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지진파(地震波)를 이용(利用)한 남한(南韓)의 지각구조(地殼構造) 연구(硏究)
김상조,김소구,Kim, Sang Jo,Kim, So Gu 대한자원환경지질학회 1983 자원환경지질 Vol.16 No.1
By using local earthquake data, the Korean crust model and travel-time tables were determined. The upper crustal earthquakes (Hongsung event and Ssanggyesa event) were considered as auxiliary information, and the lower crustal earthquakes (Uljin event and Pohang event) played an important role in determining model parameters. The possible existence of Low Velocity Layer (LVL) in the upper mantle was suggested by discrepancy in the arrival times of Sariwon earthquake which occurred below Moho discontinuity. Computer program for the determination of the model parameters was developed in order to screened out the optimum parameters by comparing the travel times of observed data with theoretical ones. We found that the discontinuities of Conrad, Moho, and upper and lower boundaries of LVL have their depth of 15, 32, 55 and 75 Km, respectively. The velocities of P-and S-wave in the layers between those discontinities were found to be (1) 5.98, 3.40 Km/sec (2) 6.38, 3.79 Km/sec (3) 7.95, 4.58 Km/sec (4) unknown (5) 8.73, 5.05 Km/sec, respectively from the top layer. Travel-time tables were also computed for the inter-local earthquakes which have their direct wave paths above the LVL.
1926~1943년(年)의 국지자료(局地資料)에 의한 한국 지진(地震)의 연구(硏究)
김상조,Kim, Sang Jo The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1980 자원환경지질 Vol.13 No.1
본논문(本論文)에서 1926년 2월부터 1943년 5월까지 국내(國內)에서 Wiechert 지진계(地震計)로 관측(觀測)된 국지자료(局地資料)가 제시(提示) 연구되었다. 일본(日本) 기상청(氣象廳)(JMA) 현용(現用) S-P monogram(travel time table)을 기초(基礎)로 하고 주로 Tsuboi의 지진(地震) 규모(規模)(magnitude) 계산식(式)과 진도자료(震度資料)의 보조(補助) 이용(利用)으로 적절한 한계내(限界內)에서 가능한 한(限) 많은 지진요소(地震要素)(parameter)를 산출하였다. 또한 진앙분포(震央分布)와 관련한 지진(地震) 특성(特性)이 인접지질구조(隣接地質構造)와 연관(連關) 논의(論議)되었으며 몇몇의 통계결과(統計結果)가 일본(日本) 구주지역(九州地域)과 비교 분석됨으로서 한국의 지진(地震) 활동(活動)에 관한 합리적(合理的)인 해석(解析)이 내려졌다. 지진(地震) mechanisrn을 규명(規明)하기에는 충분(充分)하지 않지만, 단편적인 자료(資料)들을 superposition method 에 의하여 종합(綜合)한 결과(結果), 일본(日本) 남서부(南西部)(구주(九州)) 지역(地域)의 그것과 대체로 일치(一致)하는 동일서(東一西) 압축(壓縮)의 stress field가 작용(作用)하는 일반적 경향성(傾向性)을 발견(發見)할 수 있었다. The local earthquake data, observed by Wiechert seismograph in Korea during Feb. 1926-May 1943, was provided and investigated. Using S-P monogram of JMA, mainly Tsuboi's formula and additional intensity data, the earthquake parameters are obtained as much as possible within a reasonable discrepancy. The seismic characteristics as to the epicenter distribution was discussed under the viewpoint of its relation to the adjacent geologic structure. Some statistical results are analyzed comparing with Kyushu region which provide a reasonable interpretation on the seismicity of Korea. By superposing the available information of the individual events, the general trend of stress field was found to be east-west compression, which mostly agree with that of the southwestern Japan.
대학의 서비스품질이 대학애호행동의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
김상조 ( Kim Sang-jo ),정선미 ( Jung Seon-mi ) 동의대학교 경제경영전략연구소 2013 經濟經營硏究 Vol.8 No.1
As Nationalism has been replaced by Regionalism and Globlism in the world at the turn of the century, universities have been forced to go with the new current of the opening of education market. With the market opening, universities`quantitative expansion and a decrease in the school-aged population are bring about a new social problem of the universities`financial pressure caused by student shortages. Especially the shortages in the universities out of the capital highly depending on tuition are threatening their existence. Struggling for survival, they are desperately attempting to change their services to focus on students rather then education. In this context, this study aims to provide useful implications for the university management by analyzing the relations among university service quality, student satisfaction, and the purpose of preference behavior. In the study model of the university service quality subdivided into education, administration, and welfare. The three factors of university service quality, based on the reliability and validity analysis, produced the components of reliability, empathy, responsiveness, convenience, tangibles, and assurance. The analysis on the components proved that both student satisfaction and the purpose of preference behavior have mutual positive effects. It is significant that the result of the analysis helps seek STP marketing strategy for the university competitiveness. In other words, the first step to increase the competitiveness is to subdivide the university education market, in which the target market can be selected considering a university`s own strengths and weaknesses. After that a strategy should be established for the education service focusing on the customers in the target market.
김상조(Sang-Jo Kim),김성철(Cheng-Zhe Jin) 한국무역연구원 2013 무역연구 Vol.9 No.1
The purpose of this study is to examine what make customers buy their smartphone in both South Korea and China. We guessed that smartphone adaptation behaviors have some selection criteria which are perfonnance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, based on UTAUT Model. And, proposed that the effects of selection criteria on adaptation intention were moderated by consumer's nationality. To accomplish research purpose, We conducted a field survey with a self-administered questionnaire in both nations and analysed the causal relations among the variables by regression analysis. Findings are these. First, in all of the user's case, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence had a positive effect on adaptation intention. Second, case of users in South Korea, perfonnance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence showed a positive effect on adaptation intention. Third, case of users in China, perfonnance expectancy, facilitating conditions had a positive effect on adaptation intention. Fourth, customer's nationality have moderating effect, while Korean have effects of perfonnance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence on adaptation intention. Chinese have effects of performance expectancy, facilitating conditions on adaptation intention.
박지원과 메카트니의 중국 인식 비교 - 『열하일기(熱河日記)』와『중국방문사절일기(中國訪問使節日記)』를 중심으로-
김상조 ( Kim Sang Jo ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2004 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.25 No.-
The purpose of this paper was to compare the perspectives on China of Park Jee Won a fellow accompanying Cho Seon envoy Park Myoung Won attending the Emperor Qian- Long’(乾隆)s 70th birthday ceremony in 1780 and of George McCartney the envoy of England to China in 1793 using their travelogues, < Yeoul Ha Diary > and < The Envoy Diary of Visitation to China >, respectively. Yeun Am acknowledged the fact that Qing(淸) Dynasty being founded by a barbarian, not only did it occupy China, but also had maintained the customs since Yo Sun(堯舜). However, it was far from his idea that Cho Seon should submit to Qing as did to Ming(明)Dynasty. While Yeun Am differentiated hempen a Supreme Country (上國)and a Great Country(大國), he suggested that a Great Country is the one that dominates over with a great power and Qing Dynasty is the best example. In this sense, he insisted that Cho Seon should learn Qing, which is hard to see as submissive. He maintained that Cho Seon should learn from Qing the source of strong power i.e. profit making techniques. The aim of McCartney’s visit to China was to make it easier for the imperialism state England to trade with China. Even if an envoy, he, in fact, scrutinized China, as a team leader of China’s exploration. From the detailed observations, he came to conclude that China is nothing more than a shipwreck so that it is very easy for England to defeat. He even reported prospects and defects England is likely to have in a case of war with China. Yeun Am, with a deep understanding of Chinese culture, had a special interest in the Chinese sciences such as the cause of Go Jeung Hak’(考證學)s development. Opposite to Yeun Am, McCartney had no interest on matter. Instead, the focus of his observation was on more practical parts such as Qing’s royal family, ordinary people's lifestyles, and army, etc. While China was under the Qian-Long’s power considered as the most flourishing period of Qing when McCartney visited China, it was only 10 years after that Yeun Am went to China where he was greatly impressed by the affluence and advanced technology of China. It is very unlikely that China went under destruction during only 10 years time. Rather, it can be argued that differences in the perspectives of Yeun Am and McCartney on China emerged from the different development stages of their own countries England acquiring almightily strong power with the success of Industrial Revolution whereas Cho Seon was isolated and underdeveloped. The different views ultimately indicated the position of Cho Seon in those days when compared to other countries.
대-중소기업 관계의 변화 - 양극화 심화 및 연관관계 약화
김상조(Kim Sang-Jo) 한국사회경제학회 2007 사회경제평론 Vol.- No.29 (1)
The purpose of this paper is to examine changes of relationship between large and small companies in Korea since 1980s.<BR> The concentration of economic power by Chaebols has been deepened despite half of them went bankrupt during the economic crisis in late 1990s. On the other hand, in the small and medium company sector the problem of smallness and polarization has been continuously worsen since the early 1990s. This widening discrepancy between large and small companies results in deterioration of industrial linkage effect and eventually in social polarization.<BR> As policy proposals, this paper suggests to enact so-called ‘the Conglomerate Act’ as an effective legal frame approaching business groups itself instead of individual companies, and to establish the basic infra-structure providing managerial services such as tax, accounting, legal and consulting services to small and midium companies. 이 논문에서는 지난 1980년대 이래 대내외적 자유화의 진전에 따른 한국경제의 구조 변화 중에서 대-중소기업 관계의 변화를 살펴보고자 한다.<BR> 우선, 재벌로의 경제력집중 현상이 심화되었음을 확인한다. 외환위기 직후 30대 재벌 중 절반 이상이 부실에 따른 구조조정 과정을 거쳤음에도 불구하고, 아니 그 구조조정으로 인해 상위 거대재벌로의 경제력집중은 더욱 심화되고 있다. 반면, 중소기업 부문의 영세화와 양극화는 1990년대 초이래 계속되어 온 구조적 문제이며, 외환위기 이후 그 추세가 더욱 심화되었음을 보인다. 이러한 대-중소기업간 격차 확대가 산업간 연관관계의 단절로 나타나고 있으며, 이것이 사회양극화 현상의 근본 배경임을 지적한다.<BR> 정책적 대안으로서, 재벌로의 경제력집중 억제를 위해서는 개별법인이 아닌 기업집단 자체에 대한 접근(가칭 ‘기업집단법’의 제정)이 필요하며, 중소기업의 발전을 위해서는 자금ㆍ인력ㆍ기술 등 생산요소에 대한 지원 못지않게 세무ㆍ회계ㆍ법률ㆍ컨설팅 등 경영관리에 대한 기본 인프라 확충이 필요함을 제시한다.
통합소득 100분위 자료를 이용한 소득세 실효세율 및 감세 귀착효과 분석
김상조(Kim, Sang-Jo) 한국사회경제학회 2013 사회경제평론 Vol.- No.42
이 글에서는 국세청의 ‘통합소득 100분위 자료(2007~2011년)’를 이용하여 소득세 실효세율 및 감세 귀착효과를 분석하였다. 통합소득은 근로소득 연말정산 신고자와 종합소득세 신고자의 소득에서 중복을 제거한 것을 말한다. 이 자료는 비과세소득 등의 불포함 문제 및 근로소득 • 종합소득 간의 소득개념의 불일치 문제 등의 한계가 있지만, 전체 통합소득 신고자를 1% 단위로 구분하여 인원수 • 통합소득 • 과세표준 • 결정세액 등에 관한 세부 정보를 제공하고 있어, 많은 정책적 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라의 소득세제는 누진 구조를 갖고 있으나, 상위 소득계층에서 실효세율이 급격하게 하락함으로써 중산층 이하에서는 실효세율이 매우 낮았다. 둘째, 2007년 실효세율을 기준으로 소득세 감세의 계층별 귀착효과를 계산하면, 신고소득 총인원의 18%에 불과한 소수의 고소득층에 감세총액의 65.35%가 귀착된 것으로 추정되며, 따라서 부자감세라는 비판을 면하기 어렵다. 셋째, 통합소득을 기준으로 한 세전 • 세후 지니계수의 추이를 보면, 소득분배 상태가 매우 불균등할 뿐만 아니라, 2007-2011년간 큰 폭으로 악화되었고, 소득세의 재분배 효과도 미미함을 알 수 있다. This paper analyzes the effects of income tax reduction policy during the Lee Myung-bak Administration through the National Tax Service's percentile consolidated income data 2007-2011. These data show the percentile profile of the sum of earned income and general income with eliminating duplications. The main results are as follows. First, Korea's income tax has progressive rate structure, but its effective rate diminishes rapidly at the very high-income bracket and remains very low level below the middle-income class. Second, two thirds of income tax reduction benefits go to the rich less than a fifth of total Income earners. Third, before- and after-tax Gini coefficients show that Income distribution deteriorates badly during 2007-2011 and the re-distribution effect of income tax is very small.
학교조직의 유형에 따라 멘토시스템의 기능이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
김상조(Sang Jo Kim),윤현정(Hyun-Jung Yun) 글로벌경영학회 2006 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.3 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 조직사회화 전략으로서 멘토시스템의 세 가지 기능이 학교조직이라는 조직유형에 따라서 교사의 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 분석하고, 이의 활용가능성을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수도권 지역의 초.중.고등학교 교사를 대상으로 학교조직에서 교사가 지각한 멘토시스템의 기능과 조직몰입 변수간의 영향력을 분석하였고, 학교 조직유형별로 조직몰입에 미치는 조절효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 멘토시스템의 세 가지 기능(경력관련 기능, 심리사회적 기능, 역할모형 기능) 모두 조직몰입에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 조직유형에 따라서 초등학교와 중등학교, 국.공립학교와 사립학교 모두 조직몰입에 조절효과가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 현재 멘토시스템을 도입하고 있는 교육 장면과 학교 조직에서는 멘토시스템의 실시에 앞서 조직 구조상의 제도적 효용성과 다양성 확보를 위한 충분한 사전 교육이 선행되어져야 할 것이며, 제도의 효율성을 극대화시키기 위한 사후 평가 교육을 마련하여 멘토시스템의 적극적인 반영을 할 때 교사의 교육 조직에 대한 몰입이 확대될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is positively to analyze the three function of how to effect on an organization commitment of a teacher in accordance with a type of system of a school system as a strategy of an organization socialization and present a possibility of application about this. For this, a conscious function of a Mentor system by a teacher and the influencing power of a variable about an organization commitment were analyzed the subject of the study for teachers in elementary school, middle school and high school in the National Capital region in a school an organization and the regulation efficiency to effect on an organization commitment was analyzed with each organization type of school. The result of this study could confirm that all of three function of the Mentor system: a function of a career reference, a function of a social psychology and a function of a role model are being had an effect on an organization commitment and it shows that there is a regulation efficiency an organization commitment in elementary school and middle school, a national school and a private school in accordance with a type of system. In the present a scene of education and a school organization to induce a Mentor system, an enough advance education for insurance a systematic diversity and utility of a structural organization will have to precede before execution of a Mentor system, when a Mentor system is positively reflected with prepare the latter part evaluation for the greatest an utility of system, an commitment on an education system of a teacher will be able to extend.
김상조(Kim, Sang-Jo) 한국사회경제학회 2016 사회경제평론 Vol.29 No.3
The present ‘separation of finance and commerce’ regulation system based on the ‘outright prohibition principle’ stems from the memories for Chaebols before the 1997 crisis. But situations have dramatically changed. Top 5 Chaebols except Samsung group were actually withdrawn from financial sector since 1997, and the attractiveness of financial sector diminished greatly since 2008. It means that it is necessary and possible to redesign the present rigid regulation system. In other words, it may be more effective to focus limited supervisory resources on the relatively small numbers of big financial conglomerates rather than the now one-size-fits-all approach. The starting point is to build the consolidated or group-wide supervision system on financial conglomerates. This paper examines the economic and legal issues relating to ⅰ) the definition and designation of financial conglomerates, ⅱ) the coordination process among group supervisor, group head, and group affiliates, and ⅲ) the rule of group capital adequacy, which are fundamental tasks for the group-wide supervision system. Lastly, it should not be forgotten that the dominant position of Samsung group in the non-bank financial sector is a main huddle to this progress. So this paper investigates the problems of Samsung group and suggests the detailed regulatory tools approaching them. ‘사전적 금지 원칙’에 입각한 현행 금산분리 규제체계는 재벌의 금산결합 추세에 대한 우려가 팽배했던 1997년 이전의 상황을 배경으로 형성된 것이다. 그러나 그 이후 양상이 크게 달라졌다. 기존 5대 재벌 중에서 삼성그룹을 제외한 나머지 그룹들의 경우 금융업에서 사실상 철수하였으며, 2008년이후의 장기침체 상황에서는 금융업에의 신규 진출 유인도 크지 않다. 이에 따라 비은행권 금산분리 규율체계를 재설계할 수 있는 단초가 마련되었다고 본다. 즉, 금융계열사의 수나 규모가 작고 업종이 단순한 경우에는 개별 업법 상의 건전성규제와 자산운용규제 위주로 규율하면서, 지배력 남용 및 위험전이의 가능성이 큰 소수의 대형 금산결합그룹에 규제⋅감독의 역량을 집중하는 체계로 전환하는 것이 가능해진 것이다. 그 출발점이 금융(복합)그룹 통합감독체계를 구축하는 것이다. 특히 그룹의 조직형태에 따른 규제격차를 해소할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 금융(복합)그룹의 정의 및 지정, 그룹감독기구-그룹대표회사-그룹계열사 간의 조정, 그룹 단위의 자본적정성 평가 등 통합감독체계 구축의 핵심 과제들과 관련된 경제적⋅법률적 이슈들을 살펴보고 정책적 방향을 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 새로운 규율체계를 모색하는 데 딜레마로 작용하는 삼성그룹의 문제와 관련하여 그 개선의 필요성과 방안을 제시하였다.
SU-8 패시베이션을 이용한 솔루션 IZO-TFT의안정성 향상에 대한 연구
김상조(Sang-Jo Kim),이문석(Moonsuk Yi) 대한전자공학회 2015 전자공학회논문지 Vol.52 No.7
본 연구에서는 SU-8을 절연층으로 사용해 솔루션 공정을 바탕으로 하여 Indium Zinc Oxide(IZO) thin film transistor(TFT)의 안정성을 향상에 대해 연구하였다. 매우 점성이 강하며 negative lithography 용으로 사용되는 SU-8은 기계적, 화학적으로 높은 안정도를 가진다. 그리고 이 SU-8을 사용해 TFT층의 위에 스핀코팅을 사용해 절연막 층을 쌓고 photo lithography를 이용해 patterning을 하였다. SU-8층에 의한 positive bias stress(PBS)에 대한 전기적 특성 향상의 이유를 연구하기 위해 TFT에 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) 분석을 시행하였다. SU-8을 절연층으로 한 TFT는 좋은 전기적 특성을 보였으며, 전류점멸비, 전자이동도, 문턱전압, subthreshold swing이 각각 10<SUP>6</SUP>, 6.43cm²/V·s, 7.1V, 0.88V/dec로 측정되었다. 그리고 3600초 동안 PBS를 가할 시 ΔVth는 3.6V로 측정되었다. 그러나 SU-8 층이 없는 경우 ΔVth는 7.7V 였다. XPS와 FTIR을 분석한 결과, SU-8 절연층이 TFT의 산소의 흡/탈착을 차단하는 특성에 의해 PBS에 강한 특성을 나타나게 함을 확인하였다. In this work, SU-8 passivated IZO thin-film transistors(TFTs) made by solution-processes was investigated for enhancing stability of indium zinc oxide(IZO) TFT. A very viscous negative photoresist SU-8, which has high mechanical and chemical stability, was deposited by spin coating and patterned on top of TFT by photo lithography. To investigate the enhanced electrical performances by using SU-8 passivation layer, the TFT devices were analyzed by X-ray phtoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The TFTs with SU-8 passivation layer show good electrical characterestics, such as μFE=6.43cm²/V·s, Vth=7.1V, Ion/off=10<SUP>6</SUP>, SS=0.88V/dec, and especially 3.6V of ΔVth under positive bias stress (PBS) for 3600s. On the other hand, without SU-8 passivation, ΔVth was 7.7V. XPS and FTIR analyses results showed that SU-8 passivation layer prevents the oxygen desorption/adsorption processes significantly, and this feature makes the effectiveness of SU-8 passivation layer for PBS.