석조문화재 기초지반 파악을 위한 모형지반에서의 탐사기법 적용

김만일 ( Man Il Kim ),이창주 ( Chang Joo Lee ),김종태 ( Jong Tae Kim ),김지수 ( Ji Soo Kim ),김사덕 ( Sa Dug Kim ),정교철 ( Gyo Cheol Jeong ) 대한지질공학회 2008 지질공학 Vol.18 No.4

지표 근접 지질조사 및 매설물 조사에 응용되는 GPR탐사를 통해 석조문화재 기초지반을 효과적으로 탐지하기 위해 토양층과 자갈층이 교호하는 지질공학적인 모형지반(천부 지층구조)을 3 m의 깊이로 재건하여 GPR탐사 및 탄성파 굴절법 탐사를 측선별로 수행하였다. GPR탐사에 사용되는 주파수를 다양하게 적용하여 주파수별 분해능에 따른 모형지반의 경계구분을 확인하였다. 그 결과 100 MHz의 주파수 대역에서 분해능은 낮지만 가장 효과적으로 지층경계를 구분할 수 있었으며, 225 MHz, 450 MHz, 900 MHz의 고주파수 대역을 사용한 결과에서는 전자파의 감쇠로 인해 하부경계를 구분할 수 없었으나 천부의 분해능은 향상되었다. 이로부터 심부에 대한 100 MHz의 자료와 천부에 대한 고주파수 단면도를 조합하여 최종단면도를 얻었다. 탄성파 굴절법 탐사에서는 모형지반의 정확한 경계 및 지층 간 경계면은 파악할 수 없었으나, 모형지반이 위치하고 있는 구간에서의 등속도선이 주변 지역에 비해 상대적으로 깊은 심도까지 분포하는 것으로 볼 때 원지반과 모형 경계의 속도 대비를 파악할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. To effectively delineate the foundation of stone relics by GPR and seismic refraction methods, a geological engineering model was constructed with alternating layer of soil and gravel to a depth of 3 m. This study was aimed at mapping the boundaries of model ground structure and interfaces of alternating layer using the various frequency antenna in GPR survey and seismic velocities. Compared to the resolution from the high frequency antenna, the image resolution from the survey using 100 Hz antenna is the lower, but with the deeper image coverage. On the contrast, the deeper structure was not mapped in the higher frequency data due to higher absorption effect, but the shallow layered zone was distinctively resolved. Therefore subsurface images were effectively provided by integrating the data with 100 MHz and 450 MHz antennas for the deep and shallow structures, respectively. Regarding the seismic refraction data, the boundaries of the model and interface of the alternating layers were not successfully mapped due to the limit of the survey length. However, the equivalent contours of low velocity extended deep as considerable velocity contrasts with surrounding ground.

전자간호기록에 사용된 표준간호진술문의 활용실태

김은만 ( Un Man Kim ),박인숙 ( In Sook Park ),신현주 ( Hyeon Ju Shin ),안태사 ( Tae Sa Ahn ),김영아 ( Young A Kim ),오필주 ( Pil Joo Oh ),우경선 ( Kyung Shun Woo ),정은희 ( Eun Hee Jung ),주영희 ( Young Hee Joo ),조은미eunmejo,유옥수 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.1

감초와 상백피 복합추출물의 항염증 효과

최사랑 ( Sa-rang Choi ),김만종 ( Man-jong Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2022 공학기술논문지 Vol.15 No.1

This study confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. complex extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Morus alba L.) by the complex ratio of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Morus alba L. extract. Cell viability was assessed using RAW 264.7 cells by MTT assay. The Glycyrrhiza glabra L. complex extract was measured through changes in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokine (i.e., IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. All test results were analyzed by an ELISA reader, western blot analysis, and Luminex. Compared with those in the control group, all complex ratio extracts were not toxic below a concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. In addition, the complex ratio extract treatments significantly reduced the productions of NO, PGE₂, and cytokine and significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra L. complex extracts prevented and alleviated inflammatory indications. Thus, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. complex extracts may be developed as a functional option material for feeding to improve diseases caused by inflammatory mediators.

고효율 수직형 풍력 터빈의 검증 및 전망

김병국(Byung-Kook Kim),김영호(Young-Ho Kim),송우석(Woo-Seog Song),이승배(Seungbae Lee),남상규(Sang-Kyu Nam),김사만(Sa-Man Kim) 한국유체기계학회 2006 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper presents the design procedure of a drag-type, vertical wind turbine named jet-wheel turbine, and the numerical and the experimental verification procedures. The design parameters such as the chord length, the exit angle of inlet guide and side guide vanes, and the rotor blade inlet angle were optimized to minimize the energy loss and increase the effective torque together with the efficiency by considering the effect of the angle of attack. The maximum power coefficient of 0.42 was experimentally confirmed while the maximum power coefficient of 0.5 was predicted based on the numerical simulation. This vertical-axis model can be applied to the large-scale power generation system by the modular design and the control algorithm for the wide range of operation.

광경화성 3D 프린팅 레진의 출력각도에 따른 굽힘 특성과 신뢰성 평가

임용운,송두빈,황성식,김사학,한만소,Im, Yong-Woon,Song, Doo-Bin,Hwang, Seong-Sig,Kim, Sa-Hak,Han, Man-So 대한치과기공학회 2021 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the flexural properties and perform the Weibull analysis of photo-curing three-dimensional (3D) printing resin. Methods: Photo-curing temporary resin (3D polymer) was used as a printing resin. Specimens (65 × 10 × 3.3 ㎣) were prepared following the ISO 20975-1 guidelines and according to the different printing orientations using a digital light processing 3D printer (D2 120; Dentium). The flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus, and work of fracture (WOF) were measured using a universal testing machine (Instron 3344; Instron) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Results: In this study, the 0° orientation exhibited higher FS and WOF than the 45° orientation. Significant differences were found among the printing orientations (p<0.05). Specimens printed at the 0° orientation were the most accurate. In the Weibull analysis, 0° showed the greatest Weibull modulus (m), which represents a higher reliability. Conclusion: 3D printing should be selected and used by considering flexural properties, size accuracy, and reliability.

분변 DNA 메타-바코딩을 이용한 반달가슴곰의 먹이원 분석을 위한 사전 연구

한상현(Sang-Hyun Han),김태욱(Tae-wook Kim),김정진(Jeong-jin Kim),김낙원(Rak-Won Kim),김종백(Jong-baek Kim),김만우(Man-woo Kim),최주열(Ju-yeol Choi),박석호(Seok-ho Park),정동혁(Dong-hyuk Jeong),이사현(Sa-Hyun Lee),장정재(Jeong-Jae Jan 국립공원연구원 2021 국립공원연구지 Vol.12 No.1

지리산국립공원과 인근 지역의 야생에서 활동 중인 반달가슴곰의 먹이원 정보를 수집하기 위하여 분변 DNA를 메타-바코딩 기법으로 분석하였다. 동물 먹이원 분석은 미토콘드리아 DNA의 COI 유전자 서열, 식물 DNA 분석은 엽록체 DNA의 tRNA e-f 영역과 핵 DNA의 ITS 영역을 분석하였다. 분석결과 검출된 동물성 먹이원은 무척동물 5개 OTU와 무당개구리, 노루, 고라니, 너구리, 오소리 등 5개의 척추동물 등 총 10개 OTU가 검출되었다. 식물성 먹이원은 212종의 OTU들이 검출되었다. 연도별로 검출된 최상위 10 OTU들은 분변이 수집된 시기에 따라 서로 상이한 양상을 보였다. 봄철 분변 DNA에서는 초본류, 양치식물들이 많았고, 가을철 분변 DNA에서는 다래류, 뽕나무류, 참나무류가 많이 검출되었다. 연구결과, 반달가슴곰은 야생에서 매우 다양한 동물, 식물 먹이원을 이용하며, 이 중에서는 사람의 활동과 연관된 먹이원도 이용하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이번 연구를 통해 확보된 먹이원 정보는 지리산국립공원과 인근 지역에서 야생 반달가슴곰의 섭식활동과 서식지 이용에 대한 생태적 특성을 이해하고, 개체군 보호와 서식지 관리를 위한 보전 전략을 수립하는 데 있어 유용한 기초 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다. This study analyzed preliminarily to identify the dietary resources using fecal DNA meta-barcoding in the Asiatic black bears inhabiting the Jirisan National Park and its surrounding areas. We used mtDNA COI gene sequences for detecting animals, and chloroplast DNA tRNA e-f and nuclear DNA ITS for plants. The results showed that there were 10 OTUs including 5 invertebrate OTUs and 5 vertebrate OTUs. A total of 212 plant OTUs were found, among those 81 OTUs in 2018, 57 OTUs in 2019, and 155 OTUs in 2020. The top 10 plant OTUs varied considerably in collection seasons. Grasses and ferns were abundantly found in spring, but wild kiwi fruits, mulberry, and acorns were mainly found in summer and autumn. These results indicated that the Asiatic black bears used various animals and plants for their food resources and some were related to human activities. Our findings suggested that it may be valuable basic information for better understanding of ecological features of dietary behavior and habitat use as well as for making up a conservation strategy for protecting this restoring population and planning habitat management at the Jirisan National Park and its surrounding areas, South Korea.

정상 임산부에서 fT4와 TSH에 관한 연구

조윤성 ( Yun Sung Jo ),김두만 ( Du Man Kim ),이귀세라 ( Gui Se Ra Lee ),김민정 ( Min Jeong Kim ),김사진 ( Sa Jin Kim ) 대한주산의학회 2009 Perinatology Vol.20 No.4

목적: 연구에서 우리나라의 갑상선 질환이 없는 정상 임산부를 대상으로 TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)와 fT4 (free thyroxine)를 측정하여 임신 시기별 변화와 정상범위를 구해보고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2008년 6월까지 가톨릭대학교 성가병원 산부인과 외래를 방문하여 산전검사로 갑상선 기능검사를 실시한 산모를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상 산모는 초음파로 임신주수를 확인하였으며, 단태아 임산부 만율 대상으로 하였다. 갑상선 질환을 앓았거나, 앓고 있는 산모, 1형 당뇨병 또는 자가면역질환이 있는 산모, 임상적으로 갑상선 질환이 의심되는 산모와 갑상선자가항체가 양성인 산모, 외국인 산모는 제외하였다. TSH, free T4를 측정하였으며, 각 임신기간을 월별, 분기별로 나누어서 평균값, 중간값, 정상범위(2.5th~97.5th percentile)를 구하였다. 결과: 대상산모는 총 265명이었다. 이중 임신 1삼분기에 94명, 2삼분기에 49명, 3삼분기에 122명이 포함되었다. TSH의 정상범위는 임신 1, 2, 3삼분기에 각각 0.03~2.72, 0.27~2.29, 0.03~2.88 mIU/L였으며, FT4는 4.50~19.75, 4.70~12.98, 5.07~11.84 pg/mL였다. 결론: 향후 연구를 통하여 임신 분기별 정상값 뿐만이 아니라 더 세분화하여 각 임신 개월에 따른 혹은 주수에 따른 정상값을 정하고 그에 따라 갑상선질환을 조기에 발견하고 치료함으로 산모와 태아의 예후 향상에 도움을 주어야 하겠다. Purpose: To determine the means, medians and reference intervals for TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and fT4 (free thyroxine) for each month of gestation and for three trimesters in Korean pregnant women. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 265 pregnant women with singleton gestation. Levels of TSH, fT4 were measured by immunoassay. After exclusion of subjects with positive anti-microsomal autoantibodies, the means, medians and reference intervals based on 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for TSH, fT4 were determined. Results: The study population consisted of 94 women in first trimester, 49 women in second trimester, and 122 women in third trimester. The trimester-specific reference intervals were: TSH (1st trimester: 0.03~2.72, 2nd: 0.27~2.29, and 3rd: 0.03~2.88 mIU/L), fT4 (1st trimester 4.50~19.75, 2nd: 4.70~12.98 and 3rd: 5.07~11.84 pg1mL). fT4 levels were significantly lower in the second and third trimesters. TSH levels were lower in the first trimester than second and third trimester, with gradual elevation in the second and third trimester. Conclusion: Levels of TSH, fT4 during pregnancy differ from those in non-pregnant women. Gestational age specific reference intervals will play a cental role in screening and diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Further studies for normal reference ranges during pregnancy are needed to create reference intervals in Korean pregnant women.

스포츠 클라이밍 짐의 서비스품질이 고객만족, 고객신뢰 및 운동지속의사에 미치는 영향

이승은(Lee, Sheng-Yen),총루이(Cong, Rui),김사만(Kim, Sa-Man) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of service quality of sports climbing gym on customer satisfaction, customer trust, and intention to exercise adherence. This study analyzes the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, customer trust, and intention to exercise adherence for the empirical analysis for the operation of sports climbing gym. It also analyzes the mediating effects of customer satisfaction and customer trust. This study was conducted to present basic data for the specialized operation strategy of sports climbing gym. For this purpose, a population of 183 sports participants who have used two sports climbing gyms in Gyeonggi-do was selected. First, facility factor and instructor factor among the sub-factors of service quality of sports climbing gym had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, instructor factor among the sub-factors of service quality of sports climbing gym had a positive effect on customer trust. Third, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on intention to exercise adherence. Fourth, customer trust did not have a positive effect on intention to exercise adherence. Fifth, customer satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between facility factor and instructor factor among sub-factors of service quality and intention to exercise adherence. Sixth, customer trust did not have a mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and intention to exercise adherence.

韓國産 茶樹의 形態에 關한 硏究

金在生,金鍾萬 진주농과대학 1968 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

(1) 韓國의 各 地域에 分布되여 있는 茶나무에 對한 樹勢(樹姿), 葉長, 葉幅, 葉形指數(葉長/葉幅)側脈數, 鋸齒數等에 對한 形態를 調査하였다. (2) 本調査는 1966年 5月 15日부터 6月 15日까지와 1967年 5月 15日부터 6月 15日까지와 1968年 5月 15日부터 6月 15日까지의 3回에 걸쳐 三神山 華?山 曺溪山 無等山 寶林山 鳳鳴山 裁培苗圃園等 七個地區의 茶나무에 對하여 調査하였다. (3) 葉長은 5.1cm에서 8.4cm 範圍內에 있고 葉巾은 2.3cm에서 3.6cm 範圍內에 있는데 그中 無等山 茶葉의 葉面이 26.88cm²로서 第一 넓었다. (4) 鋸齒數는 43個에서 73個의 範圍內에 있는데 이中 寶林山茶葉이 第一 많았는데 이는 各 地域마다 茶長과 葉巾에 따라 比例的으로 增減되였다. (5) 側脈數는 13個에서 19個의 範圍內에 있는데 이中 寶林山의 것이 第一 많았는데 이것 亦是 葉長과 葉巾에 比例的으로 增減되였다. (6) 葉形指數는 各 地域마다 2∼3의 範圍內에 있어 거이 變異가 없고 長楕圓形의 것이 많다. (7) 一般的으로 高山의 것은 葉長과 葉巾이 모두다 적은 것이 特徵이며 平地의 것은 큰 것이 特徵 이였다. (8) 어느 地域에 있어서나 韓國産 茶나무의 品種은 中國에서 傳來된 Thea sinensis Linne var. Bohea의 同一한 品種인데 이것이 三神山에 播種된 以來 各 地域에 傳播되는 동안에 地理的 條件과 氣候的 條件의 影響을 받아 外部形態에 約間의 적은 變異가 生긴 것이라고 생각된다. 1. The length, form, width, lateral vein number, and tooth number of the tea leaves which have distributed all parts of our country, were examined and studied. 2. This examination was held in Mt. Samsin, Gioge, Whaum, Mudung, Borim, Bongmeang, and Nursery, those are tea cultivation districts, and was took three times May 15 to June 15 in 1996, May 15 to June 15 in 1967, and May 15 to June 15 in 1968. 3. The length of tea leaf is 5.1㎝ to 8.4㎝, the width of the leaf is 2.3 ㎝ to 3.6 ㎝, but the area of tea leaf in Mt. Mudung is 26.88 ㎠ and that is the widest of all. 4. The tooth number of the tea leaf is 43 to 73 but the number of Mt. Borim is remarkably number of all. The tooth number is increased or decreased in proportion to the leaf width and to the leaf length. 5. The lateral vein number is generally 13 to 19. The vein number of Mt. Borim is especially number of all. That is also increased or decreased in proportion to the leaf width and to the leaf length. 6. In general, the number of leaf formation index is 2 to 3, and oblong. 7. In general, those which come from upper lands are remarkably small in length and width of the tea leaf, and those which come from level lands are large. 8. All kinds of tea plant which is growing in Korea, are the same as those imported from China: Thea sinensis Linne var. Bohea. 9. I supposed that the external form of tea plant has a little changed by geography or climate for many a long day, since the tea tree had been transplanted in Mt. Samsin.

野生鳥類의 人工巢箱息에 對한 調査硏究

河成萬,金在生 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

우리 나라 南部地域에서 自然狀態로 가장 잘 保存된 鎭海의 軍港林에 통나무材巢箱과 板材巢箱, 混合材巢箱 等을 1980年 10月 1日에 架設하여 1984年 10月 3O日까지 架設地域內의 環境植物파 巢箱別 鳥類의 樓息率 및 鳥類의 種類, 樓息密度等을 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 架設地域內의 環境植物운 소나무와 해송, 화백, 삼나무, 리기다소나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무, 왕벗나무, 아까시아, 오리나무, 단풍나무 等이었다 . 2. 198l年度의 人工巢箱 樓息率은 56%인데 比하여 1983年度는 73%로서 17%의 增加率을 보였다 . 3. l981年度 부터 1983年度 까지는 통나무 材巢箱 板材뚫箱의 樓息率이 가장 높게 냐타났었고 에는 1984 年度 混合材巢箱에서 가장 많이 樓息하였다 . 4. 박새는 樓息率이 통나무材巢箱을 58%, 板材巢箱을 74%로서 가장 많이 樓息하였으며, 오목눈이는 混合材巢箱에서 樓息率이 49% 로서 가장 높은 棒息率을 나타내었다. 5. 全體的으로 볼때 人工巢箱에 樓息하는 鳥類는 박새가 樓息率이 48% 로서 가장 높았으며 그 다음이 오목눈이 멧새, 곤줄박이 等의 順이었다. 6. 人工巢銷에 잘 樓息하는 鳥類는 박새가 6.1%, 오목눈이가 6.9%, 멧새가 5.4%, 곤줄박이 가 2.5% 로서 樓息密度가 높으며 높을수록 樓息率도 높게 나타났었다. These surveys were conducted to forest stand research, the inhabital ratio, the species and the inhavitation densities of birds in constructed area of artificial nests Jin hae in south Korea. The materials of these survey were used to pill wood nests, board nests and mixed nests to be constructed in October 1980. The Results were summarized as follow. 1. Forest stand in constructed area were shown to Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis obutusa, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Cryptomeria japonica, Pioacacia, Alnus jajJonica and Acer palmatum and so on. 2. The inhabited ratio by artificial nests were shown to be increased 17 % compared its 56% in 1981 with its 73% in 1983. 3. The inhabited ratio by pill wood nests and board nests were shown higher than the other from 1981 to 1983, and those by mixed nests were shown the highest of any other in 1984. 4. The inhabited ratio of artificial nests by Parus major were used to the most by 58% at pill wood nests and 74% at board nests, and those by Aegithalos caudatus were inhabited to the most by 49% at mixed nests. 5. As a whole, the birdspecies to be inhabited artificial nests were shown the highest of any other by the inhabited ratio 48% of Parus major. The next order were Aegitalles caudatus, Parus varius and others. 6. The higher the inhabitation densities of bird species were appeared, the higher the inhabited ratio were appeared. Those to be used very well artificial nests were appeared Parus major;6.1, Aegitalles caudatus;6.9, Emoeriza cioides;5.4 and Parus varius;2.5.