(강한선),Hong-Gu Lee(이홍구),Gil-Jae Cho(조길재),Kyung-Do Park(박경도),Byung-Wook Cho(조병욱) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 마품종 간의 유전적 배경과 다양성을 분석하기 위해 제주마, 경주마, 더러브렛, 몽고마, 쿼터호스, 일본마를 기초 축으로 생물체 집단 간의 유전적 배경 및 관련성을 연구하는데 도움 되는 microsatellite marker를 사용하여 13종의 좌위에 대한 개체별 유전자형을 분석하여 대립 유전자별 빈도에 있어 품종별 차이를 보이는 microsatellite loci들을 나타냈다. 전체 개체들의 유전적 다양성을 나타내는 유전자 좌위별 품종별 기대 이형질성은 0.669-0.869를 나타냈고, 전체 집단 간의 유전자 분화정도는 0.061-0.219를 나타냈다. 이러한 대립 유전자 빈도를 근거로 하여 DISPAN 프로그램을 이용하여 집단 간 표준 유전적 거리를 도식하여 유전자 좌위별 유전적 거리는 0.137-0.414를 나타내어 마품종간의 유전적 다양성과 관련성을 고찰할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 초위성체 유전자 표지를 이용하여 집단 내의의 혈통분석 및 분자 진화학을 연구하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. To assist in selection schemes we estimate the genetic diversity of the horse breeds. Genetic diversity at 13 microsatellite loci was compared in six horse breeds : Jeju Native Horse, American Quarter, Jeju Racing Horse, Mongolian Horse, Japanese Horse and Thoroughbred. All of the equine microsatellite used in this study were amplified and were polymorphic. The expected total heterozygosity over all the populations varied between 0.669 and 0.869 and the expected heterozygosity within population range from 0.569 to 0.219 in this study. The low coefficient of gene differentiation value showed that only 0.118 of the diversity was between horses breeds. The constructed dendrogram from the genetic distance matrix showed little differentiation between horse breeds using DISPAN program. The genetic distance using 13 microsatellites ranged between 0.137 and 0.414 for the six horse breeds. These results confirm the potential use of equine microsatellite loci as a tool for genetic studies in horse populations. The genetic diversity of the six horse breeds to each other closed to their geographical distribution. Suggesting that the loci would be suitable for horse breeds parentage testing. Therefore, Microsatellite marker seems to be very useful for clarifying the evolutionary relationships of closely related populations.