인태아 슬관절 발육에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

김백윤,주기중,남광일,윤재룡,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Joo, Ki-Jung,Nam, Kwang-Il,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.2

슬관절은 발생초 중간대에서 관절원판, 관절내인대 및 활액막세포들이 분화, 발육한다. 최근 관절경을 이용한 수술이 활발히 진행되고 있는 이때 관절내 구조들의 재생과정을 이해하기 위하여 이들의 발육과정을 전자현미경으로 관찰함은 매우 의의 있는 일이라 생각된다. 본 연구는 태생 초기부터 말기까지의 인태아를 대상으로 슬관절의 관절강 발생에서 중간대의 중간층세포의 운명과 활액막, 관절원판 및 관절내인대의 분화, 발육과정을 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 좌고 30mm(태령 9주)때 십자인대와 관절원판의 원기들이 출현하였고 초기 관절강은 40mm(태령 10주)때 중간대의 중간층이 연골형성층에 결합하여 출현하였다. 반월연골은 60mm(태령 12주)때 간엽세포에서 섬유모세포로 분화하였고 100mm(태령 15주)때 섬유모세포는 내측에서는 난원형을, 중간과 외측에서는 장타원형을 각각 취하였다. 260mm(태령 30주)때 교원섬유의 주행은 내측에서 평행히 달리고 중간에서는 평행 또는 방사상 방향을, 외측에서는 상호교차 방향을 하고 있었다. 십자인대는 30mm때 섬유모세포로 분화하였고 세포질에 조면내형질망과 사립체를 함유하고 있었다. 교원원섬유는 섬유모세포의 돌기내에서 출현하였다. 100mm때는 교원 원세포는 세포의 간격을 가득 채우고 있었다. 260mm때 섬유모세포는 난원형 또는 방추상 핵을 가지고 있었고 교원섬유를 싸고 있지 않았으며 교원원섬유는 평행 또는 파상 방향으로 달리고 있었다. 활액막은 관절강의 초기 출현과 동시에 발생하였고 관절강이 확대되는 60mm때는 A와 B세포로 구분되었다. 100 mm때 활액막세포는 B세포가 대다수였고 B세포는 세포질에 다량의 조면내형질망과 잘 발달된 골지복합체를 함유하고 있었고 A세포는 사상위족, 음소포, 용해소체 및 공포를 가지고 있었다. 260mm에도 B세포가 대다수 관찰되었다. 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Estradiol benzoate를 4일간 매일 일정량을 투여한 흰쥐의 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$의 면역반응은 estradiol 투여후 1일, 3일 및 5일군에서 강한 반응을 나타내었다. 2. Estradiol beozoate를 4일간 투여한 후 cia-platin을 투여한 흰쥐 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$ 반응은 cis-platin 투여 1일군과 3일군에서 약한 반응을 나타내었으나 제 5일군에서는 강한 반응으로 회복되었다. 3. Cis-platin투여한 후 제 1일 및 3일군의 흰쥐 난관 섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$반응은 첨부세포질에서는 감소되었고 기저체, 섬모등에서는 $\alpha-tubulin$반응이 대조군과 비교하면 변동이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$은 cis-platin투여에 의해 감소되는 것으로 결론 지을 수 있었다.調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면 The development of the knee joint was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 20 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($7\sim30$ weeks of gestational age). The appearance of the primordium of the meniscus and cruciate ligament was conspicuous as the mesenchymal cells , preceeding that of joint space at 30 mm fetus. The primitive joint cavity was first seen in the interzone from the 40 mm fetus and its intermediate layer proceeded developing as a narrow cleft which was closely incorporated with two chondrogenic layers. Poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells of the meniscus at 40 mm fetus containing predominantly free ribosomes differentiated into fibroblasts at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus, the fibroblast in inner zone of the meniscus presented as oval profiles with a short cell processes, whereas middle and peripheral zones presented as elongated cells. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincided with clarification of the joint cavity When dilatation of the synovial cavity occurred, the two types of synovial cells were identified at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus a majority of the intimal cells were B-type. B-type cells were clearly distinguishable from A-type cells by their content of extensive rough endoplasmic reticula and well developed Golgi complexes. In contrast, A-type cells had numerous filopodia, pinocytotic vesicles, lysosomes and large vacuoles. At 260 mm fetus the B-type cells were also a majority of intimal cells. At 260 mm fetus the inner zone of the meniscus was filled with parallel oriented fascicles of collagenous fibers and oval fibroblasts. The middle zone was constituted of parallel and radially arranged fibers and fibroblasts. The outer zone was populated by elongated fibroblasts encircled by crossed collagenous fibers with the blood vessels. At 30 mm fetus the fibroblasts of the cruciate ligament contained rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. Collagen fibrils were noted within narrow cytoplasmic processes which were continued with the extracellular space. Collagen fibrils of ligament were filled in the bulk of extracellular space at 100 mm fetus. By $150\sim260mm$ fetus, the cruciate ligaments were constituted of longitudinally oriented bundle of collagen fibrils with irregular rows of round cells between.

사람태아 성장기 모낭에서 결합조직-상피 경계부의 미세구조에 관한 연구

김백윤,박민아,남광일,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Park, Min-Ah,Nam, Kwang-Il 한국현미경학회 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.3

The dermal papilla is known to playa major role in influencing the form and dynamics of the hair follicle, which probably involves regulatory substances crossing the basal lamina. But little is known about the junctions between the dermal papilla and the surrounding epithelial cells of the hair bulb, or between the connective tissue and the epithelial cells on the outside of the hair follicle. This study was performed to identify the ultrastructural differences between dermoepidermal junction of the skin and connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla of normal anagen hair follicles in the human fetal scalp skin. Electron microscopic findings of dermoepidermal junction in scalp skin showed that basal lamina was very irregular and undulated, and it contained many attachment plaques of hemidesmosomes with sub-basal dense plates, tonofilaments, and anchoring filaments. Also invaginations of plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes were seen. There were clear differences both on the outside of the follicle and around the dermal papilla as compared with similar junction in the skin. In particular, neither hemidesmosomes nor tonofilaments, as seen in dermoepidermal junction, were observed in the dermal papilla. Also attachment plaque, sub-basal dense plate and anchoring filaments were not observed at the junction on the outside of the follicle and the dermal papilla. There were some differences between connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla, ie, smoothness of basal lamina and orthogonal arrangement of collagen fibers were seen in the outside of hair follicle, but not in the dermal papilla. These results indicate that the mechanical connection between the hair follicle and the connective tissue component is much weaker than that between the corresponding components in skin, and it reflects the dynamic processes during the anagen phase of the hair follicle compared to the relatively permanent state of the epidermis.

한국사람태아 내망막층 발생에 관한 미세구조적 연구

김백윤,양형모,윤재룡,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Yang, Hyong-Mo,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.2

망막 발육에 관한 연구는 광수용세포와 외망상층에 대해서 집중적으로 연구되어 왔고 내망상층의 연구는 초기 발육에 관한 연구가 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구는 태생 초기부터 말기까지의 인태아를 대상으로 내핵층의 신경모세포의 분화, 발육과 내망상층에서 신경연접 형성 과정을 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 좌고 30mm(태령 9주)때 망막은 외신경모세포와 내신경모세포로 분화, 발육하였고 외신경모세포의 분열은 90mm(태령 14주)때까지 진행되었다. Chievitz층은 30mm때, 내망상층은 50mm(태령 11주)때, 외망상층은 150 mm때 각각 형성되었다. 신경절세포는 자유리보솜이 세포 전역에 분포하고 있었고 조면내형질망, 골지장치, 미세소관 및 농소체를 함유하고 있었다. 30mm때 뮐러세포는 신경절세포의 축삭사이로 돌기를 내고 있었고 초자체쪽에서 내경계막을 형성하였으며 90mm때는 뮐러세포의 돌기는 방사상으로 배열하고 있으며 다량의 활면내형질망을 함유하고 있었다. 신경연접은 50mm때 연접막비후는 존재하면서 연접소포를 내포하고 있지 않은 연접이 관찰되었고, 연접소포를 내포하고 있는 보통연접이 90mm때, 리본연접은 150mm때 각각 출현하였다. 260mm(태령 30주)때 연접소포가 없는 연접, 보통연접 및 리본연접 등 성인에서 출현하는 세 가지 연접이 모두 관찰되었다. The morphogenesis of neuroblasts and plexiform layers, and establishment of its synapses were studied by electron microscopy in human embryos and fetuses ranging from 10 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($5\sim30$ weeks of gestational age). At 30 mm fetus the developing retina was composed of outer and inner neuroblastic layers . Cell division of outer neuroblast was occurred until 90 mm fetus. The transient layer of Chievitz was formed by 30 mm fetus, inner plexiform layer by 50 mm fetus, and outer plexiform layer by 150 mm fetus. The cytoplasm of differentiating ganglion cells contained ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgi complexes, microtubules and dense bodies. The processes of $M\ddot{u}ller$ cell penetrated between groups of ganglion cell axons, and formed the cellular component of the inner limiting membrane at 30 mm fetus. At 90 mm fetus radial fibers of M ller cells contained extensive smooth endoplasmic reticula and microtubules. In each specimen , apposing paired membrane specializations were classified as junctions without synaptic vesicles, conventional synapses and ribbon synapses. At 50 mm fetus the processes of neuroblasts in inner plexiform layer were interconnected by junctions without synaptic vesicles. Conventional synapses developed by addition of synaptic vesicles to initially vesicle-free junctions at 90 mm fetus. At 150 mm fetus ribbon synapses were first recognized by the inclusion of a prominent electron-dense material associated with synaptic vesicles. By 260 mm fetus conventional and ribbon synapses and junctions without synaptic vesicles formed similar to those found in the adult.

흰쥐 수지동맥의 미세구조에 관한 연구

김백윤,신근남,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Shin, Keun-Nam 한국현미경학회 1999 Applied microscopy Vol.29 No.1

미세혈관 수술의 발달로 수지동맥의 재접합술이 성행함에 따라 혈관벽의 구조에 관한 연구들이 활발하지만 수지의 미세동맥과 모세혈관에 관한 연구는 드물다. 이에 저자는 흰쥐 수지의 충양근 안에 있는 미세동맥과 모세혈관의 구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 보고하고자 한다. 1. 흰쥐 충양근 내의 미세동맥 (small arterioles)은 그 직경이 $12\sim20{\mu}m$로 중막이 한 층의 평활근세포로 구성된 종말소동맥 (terminal arteriole) 형태였는데 인체의 종말소동맥$(30\sim35{\mu}m)$에 비해 직경이 작았으며, 모세혈관은 직경이 $5\sim8{\mu}m$로 비슷하였다. 2. 모든 미세동맥 및 모세혈관의 내막을 구성하는 내피세포는 연속형 (continuous type)이었고, 따라서 전체 세포질내에 포음소포(pinocytic vesicles)가 많이 관찰되었다. 3. 모세혈관 주위에서 자주 혈관주위세포(pericytes)가 관찰되었는데 철관주위세포의 긴 들기가 내피세포의 일부를 싸는 경우도 많았으며 이들은 기저판에 의해 둘러싸여 있었다. 4. 내피세포들 사이에는 여러 가지 형태의 접촉이 있었으나 특히 폐쇄띠 (tight junction)를 가장 많이 관찰할 수 있었다. 미세동맥의 내피하층은 기저판 아래에서 매우 불규칙한 양상으로 나타났는데 곳곳에 내피세포와 중막을 구성하는 평활근세포의 막이 꽉 붙어 관찰되었다. 5. 미세동맥의 중막을 구성하는 한 층의 평활근세포의 세포질은 많은 filaments가 있어 균질성으로 보이는 균질성 영역 (homogeneous area)과 mitochondria, 조면내형질망, 골지복합체, polyribosome 등이 관찰되는 핵 주위의 비균질성 영역 (non-homogeneous area)으로 구분되었다. 6. 미세동맥의 외막은 섬유모세포의 아주 가느다란 돌기들로 형성되어 있었으며 군데군데 교원섬유들이 관찰되었다. The ultrastructure of small arterioles and capillaries in the lumbrical muscles of rat digits were studied by electron microscopy and following results were obtained. 1. The diameter of small arterioles of rat digits were $12\sim20{\mu}m$, and it was relatively smaller than human $(30\sim35{\mu}m)$. 2. All the endothelial cells of small arterioles and capillaries in the lumbrical muscles of rat digits were continuous type, and they had typical morphological characteristics of continuous endothelial cells : numerous cytoplasmic pinocytic vesicles and many tight junctions between the endothelial cells. 3. In the small arterioles subendothelial layers were irregularly spaced beneath the basal lamina, and membrane to membrane contacts were found between the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. 4. Pericytes were often found nearby capillary endothelium, and their cytoplasmic processes surrounded part of endothelial cells. They were enclosed by basal lamina. 5. Smooth muscle cells in tunica media of small arterioles were only one layered, that is, they were terminal arterioles. Sarcoplasm of smooth muscle cell was divided to 2 areas; homogeneous or filamentous area and non-homogeneous perinuclear area. 6. The tunica adventitia contained fibroblasts with extremely attenuated cytoplasmic processes and collagen fibirls.

인태아 흉대동맥의 발생에 관한 연구

김백윤(Kim Baik Yoon),최성안(Choi Sung Ahn) 대한체질인류학회 1994 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.7 No.1

간추림 화고 20mm(태령 제7주)부터 좌고 260mm(태령 제30주)까지의 한국인 태아의 흉대동맥을 전자현미경을 이용하여 관창한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1 내피세포는 태생기조기에 단층의 입방형 및 원형이었으나 발생이 진행하면서 타원형으로 되었으나 태령 제12-14주 사이에 전형척인 편평형 내피세포로 바뀌었다. 2 중막에서는 태생조기의 미분화 간엽세포가 정자 평활근모세포로 바뀌었고 태령 제14주 이후에는 긴평활근세포가 동맥벽과 평행하여 통성원상으로 여러층을 형성하고 있었다. 3 내피하 결합조직은 태령 제12주때부터 점차 두꺼워졌으며 이곳 탄력섬유는 태령 제12주 에 처음 관찰되었고 태령이 증가할수록 정자 탄력성유가 증가되어 태령 제30주에는 내 탄력막이 거의 완성되어 있었다. 4 중막의 평활근섬유사이의 공간도 태령 제10-12주때부터 점차 증가했으며 이곳에서 탄 력섬유가 태령 제12주에 관찰된 이후 점차 증가하여 연속된 동성원상의 탄력판을 형성 하고 있었다. 또한 이곳의 탄력섬유는 내막과 가까울수록 더욱 잘 발달되고 양이 많았으며 외막과 가까울수록 발달아 더디고 양도 적었다. 5 충막과 외막사이의 외탄력판의 형성은 태령 제30주까지도 미미하였으며 외막에서는 교 원성유가 탄력섬유보다 다량 관찰되었다.

한국인 중수골의 변이에 관한 연구

최영주(CHOI Young Ju),김형태(KIM Hyoung Tae),오창석(OH Chang Suk),김선헌(KIM Sun Hun),이은주(LEE Yeun Ju),안규윤(AHN Kyu Yoon),배춘상(BAE CHoon Sang),김백윤(KIM Baik Yoon),김하경(KIM Ha Kyoung),박성식(PARK Sung Sik),윤재룡(YOON Jae R 대한체질인류학회 1988 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.1 No.1

인태아 상경신경절 발육에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

김대영,김백윤,윤재룡,Kim, Dae-Young,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong 한국현미경학회 1998 Applied microscopy Vol.28 No.2

The development of the superior cervical ganglion was studied by electron microscopic method in human fetuses ranging from 40 mm to 260 mm of crown-rump length (10 to 30 weeks of gestational age). At 40 mm fetus, the superior cervical ganglion was composed of clusters of undifferentiated cell, primitive neuroblast, primitive supporting cell, and unmyelinated fibers. At 70mm fetus, the neuroblasts and their processes were ensheated by the bodies or processes of satellite cells. The cytoplasm of the neuroblast contained rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, Nissl bodies and dense-cored vesicles. As the neuroblasts grew and differentiated dense-cored vesicles moved away from perikaryal cytoplasm into developing processes. Synaptic contacts between the cholinergic axon and dendrites of postganglionic neuron and a few axosomatic synapses were first observed at 70 mm fetus. At 90 mm fetus the superior cervical ganglion consisted of neuroblasts, satellite cells, granule-containing cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. The ganglion cells increased somewhat in numbers and size by 150 mm fetus. Further differentiation resulted in the formation of young ganglion cells, whose cytoplasm was densely filled with cell organelles. During next prenatal stage up to 260 mm fetus, the cytoplasm of the ganglion cells contained except for large pigment granules, all intracytoplasmic structures which were also found in mature superior cervical ganglion. A great number of synaptic contact zones between the cholinergic preganglionic axon and the dendrites of the postganglionic neuron were observed and a few axosomatic synapses were also observed. Two morphological types of the granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglion were first identified at 90 mm fetus. Type I granule-containing cell occurred in solitary, whereas type II tended to appeared in clusters near the blood capillaries. Synaptic contacts were first found on the solitary granule-containing cell at 150 mm fetus. Synaptic contacts between the soma of type I granule-containing cells and preganglionic axon termials were observed. In addition, synaptic junctions between the processes of the granule- containing cells and dendrites of postganglionic neuron were also observed from 150 mm fetus onward. In conclusion, superior cervical ganglion cells and granule-containing cells arise from a common undifferentiated cell precursor of neural crest . The granule-containg cells exhibit a local modulatory feedback system in the superior cervical ganglion and nay serve as interneurons between the preganglionic and postganglionic cells.

인태아 척추 골화과정에서 연골관의 역할

정성택,남광일,김백윤,윤재룡,Jung, Sung-Taek,Nam, Kwang-Il,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong 한국현미경학회 2001 Applied microscopy Vol.31 No.3

태생기 성장골에 출현하는 연골관은 골화와 무관하고 영양분을 공급하는 통로라 하였고 일부 학자들은 연골관 말단부에서 골화가 일어남을 발표하였다. 추체에서 연골관은 골화중심부 출현이전에 나타나 전 태생기동안 존재하기 때문에 연골관과 골화와의 관계를 관찰하는 것은 골화과정을 이해하는데 의의 있는 일이라 사료된다. 본 연구는 연골관이 추체연골부 골화중심부 출현에서부터 골화가 진행하는 과정에 어떠한 역할을 하는가를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 새로운 지견을 얻었기에 그 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 좌고 60mm(태령 12주)때 추체에 연골관이 출현하기 시작하였고, 80mm(13주)때 추체 중앙부에는 석회화연골세포와 비대연골세포로 구성된 석회화소가 출현하였으며 심연골관이 비대연골세포대에서 관찰되었다. 비대연골세포의 형태는 다양하였고 불규칙하게 배열하고 있었다. 심연골관의 끝부분에는 골형성세포, 골모세포 및 파연골세포들이 관찰되었고 이것이 1차 골화중심부 출현이었다. 비석회화 연골기질은 연골관내에 존재한 혈관주위 결합조직들에 의해 주로 흡수되었고 파연골세포에의한 석회화 연골기질의 흡수는 활발하지 많음을 볼 수 있었다. 120mm(16주)때 추체 연골내골화가 전 후방으로 진행되었고 전 후방 연골막에서 막내골화가 시작되어 막성골층판이 신생되었다. 결론적으로 추체의 골화과정은 장골의 골단연골의 골화과정과 유사하였고, 특히 추체에 출현하는 연골관의 주위에 존재하는 결합조직성 세포들이 골형성세포 및 골모세포로 분화 발육하여 신생골이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. To investigate a role of cartilage canals in osteogenesis and growth of the vertebrae, in human fetuses ranging from 50 mm to 260 mm crown rump length were studied by electron microscopy. The initial appearance of cartilage canals of the vertebral body was observed at 60 mm fetus. In 80 mm fetus, primary ossification center in the vertebral body was first noted. The vertebral body showed calcified chondrocytes surrounded by a tone of hypertrophied chondrocytes and deep canals which terminated in calcified matrix. Most hypertrophied chondrocytes in the centrum showed in various stage of degeneration in disorderly arrangement. At the blind end of deep canal, osteogenic cells, osteoblasts and chondroclasts were observed. Resorption of unmineralized cartilage septa was undertaken by perivascular cells within cartilage canals. The ruffled border of the chondroclast was restricted to resorption site of calcified cartilagenous matrix. The periosteal bone formation was followed by the appearance of primary center of the centrum at 120 mm fetus. The osteoblasts of the perichondrium started to lay down a thin membranous bony lamella on the outer surface of the osseous trabeculae of the centrum. The processes of bone formation in the vertebral bodies were found to possess morphological similarities to that occurring at secondary center of the epiphysis of a long bone. These results indicate that the connective tissue cells within the cartilage canals proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts at the site of endochondral ossification of the vertebrae.

인태아(人胎兒) 경동맥체(頸動脈體)의 발육(發育)에 관(關)한 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的) 연구(硏究)

윤재룡,박병순,김백윤,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong,Park, Byoung-Sun,Kim, Baik-Yoon 한국현미경학회 1994 Applied microscopy Vol.24 No.1

The morphological development of the carotid body was studied by electron microscope in human fetuses from 40mm to 260mm crown rump length (10-30 weeks of gestational age). At 40mm fetus, the carotid body was composed of cluster of primitive glomus cells, primitive supporting cells, unmyelinated nerve fibers, and blood capillaries. In connective tissue between internal and external carotid arteries adjacent to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, two types of glomus cells through all prenatal period were found. Dark cells contained a dense cytoplasm with conspicuous large dense-cored granules, whereas light cells had a less dense cytoplasm with dense-cored granules. The light cells contained dense-cored granules that were smaller and less abundant than those in the dark cells. The primitive supporting cells appeared star-shaped with attenuated cytoplasmic extensions intervening between the adjacent glomus cells. Synaptic contact between the axon terminals and soma of the glomus cells were first observed at 40mm fetus. In 80-100mm fetus, the carotid body contained tightly packed collection of glomus cells and supporting cells which surrounded the abundant thin-walled blood vessels. Intercellular junctions between the glomus cells and adjacent cells were commonly seen. Nerve endings on the glomus cells have the form of small boutons and the other from of large calyces. During the second half of the fetal period, the glomus cells were completely enveloped by supporting cells and nerve terminals. At 260mm, the morphological features of carotid body were similar to those of human adult. The result of this study demonstrates that there are differences between the carotid body and aorticopulmonary bodies, especially with respect to their synaptic complexes, abundant blood capillaries, and two glomus cell types.

기관신경절 발육에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

윤재룡,서기배,김백윤,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong,Seo, Ki-Bae,Kim, Baik-Yoon 한국현미경학회 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.2

The development of the ganglia of the trachea was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 40 mm to 260 mm crown rump length. At 40 mm fetus, the tracheal ganglia was observed in the submucosa of the trachea. The primitive ganglia consisted of neuroblasts, undifferentiated cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. At 50 mm fetus, the neuroblast and their processes in the tracheal ganglia ware ensheathed by the bodies or processes of satellite cells. The cytoplasm of the neuroblast contained rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, and ribosomes. At 70 mm fetus, cholinergic and adrenergic axon terminals were observed. Cholinergic axon terminals with agranular vesicles were abundant in the tracheal ganglia with increasing age. During next prenatal stage from 100 mm fetus, the ganglion cells and its processes were completely covered by a thin processes of the satellite cells. Unmyelinated nerve fibers were also completely ensheathed by processes of Schwann cell. Synaptic contacts between the cholinergic axon and dendrite of ganglion cells and a few dendrodendritic synapses were first observed at 100 mm fetus. The granule-containing cells were first identified in the tracheal ganglia at 200 mm fetus. These findings indicate that tracheal ganglia of human fetus resembles other parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, but not the enteric ganglia.