김용준 著 『단원 김홍도』 해제 : 고독한 천재의 눈에 비친 사실주의 화가 김홍도

김미정(Kim, Mi jeong) 근대서지학회 2020 근대서지 Vol.- No.22

이 글의 목적은 김용준(金瑢俊, 1904~1967)의 『단원 김홍도』를 해제하고 김용준의 김홍도 연구가 지닌 미술사적 의의를 찾고자 함이다. 2018년 학계에 처음으로 소개된 『단원 김홍도』는 1955년에 북한에서 출판된 단행본이다. 이 책은 조선회화사 연구서를 통틀어 고전 화가를 개별 작가론으로 서술한 가장 이른 사례의 단행본으로 확인된다. 전체 분량은 51쪽으로, 앞표지는 김홍도의 인장과 신선도(神仙圖)로 꾸며졌다. 15점의 작품 이미지와 함께 수록된 작품해설에는 김용준의 빼어난 문장력과 더불어, 그림에 대한 자신의 감성을 충실하게 묘사하는 수필체 미술사 서술의 진면목이 드러난다. 1955년은 북한 미술사학계에서 비정(比定)한 김홍도의 생년에 따라 김홍도 탄생 195주년이 되는 해였다. 이 무렵 미술사 관련 출판물의 수가 늘어났고 각지에서 수집·발굴된 고서화와 문화유산을 소개하는 전람회도 개최되었다. 북한 미술계는 1955년을 전후해 민족 미술에 관한 인식의 변화와 함께 조선화에 적용할 내용과 형식의 변화를 모색했다. 이에 따라 『단원 김홍도』는 민족문화에 대한 관심이 촉발된 시기에 맞춰, 위인의 업적을 기려 대내외에 홍보하려는 목적에서 출판되었던 것이다. 월북 이후 김용준은 김홍도를 단일주제로 여러 편의 글을 저술했다. 일련의 글에서 그는 김홍도를 애국주의 화가이자, 18세기 사실주의 미술 발전의 핵심적 역할을 담당했던 화가로 평가했다. 또 김홍도의 신선도와 인물, 풍속 그림들의 필법에 주목했다. 김홍도의 인물화에서 인물형상의 조형적 특징을 찾으려고 했던 김용준은 전통 회화기법을 조선화 창작에 직접 적용했다. 그는 유려한 선조(線條)와 담백한 색채로 조선화를 창작해 여러 전람회에 출품하면서 조선화가 전근대적 산물이라고 보았던 1950년대 중·후반 북한 미술계의 인식을 개선하고자 몸소 실천했다. 조선회화에서의 독창성과 사실성 탐구에 집중했던 김용준의 미술사 연구는 1950년대 후반 북한미술이 조선화를 바탕으로 민족 형식의 전형을 확립해나가는데 밑거름이 되었다. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe ‘Danwon Kim Hong-do’ written by Kim Yong-jun (金瑢俊 1904~1967) and to understand the art historical implications of Kim Yong-jun’s studies on Kim Hong-do. ‘Danwon Kim Hong-do’ first introduced to academia in 2018 is a book of Korean art history published in North Korea in 1955 and is confirmed to be the earliest book that describes one of the most renowned classical painters based on an individual writer’s theory among all research papers as to the painting history during the Joseon Dynasty period. The year 1955 marks the 195th anniversary of Kim’s birth based on his birth year presumed by the North Korean art history academia. In this light, the publication of ‘Danwon Kim Hong-do’ apparently aimed to commemorate the great achievements of one of the most noteworthy painters in Korean art history at home and abroad at a time of soaring interest in national culture. Following his defection to North Korea, Kim Yong-joon wrote a number of articles dedicated to Kim Hong-do. In a series of his writings, he appraised Kim Hong-do as a patriotic painter who played a key role in developing the realism in the 18th century. He also noted Kim Hong-do’s brush stroke in his famous paintings, including Immortals, portraits, and customs paintings. Kim Yong-jun, who sought to identify the figurative characteristics of the figures in Kim Hong-do’s portraits, applied the traditional painting technique directly to creating the Joseon paintings. He made sincere effort to improve the awareness of the North Korean art academy in the mid- and late 1950s who found the Joseon paintings outdated as he created some Joseon paintings with elegant brush and plain colors and presented them to several exhibitions. Kim Yong-jun’s art history studies, which focused on seeking the originality and realism in Joseon paintings, served as a foundation for the North Korean art world to establish an exemplary model of national formality in the late 1950s based on the Joseon paintings.

소파 방정환에 의해 재창조된 번안동화의 작품세계 -『사랑의 선물』을 중심으로-

김미정 ( Mi Jeong Kim ),임재택 ( Jea Tack Lim ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2010 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 방정환이 ‘소년운동’ 차원에서 기획한 번안동화집인 『사랑의 선물』중 임의로 선정한 총 4편을 원작과 비교하여, 원작이 ‘어떻게’, ‘얼마나’, ‘왜’ 다르게 번역되었는지 원작에 대한 번역 일치성 및 개작의 중재 전략을 알아보는 데 있다. 연구 결과 방정환은 번역자로서 내용의 의도적인 첨가, 삭제, 수정의 방법으로 원작을 개작하는 과정을 수행하였다. 또한 이러한 개작은 화합, 자국화, 윤색의 중재 전략이 사용되었는데, 방정환은 이러한 중재전략을 통하여 첫째, 순수한 동심의 세계 존중, 둘째, 외래문화에 대한 주체적 수용, 셋째, 문학적 감성과 상상력을 통한 애국 교육 등의 세계관을 뚜렷이 드러내었다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 방정환은 『사랑의 선물』번안을 통하여 외국 동화가 문학텍스트로서 가지는 문학적·심리적 가치를 그대로 어린이에게 전달하는 동시에 유교 전통을 극복하고 우리나라 현실에 맞게 아동존중사상을 농축하여 표현한 문화변용의 주체였다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Bang Jeong-Hwan tried to transfer foreign fairy tales in itself which was worth of literary and psychological value as a literary text to children and simultaneously express realistically condensed ideological contents of DongHak through the adaption of Sa-rang-ui-Suon-mul(A Gift of Love). This study chose four sub-titles of the Sa-rang-ui-Suon-mul to investigate how, how much different, why these translations(adaptions) were different from original on the base of the level of fidelity to original and the intervention strategy. As the results of this study, Bang Jeong-Hwan as a translator performed the process of these translations as a significant difference from original by introducing the method of intensely insertion, elimination, modification. Furthermore, Bang Jeong-Hwan could attain the following three purposes and express a distinguishing his outlook on the world through these adaptations: 1) the respect for the world of pure child mind 2) the creative and independent acceptance of foreign cultures 3) the patriotic education through a literary sensitivity and imagination. As results of this study, we surely knew that Bang Jeong-Hwan was a main agent of acculturation by means of maintaining the literary value of original and realizing an idea of children respect.

유방 부분 절제술 후 방사선 치료 시 TOMO Direct를 이용한 접선 조사의 선량적 유용성에 관한 고찰

김미정,김주호,김훈겸,조강철,전병철,조정희,Kim, Mi-Jung,Kim, Joo-Ho,Kim, Hun-Kyum,Cho, Kang-Chul,Chun, Byeong-Chul,Cho, Jeong-Hee 대한방사선치료학회 2011 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: Investigation of the clinical use of tangential fields technique using TOMO direct in comparison to conventional LINAC based radiation therapy after breast partial mastectomy. Materials and Methods: Treatment plans were created for 3 left-sided breast cancer patients who had radiation therapy after breast partial mastectomy by using wedged tangential fields technique, field in field technique (FIF), TOMO Direct, TOMO Direct intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) under the normalized prescription condition ($D_{90%}$: 50.4 Gy/28 fx within CTV). Dose volume histogram (DVH) and isodose curve were used to evaluate the dose to the clinical target volume (CTV), organ at risk (OAR). We compared and analyzed dosimetric parameters of CTV and OAR. Dosimetric parameters of CTV are $D_{99}$, $D_{95}$, Dose homogeneity index (DHI: $D_{10}/D_{90}$) and $V_{105}$, $V_{110}$. And dosimetric parameters of OAR are $V_{10}$, $V_{20}$, $V_{30}$, $V_{40}$ of the heart and $V_{10}$, $V_{20}$, $V_{30}$ of left lung. Results: Dosimetric results of CTV, the average value of $D_{99}$, $D_{95}$ were $47.7{\pm}1.1Gy$, $49.4{\pm}0.1Gy$ from wedged tangential fields technique (W) and FIF (F) were $47.1{\pm}0.6Gy$, $49.2{\pm}0.4Gy$. And it was $49.2{\pm}0.4$ vs. $48.6{\pm}0.8Gy$, $49.9{\pm}0.4$ vs. $49.5{\pm}0.3Gy$ Gy for the TOMO Direct (D) and TOMO Direct IMRT (I). The average value of dose homogeneity index was W: $1.1{\pm}0.02$, F: $1.07{\pm}0.02$, D: $1.03{\pm}0.001$, I: $1.05{\pm}0.02$. When we compared the average value of $V_{105}$, $V_{110}$ using each technique, it was the highest as $34.6{\pm}9.3%$, $7.5{\pm}7.9%$ for wedged tangential fields technique and the value dropped for FIF as $16.5{\pm}14.8%$, $2.1{\pm}3.5%$, TOMO direct IMRT as $7.5{\pm}8.3%$, $0.1{\pm}0.1%$ and the TOMO direct showed the lowest values for both as 0%. Dosimetric results of OAR was no significant difference among each technique. Conclusion: TOMO direct provides improved target dose homogeneity over wedged tangential field technique. It is no increase the amount of normal tissue volumes receiving low doses, as oppose to IMRT or Helical TOMO IMRT. Also, it simply performs treatment plan procedure than FIF. TOMO Direct is a clinical useful technique for breast cancer patients after partial mastectomy.

유관기관칼럼 - 소비자의 생각을 읽어내는 도구 CCMS - CCMS 평가제도 이해 -

김미정,Kim, Mi-Jeong 기술표준원 2009 기술표준 Vol.92 No.-

DeepLabV3+를 이용한 이종 센서의 구름탐지 기법 연구

김미정,고윤호,Kim, Mi-Jeong,Ko, Yun-Ho 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.5

위성영상에서의 구름 탐지 및 제거는 지형관측과 분석을 위해 필수적인 과정이다. 임계값 기반의 구름탐지 기법은 구름의 물리적인 특성을 이용하여 탐지하므로 안정적인 성능을 보여주지만, 긴 연산시간과 모든 채널의 영상 및 메타데이터가 필요하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 최근 활발히 연구되고 있는 딥러닝을 활용한 구름탐지 기법은 4개 이하의 채널(RGB, NIR) 영상만을 활용하고도 짧은 연산시간과 우수한 성능을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해상도가 다른 이종 데이터 셋을 활용하여 학습데이터 셋에 따른 딥러닝 네트워크 성능 의존도를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 DeepLabV3+ 네트워크를 구름탐지의 채널 별 특징이 추출되도록 개선하고 공개된 두 이종 데이터 셋과 혼합 데이터로 각각 학습하였다. 실험결과 테스트 영상과 다른 종류의 영상으로만 학습한 네트워크에서는 낮은 Jaccard 지표를 보여주었다. 그러나 테스트 데이터와 동종의 데이터를 일부 추가한 혼합 데이터로 학습한 네트워크는 높은 Jaccard 지표를 나타내었다. 구름은 사물과 달리 형태가 구조화 되어 있지 않아 공간적인 특성보다 채널 별 특성을 학습에 반영하는 것이 구름 탐지에 효과적이므로 위성 센서의 채널 별 특징을 학습하는 것이 필요하기 때문이다. 본 연구를 통해 해상도가 다른 이종 센서의 구름탐지는 학습데이터 셋에 매우 의존적임을 확인하였다. Cloud detection and removal from satellite images is an essential process for topographic observation and analysis. Threshold-based cloud detection techniques show stable performance because they detect using the physical characteristics of clouds, but they have the disadvantage of requiring all channels' images and long computational time. Cloud detection techniques using deep learning, which have been studied recently, show short computational time and excellent performance even using only four or less channel (RGB, NIR) images. In this paper, we confirm the performance dependence of the deep learning network according to the heterogeneous learning dataset with different resolutions. The DeepLabV3+ network was improved so that channel features of cloud detection were extracted and learned with two published heterogeneous datasets and mixed data respectively. As a result of the experiment, clouds' Jaccard index was low in a network that learned with different kind of images from test images. However, clouds' Jaccard index was high in a network learned with mixed data that added some of the same kind of test data. Clouds are not structured in a shape, so reflecting channel features in learning is more effective in cloud detection than spatial features. It is necessary to learn channel features of each satellite sensors for cloud detection. Therefore, cloud detection of heterogeneous sensors with different resolutions is very dependent on the learning dataset.

AHP를 이용한 사서교사의 북큐레이션 서비스 제공에 대한 우선순위 분석

김미정,이병기,임정훈,Kim, Mi-Jung,Lee, Byeong-Kee,Lim, Jeong-Hoon 한국도서관정보학회 2020 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.51 No.3

This study aims to identify priorities in book curation service that the teacher librarians perceive important through the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Progress) method by comparing the jobs of teacher librarians with those of curators and selecting the contents and areas of book curation service provided by school libraries. For the purpose, this study categorized the book curation service areas by class and analyzed the priorities in the book curation service areas in the school libraries by applying the AHP method on the teacher librarians who are the personnel in school libraries. As a result, the priorities in the upper-tier class were turned out to be information services, improvement of expertise, information resources, management, and promotion & marketing in that order. The priorities in the lower-tier evaluation areas were shown in the order of survey & research, Q&A, self-development, exhibition, budget allocation, connecting with experts, trend analysis, reading education, human resources, planning, collaboration class, marketing services, book status, online promotion, offline promotion, and facilities & environment. Based on the results, this study suggested the following plans to provide effective book curation services in school libraries: grasping characteristics of school library users, setting classification criteria for book curation, and finding reader participation-oriented book curation service. 본 연구는 큐레이터와 사서교사의 직무를 상호 비교·분석하여 학교도서관에서 제공하는 북큐레이션 서비스의 내용과 영역을 설정한 후, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Progress) 방법을 통해 사서교사가 중요하게 인식하는 북큐레이션 서비스의 우선순위를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 북큐레이션 서비스 영역을 계층별로 나누고, 학교도서관 전담인력인 사서교사들을 대상으로 AHP 방법을 적용하여 학교도서관 북큐레이션 서비스 영역의 우선순위를 분석하였다. 분석결과 상위계층의 우선순위는 정보서비스, 전문성 신장, 정보 자원, 경영, 홍보 및 마케팅 순으로 나타났고, 하위계층의 우선순위는 조사 및 연구, 질의응답, 자기계발, 전시, 예산편성, 전문가 연계, 트렌드 분석, 독서교육, 인적자원, 기획, 협력수업, 마케팅 서비스, 소장, 온라인 홍보, 오프라인 홍보, 시설 및 환경 순으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 학교도서관 북큐레이션 서비스를 효과적으로 제공하기 위한 방안으로 학교도서관 이용자의 특성 파악, 북큐레이션을 위한 분류기준의 설정, 독자 참여형 북큐레이션 서비스 모색의 필요성을 제시하였다.

병원직원들의 죽음 및 호스피스 인식에 관한 연구

김미정,Kim, Mi-Jeong 한국호스피스협회 2007 호스피스 학술지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to survey the hospital staff's perception of hospice and death and thereby, suggest the ways to help them have a mature attitude towards and a better understanding of death through an effective education on hospice. For this purpose, this study was designed to provide some data useful for the hospital staff not experienced in facing the dying patients to handle the desperate situation skillfully and engage themselves more effectively in their hospice services. For this study, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey for the staff of 'C' hospital in Seoul about their hospice philosophy, attitudes towards hospice and perception of death for the period from February, 2006 to March, 2006. A total of 751 subjects responded effectively to the survey. The data collected were analyzed using the SF55 11.0 for ANOVA and T-test in order to test the relationships among subjects' perception of death, their demographic variables, their health condition, their hospice philosophy formed from their experiences of patients' death and hospice services and their attitudes towards hospice. Besides, the correlations among their hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were tested. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, as a result of testing the relationships among subjects' experiences of health consulting. their experiences of patients' death and hospice and their hospice philosophy, it was confirmed that their experiences of health and death consulting and their experiences of having been educated were relevant. Second, it was found that such variables as health condition, death, experience of hospice and attitude towards hospice were not significantly correlated with each other. Third, as a consequence of testing the relationships among health condition, death, experience of hospice and perception of death, it was disclosed that only the physical health condition was significant. Fourth, it was confirmed that subjects' hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were at the usual level on average. Fifth, hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were found correlated significantly with each other. Sixth, as a result of the stepwise variable adjustment for such variables as hospice philosophy, perception of death, attitudes towards hospice, it was found that the adjusted r-square value was 0.347 when departments, experience of having been requested by dying patient for consulting, experience of having been educated on hospice, religion and marital status were set as independent variables. And the estimated value of each variable was found significant. Seventh, as a consequence of conducting the multiple regression analysis by setting 'religion' as significant independent variable, it was found that the estimated value of physical health condition was not significant statistically. This, as a result of the simple regression analysis for 'religion' only, its explanatory power was found .197, while its adjusted r-square value was 0.20. Eight, it was found that subjects' attitude towards hospice was significantly correlated with such variables of experience of patient's or relative's death, experience of having been requested for consulting about death, gender, marital status and departments. As a result of the multiple regression analysis and the subsequent stepwise adjustment for this variable, it was found that only 'experience of having been requested for consulting' had some explanatory power: its adjusted r-square value was 0.089. As discussed above, this study tested the correlations among various variables including hospital staff's attitude towards hospice and perception of death and thereby, provided for the data useful for their education on hospice. This study may be significant in that it proved that it would be essential to educate hospital staff on hospice for more effective care of hospice pa

Prediction of Changes in Habitat Distribution of the Alfalfa Weevil (Hypera postica) Using RCP Climate Change Scenarios

김미정,이희조,반영규,이수동,김동언,Kim, Mi-Jeong,Lee, Heejo,Ban, Yeong-Gyu,Lee, Soo-Dong,Kim, Dong Eon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2018 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.57 No.3

Climate change can affect variables related to the life cycle of insects, including growth, development, survival, reproduction and distribution. As it encourages alien insects to rapidly spread and settle, climate change is regarded as one of the direct causes of decreased biodiversity because it disturbed ecosystems and reduces the population of native species. Hypera postica caused a great deal of damage in the southern provinces of Korea after it was first identified on Jeju lsland in the 1990s. In recent years, the number of individuals moving to estivation sites has concerned scientists due to the crop damage and national proliferation. In this study, we examine how climate change could affect inhabitation of H. postica. The MaxEnt model was applied to estimate potential distributions of H. postica using future climate change scenarios, namely, representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. As variables of the model, this study used six bio-climates (bio3, bio6, bio10, bio12, bio14, and bio16) in consideration of the ecological characteristics of 66 areas where inhabitation of H. postica was confirmed from 2015 to 2017, and in consideration of the interrelation between prediction variables. The fitness of the model was measured at a considered potentially useful level of 0.765 on average, and the warmest quarter has a high contribution rate of 60-70%. Prediction models (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) results for the year 2050 and 2070 indicated that H. postica habitats are projected to expand across the Korean peninsula due to increasing temperatures. 기후변화는 곤충의 성장, 발육, 생존, 생식력, 분포범위 등 생활사의 변수들에 영향을 준다. 특히 외래곤충의 경우 생태계 정착 및 확산이 빨라지고 있으며, 생태계 교란, 토착종 감소 등 생물다양성을 감소시키는 직접적인 원인 중 하나이다. 알팔파바구미는 1990년대 제주도에서 처음 발견 후 남부지방에 대량 발생하여 농업해충으로 인식되었다. 최근 하면처로 이동하는 개체에 의한 밭작물의 피해와 여러 시군에서 서식이 확인되며 확산의 우려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화가 알팔파바구미에 미치는 영향에 대해 파악하였다. 미래의 기후 시나리오 RCP 4.5와 RCP 8.5에서 알팔파바구미의 잠재적 분포를 추정하기 위해 MaxEnt 모델을 적용하였다. 모형의 변수는 2015~2017년까지 알팔파바구미의 서식이 확인된 66개 지점과 종의 생태특성 및 예측변수간 상관성을 고려한 6개(bio3, bio6, bio10, bio12, bio14, bio16)의 생물기후를 사용하였다. 예측된 모형의 적합도는 평균 0.765로 잠재력이 의미 있는 값이며, 최고 따뜻한 분기의 평균기온(bio10)이 60~70%로 높은 기여도를 나타냈다. 2050년과 2070년의 시나리오(RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5)에 대한 모형의 결과는 한반도 전역에서 알팔파바구미의 분포 변화를 보여 주었으며, 기온상승에 따른 전국적 확산이 예측되었다.

차세대 국방기술정보통합서비스 구축에 관한 연구

김미정,Kim, Mi-Jeong 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.6

An information system for defense technology information management should assist the user's work and manager's decision-making by managing and timely providing data held by defense-related organizations. This paper proposes a plan for constructing an advance defense technology information service. DTiMS concentrates on the collection and management of defense science technology information but not its distribution. Therefore, it is important that the advanced distribution service model be established on the concept of total life cycle management that utilizes user information, so that it can provide proper information to each user in the defense field who require the information processed by their roles. This study examined the management of information and operation method through advanced case analysis. In addition, the analysis of existing services revealed improvements in the management of an information standard, the trace ability of information and usability, and improved user-interface. The proposed development direction was implemented by deploying the advanced DTiMS. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed methodology will contribute to the weapon system total life cycle, and will support defense technology planning, and R&D decisions. 국방기술정보관리를 위한 정보체계는 국방관련기관에서 개별적으로 보유하고 있는 데이터를 관리하고 적시에 제공하여 사용자의 업무 및 관리자의 의사결정을 지원해야한다. 본 연구의 목적은 국방기술정보관리체계인 DTiMS의 차세대 서비스 구축 방안을 제시함에 있다. 그동안 DTiMS는 법 제도적으로 부여된 임무인 국방과학기술정보 수집 관리 유통 역할을 수행함에 있어 수집관리 분야에 집중되어 왔다. 따라서 서비스 운영에 있어서 기술정보 유통분야 강화 및 수집관리방안 재정립이 필요한 시점이다. 이를 위해 수요자 관점에서 정보의 활용가치를 높일 수 있는 서비스 방향과 무기체계 총수명주기/기술획득 전 순기를 토대로 수집관리대상 기술정보 재정립 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 외 유관기관의 관리대상정보와 운영방안을 조사하여 비교 분석하였다. 또한 기존 서비스의 현황분석을 통해 관리대상정보 재정립, 정보관 연관성과 추적성, 사용자 활용성 강화를 위한 인터페이스 적용의 개선과제를 제시했다. 제안된 구축방향은 차세대 국방기술정보통합서비스(Defense Technology inforMation Service, DTiMS) 구축을 통하여 구현하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 무기체계 총수명주기 서비스로 발전하는데 기여할 것으로 기대되며, 국방 기술기획, 연구개발, 정책 의사결정을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 도구로써 활용될 것이다.

대식세포주에서 베타-글루칸에 의한 염증성 사이토카인의 발현

김미정,유한욱,조계형,김하원,Kim, Mi-Jeong,Ryu, Han-Wook,Cho, Gye-Hyung,Kim, Ha-Won 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Immune system can protect host attacking from a variety of microorganism and virus through innate and adaptive immunities. The innate immune system can be activated by recognition of conserved carbohydrates on the cell surface of pathogen resulting in protection, immunity regulation and inflammation. Immunostimulating and anti-tumor ${\beta}$-glucan, major cell wall component of many fungi, could be recognized as pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by C-type lectin such as pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) of host innate immunity cells. In spite of many studies of basidiomycetes ${\beta}$-glucan on immunostimulation, little is known about the precise mechanism as molecular-level. Among C-type lectins, dectin-1 was cloned and reported as a ${\beta}$-glucan receptor. In this report, we demonstrated induction of cytokine gene transcription by Ganoderma lucidum ${\beta}$-glucan in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by RT-PCR analysis. The expression of murine dectin-1 (MD-1) on RAW264.7 macrophage by RT-PCR showing both the full length, 757 bp $(MD-1{\alpha})$ and alternative spliced form, 620 bp $(MD-1{\beta})$. Both $MD-1{\alpha}$ and $MD-1{\beta}$ mRNAs were induced by ${\beta $-glucan both in the absence and presence of LPS. To explore expression of inflammatory cytokines by ${\beta}$-glucan, RAW264.7 cells were treated with ${\beta}$-glucan for 12 hours. As a result, the expressions of IL-1 IL-6, IL-l0 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were increased by ${\beta}$-glucan treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. From these results, ${\beta}$-glucan induced transcriptions of dectin-1 and immune activating cytokine genes, indicating induction of immune allertness by expressing dectin-1 and secreting inflammatory cytokines.