초음파 백내장쪼개기와 작은 백내장쪼개기에 의한 백내장 수술의 비교

김덕수,김명준,김재용,차흥원,Deok-Soo Kim,Myoung-Joon Kim,Jae-Yong Kim,Hung-Won Tchah 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.11

Purpose: To compare effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), the severity of corneal swelling and corneal endothelial cell density after cataract surgery between the phaco chop method and the mini chop method. Methods: Cataract surgery was performed by phaco chop (15 eyes) or by mini chop (13 eyes) method in 28 eyes of 27 patients. The nuclear opacity of cataract grade was more than 5 on LOCS (Lens opacities classification system) III. EPT and the amount of irrigated BSS solution were measured during the operation. Corneal thickness (preoperative, immediate postoperative, postoperative 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) and corneal endothelial cell density (preoperative, postoperative 1month and 3 months) were measured. Results: The EPT of phaco chop group was 5.2 sec and that of mini chop was 1.0 sec (p=0.000). The amount of irrigated BSS was 193.7 ml and 170.4 ml in the phaco chop group and the mini chop group, respectively. The increase in corneal thickness was 3.2% and 0.9% at immediately after surgery (p=0.128), 19.0% and 10.5% at postoperative 1 day (p=0.088), 5.7% and 1.5% at postoperative 1 week (p=0.080), 0% and -1.3% at postoperative 1 month (p=0.717), and -0.4% and -0.6% at postoperative 3 months (p=0.890) in the phaco chop group and the mini chop group, respectively. Corneal endothelial cell density decreased 23.0% in the phaco chop group and 9.4% in the mini chop group at postoperative 1 month (p=0.005) and 22.9%, 12.6%, at 3 months respectively (p=0.036). Conclusions: The mini chop technique reduced permanent endothelial cell damage in comparison with the phaco chop method and might be more effective in decreasing corneal swelling during the early postoperative period than the phaco chop method.

내관(PC-6) 및 위유(BL-21)의 자침 및 수침이 xylazine을 투여한 개에 미치는 구토 억제효과

김덕수,유건주,이정연,김명철,신상태,김덕환,Kim, Duck-Soo,Liu, Jianzhu,Lee, Jung-Yeon,Kim, Myung-Cheol,Shin, Sang-Tae,Kim, Duck-Hwan 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

This study was performed to elucidate the effect of acupuncture and aqua-acupuncture in dogs. Each group was divided into control (18 dogs), PC-6 (6 dogs) and BL-21 (6 dogs) group for the antiemetic effect of acupuncture, respectively. And, the animals were divided into control (18 dogs), PC-6 (18 dogs) and BL-21 (18 dogs) group for the antiemetic effect of aqua-acupuncture with metoclopramide, respectively. 2% xylazine was injected to the all dogs to induce the emesis, and acupuncture and aqua-acupuncture treatment (0.5% metoclopramide) were applied to animals for 20 min. before xylazine injection, respectively. Emetic rates in PC-6 (33.3%) and BL-21 (16.7%) were lower than that of control group (44.4%) in acupuncture groups, respectively. Emetic rates in PC-6 (16.7%) and BL-21 (0.0%) were lower than that of control group (38.9%) in aqua-acupuncture groups, respectively. Based on these findings, it was considered that the antiemetic effects of acupuncture and aqua-puncture at BL-21 were more effective than those of PC-6 groups, and aqua-acupuncture with metoclopramide at BL-21 was the most effective among them.

황반부종 치료를 위한 유리체강내 트리암시놀론 주입의 효용성

김덕수,박혜련,윤영희,Deok-Soo Kim,Hye-Ryun Park,Young-Hee Yoon 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.10

Purpose: To investigate the effect of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the treatment of macular edema due to several causes. Methods: One hundred eyes of 98 patients (DM, 58 eyes; branch retinal vein occlusion, 42 eyes) who received an intravitreal injection of 4mg (0.1cc) TA were included in this study. We performed preoperative and 1-, 3- and 6-month postoperative examinations that included stereoscopic biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography (71 eyes) and optical coherence tomography (85 eyes). Pre- and postoperative visual acuity and IOP were measured. Results: After 1 month, visual improvement by 1 line or more was achieved in 62 eyes (62.0%). Sixty-five eyes (65.0%) and 49 eyes (57.6%) showed improved visual acuity after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Macular thickness decreased by 46.5% after 1 month, by 49.4% after 3 months, and by 50.8% after 6 months. There were no significant differences in visual improvement or thickness reduction between diabetic macular edema and edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. There was no correlation between improvement of visual acuity and macular edema thickness decrease. Complications included a transient rise in intraocular pressure in 9 eyes and a secondary cataract in one eye. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg (0.1 cc) is an effective, simple and safe treatment for diabetic macular edema and macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

HLA/RTI를 이용한 워게임 시뮬레이터와 통신 효과 시뮬레이터의 연동 시뮬레이션 연구

김덕수,배장원,박수범,김탁곤,Kim, Deok-Su,Bae, Jang Won,Park, Soo Bum,Kim, Tag Gon 한국군사과학기술학회 2015 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Wargame simulators are widely used in the field of defence modeling and simulation. Because of increasing importance of communication effects on the warfare, the war game simulator is also required to reflect communication effects. One way to satisfy the requirement is the interoperation simulation between war game simulator and communication effect simulators. This paper shows the application of interoperation simulation between war game and communication effect simulators using HLA(High-Level Architecture)/RTI(RunTime Infrastructure). The war game simulator mainly deal with the engagement of troops and the troops communicate each other at the mission execution level. In the other hand, The communication effect simulator perform communication actions between the troops in the engineering level. Using the interoperation simulation, we can reflect the communication effects on the war game simulation. We show various applications of the interoperation simulation with the point of the war game and communication effect simulator. with a case study, we explain the interoperation simulation improves the reality and fidelity of the war game simulator and how the interoperation simulation can be applied to developing doctrines and real communication system.

칼슘 및 탈륨 이온으로 치환된 제올라이트 A, $Ca_xTl_{12-2x}-A$ (x = 1.4 및 5.6)를 탈수한 결정구조

김덕수,송승환,김양,Kim Duk Soo,Song Seong Hwan,Kim, Yang Korean Chemical Society 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Two crystal structures of fully dehydrated Ca(II) and Tl(I) exchanged zeolite A, $Ca_{5.6}Tl_{0.8}-A (a = 12.242(2){\AA})\;and\;Ca_{1.4}Tl_{9.2}-A (a = 12.191(1){\AA})$, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1)$^{\circ}C$. All crystals were ion exchanged in flowing streams of mixed $Ca(NO_3)_2\;and\;TINO_3$ aqueous solution with total concentration of 0.05M. All crystals were dehydrated at 360$^{\circ}C$ under $2{\times}10^{-6}\;torr$ for two days. The structures of the dehydrated $Ca_{5.6}Tl_{0.8}-A$ and $Ca_{1.4}Tl_{9.2}-A$ were refined to the final error indicies, $R_1$ = 0.072 and $R_2$ = 0.076 with 179 reflections for I > 3$\sigma$(I), and $R_1$ = 0.048 and $R_2$ = 0.043 with 226 reflections for I > 3$\sigma$(I), respectively. In each structure, Ca(II) ions are located on threefold axes associated with three 6-ring oxygens. $Ca^{2+}$ ions prefer to 6-ring sites and $Tl^+$ ions prefer to 8-ring sites when total number of exchanged cations per unit cell is more than 8. Ca(II) 와 Tl(I)으로 교환되고 완전히 진공 탈수된 2개의 제올라이트 A 결정 즉, $Ca_{5.6}Tl_{0.8}-A (a = 12.242(2){\AA})\;와\;Ca_{1.4}Tl_{9.2}-A (a = 12.191(1){\AA})$의 구조를 21(1)$^{\circ}C$에서 입방공간군 Pm3m을 사용하여 X-선 단결정 회절법으로 해석하였다. 이들 두 결정은 총농도를 0.05M로 한 $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 와 $$TINO_3$ 혼합용액을 사용하여 흐름법으로 이온교환하여 만들었고 탈수는 360$^{\circ}C$ 및 $2{\times}10^{-6}\;torr$에서 2일간 행하였다. $Ca_{5.6}Tl_{0.8}-A$ 구조에서는 I > 3$\sigma$(I)인 회절점 179개를 사용하여 $R_1$ = 0.072 와 $R_2$ = 0.076까지, $Ca_{1.4}Tl_{9.2}-A$구조에서는 I > 3$\sigma$(I)인 회절점 226개를 사용하여 $R_1$ = 0.048 and $R_2$ = 0.043까지 정밀화시켰다. 두 구조에서 Ca(II) 이온은 3개의 6-링 산소와 결합하면서 3회 회전축 상에 위치하였다. 단위세포당 교한된 양이온의 총수가 8개 이상이면 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 6-링 자리에, $Tl^+$ 이온은 8-링 자리에 우선적으로 위치한다.

해외동향분석-일본 기술력의 근원과 일본 기술의 특성

김덕수,Kim, Deok-Su 과학기술정책연구원 1995 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.78

주한 미군 EC 프로젝트의 현황과 시공관리 주체의 변화에 대한 기초연구

김덕수,Kim, Duk-Su 한국건설관리학회 2006 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.7 No.3

주한 미군의 EC(Engineering/Construction) 시장에서 최근 나타나는 경향은: (1) MATOC(Multiple Award Task Order Contract)의 도입: (2)프로젝트의 대형화: 그리고 (3)대형 미국 EC회사들의 주한 미군 시장 진입으로 요약된다. 이러한 새로운 경향에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 주한 미군 EC 시장의 변화를 시공관리 주체의 변화에 초점을 맞추어 분석한다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 주한 미군 EC 프로젝트들은 FED에 의해 관리되어 왔다. 그러나 최근에는 대형 미국 민간 EC 회사들이 한국에 진입하여 FED의 시공관리 역할을 대체하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 향 후 10여 년 간의 LPP(Land Partnership Plan: 한미연합 토지 관리계획)에 의한 한국에서의 비즈니스 기회와 시공관리 주체의 민영화를 통해 군 관련 공사비를 절약하려는 미 정부의 의도에 따라 가속화 되고 있다. 이러한 시장의 변화는 미국 대형 EC 회사들과의 JV(Joint Venture)를 통해 외국 시장에 관한 정보를 획득하고 선진 시공 관리 기술을 배울 수 있는 기회가 되기 때문에, 주한 미군 한국 EC 시장에 진입하는 미국의 대형 EC 회사들은 주한 미군 공사를 수주해 온 국내 EC 회사들에게는 위협임과 동시에 기회일 수 있다. Emerging trends regarding USFK(United States Forces, Korea)'s EC(Engineering/Construction) market include: (1) introduction of MATOC(Multiple Award Task Order Contract); (2) increase of DB(Design-Build) contract; and (3) encroachment of large US-origin private EC firms upon Korea. This study analyzes the change of USFK's EC market with focus on the change of construction management actors for USFK's EC projects. Specifically, USFK's EC projects have been managed by FED(Far East District). Recently, however, the large US private EC companies substitute the role previously taken by FED. This phenomenon is accelerated by the business chances in Korea due to LPP(Land Partnership Plan) and intentions of US Government to save military construction costs by means of utilizing US private EC companies. The large US EC firms entering into Korea are business opportunities as well as challenges to Korean EC firms, which are contracting USFK's EC projects. This study concludes that, through teaming joint venture with the large US EC firms, the market changes can be opportunities to acquire foreign market information and learn advanced construction management skill from them.

BCD Platform과의 집적화에 적합한 고성능 Lateral Super Barrier Rectifier의 연구

김덕수,이희덕,Kim, Duck-Soo,Lee, Hi-Deok 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.6

This paper suggests a high performance lateral super barrier rectifier (Lateral SBR) device which has the advantages of both Schottky diode and pn junction, that is, low forward voltage and low leakage current, respectively. Advantage of the proposed lateral SBR is that it can be easily implemented and integrated in current BCD platform. As a result of simulation using TCAD, BVdss = 48 V, $V_F=0.38V$ @ $I_F=35mA$, T_j = $150^{\circ}C$ were obtained with very low leakage current characteristic of 3.25 uA.

가와사끼병에서 감마글로불린 재투여가 필요했던 경우의 임상적 특징

김덕수,한윤수,한헌석,Kim, Deok-Soo,Hahn, Yoon-Soo,Han, Heon-Seok 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.11

목 적 : 저자들은 IVGG의 재투여가 필요했던 환아들의 검사소견 및 임상적 특징을 알아보고, 재투여가 필요 없었던 환아들과 비교하여 재투여가 필요한 환아를 예측할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1997년 10월부터 2001년 2월까지 적어도 6개월 이상의 추적관찰이 가능하였던 117명의 환자를 대상으로 통상적인 혈액검사, 심전도, 신호평준화 심전도, 심초음파도를 후향적으로 검토하였다. IVGG 한번 투여 후 recurrent fever 혹은 recrudescence fever를 보이는 6명(5.1%)에게는 IVGG를 한번 더 투여하였으며, 그래도 발열이 지속되는 경우는 methylprednisolone를 한번 내지 두번을 pulse로 주었다. 결 과: 전체 117명의 환아 중 23명(19.7%)에서 6개월 이상의 추적 기간중 심장의 합병증이 생겼으며, 초기 심장의 합병증이 23명에서, 후기 합병증은 4명에서 관찰되었다. IVGG의 재투여가 필요했던 환자는 6명(5.1%)이었으며, 초기의 심장합병증은 IVGG을 재투여한 군에서 1회 투여한 군에 비하여 높으며(P<0.0001), 장기적인 심장 합병증도 재투여군이 높았다(P<0.0001). IVGG 재투여군 중 m-PD까지 사용했던 군도 초기 합병증 및 후기 합병증이 1회 투여군에 비하여 현저히 높았다. 전체적인 합병증 유무에 따른 여러 가지 검사 소견 중 CRP만이 합병증이 있는 군에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었으며($11.94{\pm}7.43$ vs $6.97{\pm}6.41$ P<0.01), IVGG 재투여군이 1회 투여군보다 CRP가 현저히 증가되어 있었다($15.68{\pm}8.67$ vs $7.44{\pm}6.50$ P<0.05). 결 론: 초기 검사에서 CRP가 현저히 높은 군이 합병증의 발생빈도도 높고 IVGG을 재 투여할 가능성도 높다. 그러나, IVGG의 재투여가 관상동맥 합병증의 발생을 감소시키지는 못하였다. 이는 IVGG의 재투여가 필요했던 군에서는 CRP의 결과에서 보듯이 많은 양의 IVGG가 필요할 정도로 심한 염증반응이 있었거나 IVGG 자체로는 효과적으로 심장 후유증을 예방할 수 없기 때문이라고 생각된다. Purpose : Although the use of intravenous gamma-globulin(IVGG) in Kawasaki disease(KD) is effective in reducing clinical symptoms and coronary artery complications, 20-30% of patients have persistent or recrudescent fever and ongoing clinical symptoms. In these patients, the additional infusion of IVGG is considered. The authors studied the characteristics of patients who received IVGG retreatment, and compared them with the patients who did not need IVGG retreatment, for determination of IVGG retreatment. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 117 KD patients who could be followed up at least six months. We studied the conventional laboratory findings, electrocardiogram(EKG), signal averaged ECG(SAECG) and echocardiogram. Results : Twenty three patients had early cardiac complications during the six months of follow-up. Four patients had late cardiac complications after six months. The early cardiac complication rate was higher in the IVGG retreatment group than the single infusion group(P<0.0001). The late complication rate was also higher in the retreatment group(P<0.0001). The patients who received methyl-prednisolone(m-PD) pulse therapy had much higher rates of early and late cardiac complications than those who received a single IVGG infusion. Among the clinical data and laboratory findings, only CRP increased significantly in patients who have had the cardiac complications. The IVGG retreatment group had increased CRP than the single infusion group. Conclusion : The patients with increased initial CRP may have an increased incidence of complications and an increased possibility of IVGG retreatment. We thought that retreated KD patients might have inflammations severe enough to need high dose IVGG as shown by high CRP levels, and IVGG retreatment could not prevent coronary artery lesions sufficiently.

FTES/$O_2$-PECVD 방법에 의한 SiOF 박막형성

김덕수,이지혁,이광만,강동식,최치규,Kim, Duk-Soo,Lee, Ji-Hyeok,Lee, Kwang-Man,Gang, Dong-Sik,Choe, Chi-Kyu 한국재료학회 1999 한국재료학회지 Vol.9 No.8

FTES/$O_2$-PECVD 방법에 의하여 증착된 SiOF 박막의 특성을 FT-IR, SPS, 그리고 ellipsometry로 분석하였다. 유전상수, breakdown field와 누설전류 밀도는 MIS(Au/SiOF/p-Si) 구조로 형성하여 C-V와 I-V특성곡선으로부터 측정하였다. SiOF박막의 step-coverage는 SEM 단면사진으로 조사하였다. FTES와 $O_2$의 유량을 각각 300sccm으로 반응로에 주입하였을 때 양질의 SiOF 박막이 형성되었다. 형성된 박막의 유전상수는 3.1로서 다른 산화막보다 더 낮은 값으로 나타났다. breakdown field와 누설전류밀도는 약 10MV/cm와 $8{\times}10^{9}A/\textrm{cm}^2$로 측정되었다. $0.3{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 금속 패턴에 $2500{\AA}$의 두께로 증착된 SiOF 박막은 전극간에 void가 없이 우수한 덮힘을 보였다. Characteristics of SiOF films deposited by a FTES/$O_2$-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectro spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. Electrical properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric breakdown and leakage current density are investigated using C-V and I-V measurements with MIS(Au/SiOF/p-Si) capacitor structure. Stepcoverage of the films have been also characterized using scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry. A high quality SiOF film was formed on that the flow rates of FTES and $O_2$were 300sccm, respectively. The dielectric constant of the deposited SiOF film was about 3.1. This value is lower than that of the oxide films obtained using other method. The dielectric breakdown field and leakage current are more than 10MV/cm and about $8[\times}10^{9}A/\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. The deposited SiOF film with thickness as $2500{\AA}$ on the $0.3{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ metal pattern shows a high step-coverage without a void.