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지하수 중 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)의 동시분석법 마련 및 수질실태조사
김덕현,박선화,윤종현,최효정,김문수,정도환,김영,김현구,Kim, Deok Hyun,Park, Sunhwa,Yoon, Jong Hyun,Choi, Hyojung,Kim, Moonsu,Jeong, Do Hwan,Kim, Young,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2020 지하수토양환경 Vol.25 No.4
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that tend to persist in environmental media for a long period of time. This work presents a 2-year monitoring study of occurrence of three PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene, and fluoranthene) in groundwater. The groundwater samples were collected from 106 sites of nation's groundwater quality monitoring network and analyzed by simultaneous analysis method to quantify the concentrations of the PAHs. Benzo(a)pyrene was not detected in all samples. Naphthalene and fluoranthene concentrations ranged from not detected to 12.8 ng/L and not detected to 10.5 ng/L with their detection frequency being 57.8 and 4.2%, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in ground- and drinking waters are not currently regulated in Korea, but the concentration levels of naphthalene and fluoranthene found in this work were lower than the regulatory limits of other countries (naphthalene 0.001~0.07 mg/L, fluoranthene 0.001~1.4 mg/L). The monitoring result of this study revealed that PAHs exist as trace amounts in domestic groundwater, however continuos monitoring is necessary to protect groundwater from PAHs contamination with growing industrialization and urbanization.
석유계 총 탄화수소(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, TPH) 분획분석법을 이용한 지하수 중 유류오염물질 분포특성 평가
김덕현,박선화,최민영,김문수,윤종현,이경미,전상호,송다희,김영,정현미,김현구,Kim, Deok Hyun,Park, Sunhwa,Choi, Min-Young,Kim, Moonsu,Yoon, Jong Hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Young,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2018 지하수토양환경 Vol.23 No.5
Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is a mixture of various oil substances composed of alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc.). In this study, we investigated 92 groundwater wells around 36 gas stations to evaluate distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons. Groundwater in the wells was sampled and monitored twice a year. The fraction analysis method of TPH was developed based on TNRCC 1006. The test results indicated aliphatic and aromatic fractions accounted for 28.6 and 73.8%, respectively. The detection frequencies of TPH in the monitoring wells ranged in 21.6 - 24.2%. The average concentration of TPH was 0.11 mg/L with the concentration range of 0.25~0.99 mg/L. In the result of TPH fraction analysis, in aliphatic fractions were 19% (C6-C8 : 0.2%, C8-C10 : 0.4%, C10-C12 : 0.4%, C12-C16 : 0.5%, C16-C22 : 1.0%, C22-C36 : 16.6%), and aromatic fractions were 81% (C6-C8 : 1.1%, C8-C10 : 0%, C10-C12 : 2.9%, C12-C16 : 0.3%, C16-C22 : 4%, C22-C36 : 66.8%). Fractions of C22-C36 were detected in about 83% of the monitoring wells, suggesting non-degradable characteristics of hydrocarbons with high carbon content.
김덕현,김선영,김재공,Kim, Deok-Hyeon,Kim, Seon-Yeong,Kim, Jae-Gong 대한전자공학회 1985 전자공학회지 Vol.22 No.5
최근 특수목적의 신호처리 분야에서 레지듀 수체계의 특성 이용에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 바논문에서는 아날로그 입력으로부터 직접 레지듀 부호를 얻을 수 있는 A/R 변환방법을 제시하였고 이에 의해 RNS 디지탈 필터를 실현하였다. 끝으로 오차해석과 함께 RNS 특유의 스케일 오차 모델을 설정하였다. Recently, because of its pecularity, the Residue Number System has been considerable interest in spacial purpose signal processing. In this paper, a realization of digital filter based on residue properties were considered. To get the residue code directly from the analog input, a direct analog to residue conversion scheme were proposed. Finally error analysis is discussed and scaling error model is established.
Residue 수체계에 의한 복소 프로세서의 이론적 고찰
김덕현,김재공,Kim, Duck-Hyun,Kim, Jae-Kong 대한전자공학회 1983 전자공학회지 Vol.20 No.6
본 논문은 조합논리회로를 사용하여 레지듀 수체계에 의한 고속 복소수 곱셈기의 구성에 대하여 검토하였다. 레지듀 덧셈에서 나타나는 부호 결정과 오버플로우 교정 문제의 다른 방법을 제시하였으며 고려된 곱셈기의 연산 추정시간은 약 53. 15ns이었다. This paper discussed the high speed complex multiplier based on the Residue Number System (RNS) using combinational logic circuits. In addition, the sigil determination and overflow correction problem in residue addition has been studied. The estimated multiplication time of considered processor were about 53.15 ns.
Lidar Measurement of a Full Raman Spectrum of Water by Using a Multichannel Detector
김덕현,Sunghoon Baik,Hyungki Cha,Yonggi Kim,Imkang Song 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1
To measure the phase change of water molecules, we designed a new multi-channel meteorological Raman lidar system that can measure a full spectrum of the ro-vibrational Raman signal for water vapor and the vibrational Raman signal for liquid water simultaneously. To accomplish this, we have designed a receiving system by using a double grating and a holographic notch filter so that the total blocking ratio is approximately 10^-14. Using this system, we have measured a full spectrum of the vibration Raman signal for both liquid water and water vapor by using a multi-channel PMT near a cloud and in a clear atmosphere. From the preliminary experimental results, we can distinguish between cloud droplets and water vapor Raman signals. Using these Raman signals, we can also elucidate a difference between both hydrogen-bonded liquid water and water vapor near clouds and under clear conditions.
에어로졸 광학깊이를 이용한 에어로졸 크기분포 추출 연구
김덕현,Kim, Dukhyeon 한국광학회 2018 한국광학회지 Vol.29 No.4
본 연구에서는 250 nm와 1100 nm 사이에 있는 10개의 파장에서의 에어로졸 광학 깊이를 이용하여 에어로졸의 크기분포를 역산하는 연구를 수행하였다. 10개의 파장은 주요 대기 가스의 흡수선과 밴드를 피한 파장을 찾아서 선택하였다. 태양의 스펙트럼을 얻기 위해서 태양 추적시스템과 분광기를 구축하고 자체적으로 장치를 검정하였다. 본 장치를 이용해서 총 광학 깊이를 구하고 가스의 흡수나 공기의 산란을 제거하여 에어로졸의 광학 깊이를 구했다. 이정점 분포를 지닌 에어로졸 크기 분포를 역산하는 알고리즘을 제안하였고, 장치를 통해서 구한 에어로졸의 광학 깊이를 이용하여 다양한 임의의 대기 조건에서 그 크기분포를 역산하고 비교하였다. 이를 통하여 본 연구에서 사용한 방법론과 장치들이 미지의 입자 크기 분포를 추출하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 판단하였다. In this study, aerosol size distributions were retrieved from aerosol optical depth measured over a range of 10 wavelengths from 250 to 1100 nm. The 10 wavelengths were selected where there is no absorption of atmospheric gases. To obtain the solar spectrum, a home-made solar tracking system was developed and calibrated. Using this solar tracking system, total optical depths (TODs) were extracted for the 10 wavelengths using the Langley plot method, and aerosol optical depths (AODs) were obtained after removing the effects of gas absorption and Rayleigh scattering from the TODs. The algorithm for retrieving aerosol size distributions was suggested by assuming a bimodal aerosol size distribution. Aerosol size distributions were retrieved and compared under various arbitrary atmospheric conditions. Finally, we found that our solar tracking spectrometer is useful for retrieving the aerosol size distribution, even though we have little information about the aerosol's refractive index.
구름에서의 다중산란효과 계산 및 이를 이용한 구름 물리변수 원격 추출 방법 연구
김덕현,박선호,최성철,Kim, Dukhyeon,Park, Sunho,Choi, Sungcheol 한국광학회 2014 한국광학회지 Vol.25 No.1
구름에서의 다중산란 효과는 Mie 산란현상을 이용하는 탄성산란 라이다에서 그 해를 구하는데 있어서, 매우 중요한 오차요인으로 작용하기 때문에 이 효과를 보정하는 것은 그 자체만으로도 매우 중요하다. 이를 위하여 구름에서 다중산란되는 현상을 Monte Carlo 방법으로 계산하였으며, 이 결과를 적용하여 물방울 구름의 총량과 유효입자크기를 추출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 구름의 유효입자 크기가 $2.5{\mu}m$ 이하일 경우엔 355 nm나 1064 nm에서 얻은 두 파장의 소광계수로 쉽게 그 값들을 구할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 크기가 큰 경우엔 라이다 신호의 안정화된 선형편광도가 유효입자크기, 총량, 그리고 소광계수와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이 관계를 통하여 큰 입자의 경우에도 라만 라이다와 편광 라이다를 이용한다면 유효입자크기와 총량을 구할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Multiple scattering effects in cloud are important error sources of the Mie scattering Lidar inversion method, which should be measured to correct the Lidar equation in single wavelength Mie Lidar. We have calculated the multiple scattering effects in liquid water clouds by using a Monte Carlo method, and we have applied these multiple scattering effects in measuring water cloud effective size and LWC (Liquid Water Content). When cloud effective size is less than $2.5{\mu}m$, we can easily extract cloud effective size and LWC by using two wavelength Lidar such as extinction coefficients measured at 355nm and 1064nm. For a larger size cloud, we can find that saturated degree of linear polarization is strongly correlated with cloud effective size, LWC, and extinction coefficients. From these correlations we know that we can measure LWC and cloud effective size if we use single wavelength Rotational Raman Lidar and Mie scattering polarization Lidar.