Fractional-N 방식의 주파수 합성기 설계

김민아,최영식,Kim, Min-A,Choi, Young-Shig 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

논문은 fractional-N 방식의 주파수 합성기(PLL)를 낮은 차수의 ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$변조기로 더욱 높은 성능의 PLL로 설계하기 위하여 대역폭 가변 방식의 PLL과 ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$방식의 fractional-N PLL의 구조를 합성한 새로운 방식의 PLL을 제안한다. Matla으로 대역폭 가변을 이용한 ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$방식의 fractional-N PLL의 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제안된 구조의 특성을 관찰하였다. 본 논문의 대역폭 가변 PLL은 HSPICE 0.35um CMOS 공정을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였고, 그 결과 제안된 PLL은 빠른 록이 가능하고 fractional spur를 20dB 정도 낮출 수 있었다. In this paper, phase-locked loop (PLL) of a combinational architecture consisting of an adaptive bandwidth and fractional-N is presented to improve performances and reduce the order of ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ modulator while maintaining equivalent or better performance with fast locking. The architecture of adaptive bandwidth PLL was simulated by HSPICE using 0.35m CMOS parameters. The behavioral simulation of the proposed adaptive bandwidth fractional-N PLL with a ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ modulator was carried out by using MatLab to determine if the architecture could achieve the objectives. The HSPICE simulation showed that this type of PLL was able to fast locking, and reduce fractional spurs about 20dB.

영양성분 분석에 대하여

김민아,양미옥,황진봉,Kim, Min-A,Yang, Mi-Ok,Hwang, Jin-Bong 한국식품연구원 1996 食品技術 Vol.9 No.2

중국 현대 휴머니즘의 기수 '인간에 대한 예의'를 묻다

김민아,Kim, Min-A 대한출판문화협회 2003 출판저널 Vol.328 No.-

Correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Allergic Rhinitis

김민아,김인식,이지숙,Kim, Min A,Kim, In Sik,Lee, Ji-Sook Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2019 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.51 No.2

대사증후군과 알레르기 비염은 중요한 만성질환이다. 본 연구에서는 대사증후군의 각 항목에 따른 알레르기 비염 유병률의 관계를 분석하였다. 제4, 5, 6기 및 제7기 1차년도 국민건강 영양조사 자료를 이용한 것으로(KNHANES IV, V, VI, VII-1) (2007~2016년) 이 자료를 통합하여. 51,854명의 연구대상자를 선정하였다. 연령대는 청장년(19~39세), 중년(40~64세), 노년(65세 이상)으로 분류하였다. 또 대사증후군에 영향을 미치는 일반적인 특성인 근력운동, 걷기운동, 흡연, 음주가 미치는 영향이 있다는 사실에 근거하여 조사하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 연령대 및 근력운동, 걷기운동, 흡연, 음주에 따라서 대사증후군 및 알레르기 비염의 유병률에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 연구 결과 전 연령대에서 대사증후군이 없는 대상자가 대사증후군이 있는 대상자보다 알레르기 유병률이 높았고, 이는 연령대가 낮을 수록 알레르기 유병률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 종합해 보면, 이 연구의 결과는 연령별, 일반적 특성별(근력운동, 걷기운동, 흡연, 음주), 대사증후군 또는 대사증후군 각각의 항목별로 알레르기 비염 유병률에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 발견된 근거를 바탕으로 대사증후군과 알레르기 비염 유병률의 상관관계를 더 잘 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다. Metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis are two important chronic diseases that affect people all over the world. Metabolic syndrome very often induces other diseases and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is currently increasing. Aging is known to affect the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome and allergy. This study examined the effects of metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis depending on different age groups and several general characteristics. This study was conducted by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th-1 (2007~2016). The data used for this study was obtained from 51,854 people. In all age groups, our studies have shown that people without metabolic syndrome have a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis than those people with metabolic syndrome, and the younger age group had the higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05). Overall, the results of this study found a significant effect on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in each category of age, general characteristics (physical activity, smoking and drinking) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.05). The evidence found in this study will help to understand the correlation between metabolic syndrome and allergy, and specifically allergic rhinitis.

2005 PIUG Conference 참관기

김민아,Kim, Min-A 한국특허정보원 2005 Patent 21 Vol.62 No.-

PIUG란 Patent Information User Group의 약자로서 특허정보에 전문적ㆍ기술적 관심을 가진 개인들이 모여서 결성한 비영리단체이다. 이들은 특허정보 관련 정보교환 및 인적 네트워크 형성을 목적으로 매년 미국에서 Conference를 개최하고 있으며, 올해의 PIUG Conference는 "The Future of Patent Information - Tools and Techniques for Adding Value"라는 주제하에 미국 버지니아주의 Arlington이라는 도시에서 5월 21일부터 26일까지 7일간 개최되었다.

교통사고후유증(交通事故後遺症)(편타성(偏墮性) 손상(損傷))에 대한 침구치료(鍼灸治療)의 접근(接近)

김민아,박용진,Kim, Min-Ah,Park, Yong-Jin 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives : This study is to applied effectively to the acupuncture treatment for disorders following whiplash injuries. Methods : This study suggests five various ways and principtes of treating disorders following whiplash injuries by means of acupuncture. First principle is that acupuncture treatment is carried out on acupoint far from cervical spine at acute stage, on the other hand, Extraordinary Vessel and other acupuncture treatment such as five element acupuncture treatment is applied at chronic stage in order to control balance disoders due to cervical pathology. Second is acupuncture treatment will be performed in group of three part of Meridian System-Yangmyung, Taeyang, Soyang-according to cervical kinetic, its characteristic and location of pain. Third is acupuncture treatment could be performed on basis of theory of Eohyel-disorders and disturbance of blood circulation. Fourth is to decrease tension of SCM muscle, because disorders following whiplash injuries has much association to injury of CM muscle and is simillar to tension syndroms of SCM muscle. fifth is taping therapy could control and decrease disorders following whiplash injuries based on spiral balance taping theory. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture treatment for disorders following whiplash injuries will significally decrease pain and control syndrom caused by cervical disorder.

광, 공업용 건물의 전기 사용량에 대한 시계열 분석

김민아,김재희,Kim, Minah,Kim, Jaehee 한국통계학회 2018 응용통계연구 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 2014년 1월부터 2017년 4월까지 광, 공업용 제조업을 하는 건물(GGM)의 전기 사용량에 대한 예측을 살펴보고자 한다. SARIMA, SARIMA + GARCH, Holt-Winters 방법, Fourier 변환으로 분해를 한 ARIMA 모형을 중심으로 네 가지 모형에 대한 적합을 하였다. 또한 2017년 5월 사용량에 대한 예측하고, 실제값을 고려하여 각 모형에 대해 예측 제곱근 평균 제곱 오차와 예측 오차율을 비교하였다. GGM 건물의 전기 사용량에 대한 변동이 심하기 때문에 여러 가지 모형 중에서도 변동성과 주기를 함께 고려한 SARIMA + GARCH 모형의 적합과 예측이 가장 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다. This study is on forecasting the electricity consumption of an industrial manufacturing building called GGM from January 2014 to April 2017. We fitted models using SARIMA, SARIMA + GARCH, Holt-Winters method and ARIMA with Fourier transformation. We also forecasted electricity consumption for one month ahead and compared the predicted root mean square error as well as the predicted error rate of each model. The electricity consumption of GGM fluctuates weekly and annually; therefore, SARIMA + GARCH model considering both volatility and seasonality, shows the best fit and prediction.

DNA Sequence Visualization with k-convex Hull

김민아,이은정,조환규,Kim, Min Ah,Lee, Eun Jeong,Cho, Hwan Gyu Korea Computer Graphics Society 1996 컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지 Vol.2 No.2

In this paper we propose a new visualization technique to characterize qualitative information of a large DNA sequence. While a long DNA sequence has huge information, it is not easy to obtain genetic information from the DNA sequence. We transform DNA sequences into a polygon to compute their homology in image domain rather than text domain. Our program visualizes DNA sequences with colored random walk plots and simplify them k-convex hulls. A random walk plot represents DNA sequence as a curve in a plane. A k-convex hull simplifies a random work plot by removing some parts of its insignificant information. This technique gives a biologist an insight to detect and classify DNA sequences with easy. Experiments with real genome data proves our approach gives a good visual forms for long DNA sequences for homology analysis. 본 논문에서는 대용량의 DNA 염기 배열의 정성 정보를 특징짓기 위한 새로운 가시화 방법을 제안한다. DNA 배열은 배열 자체가 방대한 양의 정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 분석에 많은 어려움이 있다. 우리는 DNA 염기 배열들사이의 상사성 비교를 위해 DNA 염기 배열을 하나의 이미지 도메인으로 변환한다. 프로그램은 random walk plot으로 DNA 염기 배열을 가시화한 후에 k-convex hull로 단순화 시킨다. Random Walk plot은 염기배열을 평면상에 하나의 커브로 표현한다. k-convex hull은 walk plot으로부터 무의미한 부분을 제거함으로서 walk plot을 단순화한다. 이러한 방법은 유전공학자들에게 쉽게 DNA 배열의 특징을 인식하고 분류할 수 있는 직관을 제공한다. 실제 게놈 데이터로 실험한 결과는 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 긴 DNA 염기배열들 사이의 유사성 분석을 위해 좋은 가시화 도구임을 보여준다.

타언어권 화자 음성 인식을 위한 혼잡도에 기반한 다중발음사전의 최적화 기법

김민아,오유리,김홍국,이연우,조성의,이성로,Kim, Min-A,Oh, Yoo-Rhee,Kim, Hong-Kook,Lee, Yeon-Woo,Cho, Sung-Eui,Lee, Seong-Ro 대한음성학회 2008 말소리 Vol.65 No.-

In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing a multiple pronunciation dictionary used for modeling pronunciation variations of non-native speech. The proposed method removes some confusable pronunciation variants in the dictionary, resulting in a reduced dictionary size and less decoding time for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To this end, a confusability measure is first defined based on the Levenshtein distance between two different pronunciation variants. Then, the number of phonemes for each pronunciation variant is incorporated into the confusability measure to compensate for ASR errors due to words of a shorter length. We investigate the effect of the proposed method on ASR performance, where Korean is selected as the target language and Korean utterances spoken by Chinese native speakers are considered as non-native speech. It is shown from the experiments that an ASR system using the multiple pronunciation dictionary optimized by the proposed method can provide a relative average word error rate reduction of 6.25%, with 11.67% less ASR decoding time, as compared with that using a multiple pronunciation dictionary without the optimization.

융합인재교육(STEAM)에 대한 유아교사의 인식 및 활성화 방안

김민아,김승희,Kim, Min-Ah,Kim, Seung-Hee 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objective: This study aims to investigate early childhood teachers' perception of STEAM and suggest activation measures for STEAM according to teachers' background variables. Methods: The researchers conducted a pilot study, and then did survey research for 5 weeks. The participants of this study included 523 teachers of early childhood education institutions in Gwangju metropolitan city and Jeollanam-do Province. Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, early childhood teachers perceived the necessity of STEAM differently according to their age, experience, and academic background. The higher their age, experience, and academic background were, the more they wanted to participate in further teacher training and education. In particular, early childhood teachers' perception and activation measures were very different according to their workplace. These results come from the fact that the conditions in conducting STEAM are different according to their workplace. Conclusion/Implications: In order to activate STEAM, a teacher training program including practical contents and methods should be conducted. Also, it is necessary to carefully organize the content and structure of the teacher training program according to their workplace. This study is meaningful in terms of suggesting activation measures for STEAM by showing how early childhood teachers think about STEAM and what they demand.