이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 록 연산과 직렬화 그래프를 이용한 이동 트랜잭션의 직렬성 유지 방법

김대인(Daein Kim),황부현(Buhyun Hwang) 한국정보과학회 1999 정보과학회논문지(B) Vol.26 No.9

이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이동 호스트는 제한된 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용하고 이동 트랜잭션의 응답 시간을 향상시키기 위하여 캐쉬를 이용한다. 그리고 이동 호스트에 캐슁된 데이타가 이동 지구국에서 갱신되면 이동 호스트의 캐쉬 일관성을 유지하기 위하여 이동 지구국은 무효화 메시지를 방송한다. 그러나 이동 지구국에서 주기적으로 무효화 메시지를 방송하는 방법은 이동 트랜잭션의 빠른 처리를 위하여 이동 지구국으로부터 데이타를 즉시 캐슁하는 경우에 이동 트랜잭션의 직렬가능한 수행을 보장할 수 없는 경우가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 캐슁된 데이타를 이용하여 이동 트랜잭션을 수행하는 경우에 록을 이용하여 이동 트랜잭션의 직렬가능한 수행을 보장하는 UCL-MT 방법과 록 관리 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 UCL-MT 방법은 이동 트랜잭션을 완료하기 이전에 이동 트랜잭션이 접근한 데이타 정보를 이용하여 지구국에서 사이클을 탐지함으로써 이동 트랜잭션의 직렬가능한 수행을 보장한다. 또한 제안하는 록 관리 방법은 이용할 수 있는 대역폭의 크기에 따른 무효화 메시지 내용의 변화에 유연하게 적용될 수 있다. In mobile computing environments, a mobile host caches the data to use the narrow bandwidth efficiently and improve the response time of a mobile transaction If the cached data in mobile host is updated at a mobile support station, the mobile support station broadcasts an invalidation message for maintaining the cache consistency of a mobile host. But when a mobile transaction accesses the data which is not in cache, if a mobile host caches the data immediately from a mobile support station for processing a mobile transaction rapidly, the method that a mobile support station broadcasts an invalidation message periodically, happens to the case that can not guarantee the serializable execution of a mobile transaction. In this paper, we propose the UCL-MT method and lock management method, as a mobile transaction is executed using cached data Since, using the data a mobile transaction accessed, the UCL-MT method detects a cycle in a mobile support station before the completion of the mobile transaction, it guarantees the serializable execution of the mobile transaction. Also, proposing lock management method can be adapted flexibly at the change of invalidation message content, according to the available bandwidth.

Brake Pad/Shoe용 VOC-Free 수용성 구조접착제 및 적용공정 개발

김대인(Daein Kim),배중돈(Joongdon Bae),박종철(Jongchul Park),이순홍(Soonhong Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2002 No.11

Organic solvent(benzene, toluene, xylene) type structural adhesives for bonding automobile parts(brake pad/shoe)<br/> emitted toxic VOCs(volatile organic compounds) from adhesion process by heating that occurred environmental<br/> pollution in working place. VOC-Free water soluble structural adhesives as a substitute for the organic solvent type<br/> adhesives and expensive water soluble adhesives of foreign production were prepared by using water soluble<br/> ingredients such as phenol resins, rubber derivatives and various additives. The VOC-Free adhesives meet the all<br/> terms of requirement of automobile brake parts manufacturing companies including destructive shear strength and<br/> residual adhesion area under the hot and ambient test temperature conditions. Specially, the VOC-Free adhesives can<br/> be adapted for the spray application process in the viscosity range of 154~503cps. Measuring results of working<br/> environment, organic solvent type adhesives were detected considerable amount of toxic VOCs such as toluene,<br/> methyl ethyl ketone, 1-butanol and phenol in the adhesion process by heating. But, VOC-Free adhesives were not<br/> emitted any toxic pollutants mentioned above except methanol with very low concentration.

행정입법의 내용에 대한 통제기준

김대인(Daein Kim) 유럽헌법학회 2009 유럽헌법연구 Vol.5 No.-

The Legislation Office of Korean National Assembly Secretariat has established five standards of review of administrative rule-making. This paper analyses the feasibility and rationality in contents of administrative rule-making. When we view `the feasibility and rationality in contents of administrative rule-making`, we should address two issues. First, this standard is characterized by highest degree of review, because it can entail the `rationality review`, while other 4 reviews are confined to the `legality review`. In this context, this standard should not be used as infringing principle of separation of power. We cannot interpret that Article 98-2 ③ of National Assembly Act allows `rationality review` apparently. However, considering the democratic legitimacy of National Assembly, the degree of `legality review` can be higher than that of court. This means that `legality review` of National Assembly can be assimilated substantially to `rationality review`. Second, the meaning of this standard is not clear. The Legislation Office of Korean National Assembly Secretariat explains `rule-making which lacks reasonableness or rationality` as follows: `rule-making which provides contents only for administrative convenience rather than public interest, such as ones which show non-consideration of crucial points, too limited or too broad extent of its application.` However, this explanation is far from clear. This standard should be explained more concretely so that this standard is not used arbitrarily. In this context, five criteria should be used in following order: ① rule-making which only targets administrative convenience; ② rule-making which lacks transparency and clarity; ③ rule-making which stipulates contents not suiting with upper legislation, for example rule-making which does not consider crucial consideration point; ④ rule-making which violates general principle of administrative law; ⑤ rule-making which is not in line with constitutional law. 국회사무처 법제실은 행정입법 분석사업 시작 초기부터 그 기준을 제시하고 그에 따라 행정입법을 분석검토하려고 노력하였다. 그 결과 5가지의 기준이 정착되어 있는데 본 논문은 ‘법령내용의 타당성 및 합리성 여부’를 구체적으로 검토하고자 한다. ‘법령내용의 타당성 및 합리성 여부’기준을 구체화함에 있어서는 다음과 같은 점을 고려해야 한다. 첫째, 이 기준은 나머지 네 가지 기준들과 비교할 때 통제강도가 가장 강하다는 점이다. 나머지 네 가지 기준들은 주로 합법성 통제에 초점이 맞추어져 있지만, ‘법령내용의 타당성 및 합리성 여부’ 기준은 합목적성 통제까지 포함할 수 있기 때문이다. 이처럼 통제강도가 강하다는 점은 이 기준을 권력분립원리와 부합하도록 운영해야 할 필요성이 큼을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 이에 관해서 살펴보면 국회법 제98조의 2 제3항에서 명시적으로 합목적성 심사를 허용하고 있다고 보기는 힘들다. 그러나 국회의 민주적 정당성을 고려할 때 같은 합법성심사라고 하더라도 법원에 비해서 심사 강도가 강해질 수 있고 이 경우 실질적으로는 합목적성심사에 근접하는 결론에 이를 수 있다고 생각한다. 둘째, 법령내용의 ‘타당성 및 합리성 여부’라는 기준이 매우 불명확하다는 점이다. 국회사무처 법제실은 이에 관해서 “법문작성시에 중요한 고려사항을 흠결하고 있다거나 법령의 적용요건이나 적용대상에 관하여 지나치게 협소하거나 또는 광범위하게 규정하는 등 국민전체의 이익보다는 행정의 편의를 도모하는 내용을 규정”하는지 여부를 기준으로 제시하고 있으나 이것도 그 내용이 명확하다고 보기는 힘들다. 이 기준이 자의적으로 운영되지 않도록 하기 위해서는 이를 보다 구체화한 기준을 제시해줄 필요가 있다. 이와 관련해서 살펴보면 다음과 같은 순서로 다섯 가지 유형을 심사하는 것이 바람직하다. 내용과 관련된 통제 중에서도 상대적으로 형식적인 기준에 의한 판단이 가능한 ① ‘행정편의주의적인 입법’과 ② ‘투명성 또는 명확성이 결여된 입법’여부를 먼저 판단한다. 다음으로는 ③ ‘상위법의 취지에 부합하지 않는 입법’을 기준으로 하되 이와 관련하여 ‘중요한 고려사항을 누락한 입법’여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하다. 다음으로 ④ ‘행정법의 일반원리에 위반되는 입법’이 아닌지를 판단하고, 마지막으로 ⑤ ‘헌법에 부합하지 않는 입법’여부를 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.

재정행정법과 국제경제법의 상관관계에서 본 정부조달계약

김대인(Kim Daein) 행정법이론실무학회 2007 행정법연구 Vol.- No.17

Government Procurement Act deals with the process of procuring goods, services and projects for public agency. As budget control is critical, this area was traditionally dealt in public finance law. This is the reason why government procurement was provided in Public Budget and Accounting Law and Local Government Finance Law. However, nowadays government procurement is provided in individual statutes('Act on the contract in which state is party', and 'Act on the contract in which local government is party') separated from Government Budget and Accounting Law and Local Government Finance Law. These enactments were influenced by Korea's joining in WTO Government Procurement Agreement(GPA). Considering the history of these enactments, the Korean government procurement contract needs to be dealt in 'correlation between public finance law and international economic law' context. Though government procurement contracts related statutes are separated from public financial basic laws, these contracts are still used as tools of public finance administration. Therefore, government procurement contract regime can be evaluated as apart of public finance law system. However, government procurement contract law system is different from traditional public finance law system in that it is equipped with various transparency related provisions including contracting type and review system. Considering these aspects of government procurement contracts, public law nature of these transparency-related provisions should be acknowledged, and these provisions should not be deemed to have just internal effect. This point can be evaluated as a positive correlation between public finance law and international economic law. On the other hand, WTO GPA has tendency of restricting the scope of individual countries' discretionary powers in public finance administrations. It especially restricts the industrial or technical policy use of government procurement contract. Guaranteeing the industrial or technical policy use of government procurement to a certain extent is meaningful for economic development of Korea and other developing countries. International economic system which is reorganized to enhance economic development of developing countries will contribute to the expansion of Korea's procurement market in the long-term. To this end, Korean government should make just effort to guarantee discretionary powers in public finance administrations in WTO GPA revision process.

수정된 부분의 의존성을 그래픽적으로 보여주는 소프트웨어 형상관리 시스템의 설계 및 구현

김대인(Daein Kim),양안서(Anseo Yang),서재봉(Jaebong Seo),남형도(Hyoungdo Nam),강민수(Minsu Kang),이상준(Sangjun Lee) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.12

Brake Pad/Shoe용 VOC-Free 수용성 구조접착제 및 적용공정 개발

김대인(Daein Kim),배중돈(Joongdon Bae),박종철(Jongchul Park),이순홍(Soonhong Lee) 대한기계학회 2002 대한기계학회 기타 간행물 Vol.2002 No.11

공공조달계약 관련법제의 개혁에 대한 고찰

김대인(Daein Kim) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2009 江原法學 Vol.28 No.-

‘Public procurement contract’ means the contract which is concluded in the process of procuring goods, services and works between public agency and contractor. In Korea, these contracts are regulated mainly by ‘Act on the contract in which state is a party’(hereinafter ‘State Contract Act’). Recently, there are arguments for reform of this Act, which calls for the need to study and analyze reform of public procurement contract in European Union(EU). In general, EU is making efforts to consider ‘public law element’ of public procurement law. First, EU's new public procurement directive adopted new contract type; namely “competitive dialogue”. In this contract type, public authorities have power of limiting the number of participants. However, EU directive provides measures to curb this power. Second, there are provisions related to transparency (which is one of the major principles in public law), such as information disclosure provision for the prevention of discrimination between participants. Third, EU directive acknowledges social or environmental considerations in public procurement by allowing these consideration as an award criteria. Fourth, EU guarantees fairness in public procurement by expanding cases of exclusion from bidding procedure. Considering these trends in EU, we can suggest the following reform tasks. First, we should be very careful in adopting this type of contract because ‘capture’ problem can be more serious in Korea. It is better for us to use and complement ‘negotiation procedure’. Second, e-procurement should be dealt in directly in ‘State Contract Act’ because of its importance in people's basic right. Although electronic auction is already introduced in Korea, it should be used very carefully considering industrial structure and contract culture of Korea. Third, ‘State Contract Act’ should provide more clearly that social or environmental considerations can be used as an award criteria. In its implementation, however, these considerations should be balanced with economic efficiency of public procurement itself. Fourth, we should abide by principle of proportionality in dealing with exclusion from bidding procedure.

자동차 폐 Oil률 재생용 여과 Media 개발

김대인(Daein Kim),배중돈(Joongdon Bae),이순홍(Soonhong Lee),김상욱(Sangwook Kim),홍진후(Jinwho Hong),최형(Hyeongki Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2000 한국자동차공학회 학술강연 논문집 Vol.- No.-

복권법제의 정당화요건

김대인(Daein Kim) 행정법이론실무학회 2007 행정법연구 Vol.- No.18

Considering the history and current situation of American Lottery system and the cultural difference between Korea and US, there are three conditions that need to be fulfilled before lottery system is justified in Korea. First, lottery system should not be a substitute for procuring public finance in regard to tax system. Second, reasonable portion of revenue from lottery system should be used for public interest. Third, lottery system should be managed not to stim ulate excessive speculative spirit. By enacting Lottery and Lottery Fund Act and Supervising Committee on Gambling Industry, legislature made efforts to fulfill these conditions, and succeeded in some respects. But in regard to transparency and format of public finance, improvement needs to be made. Lower Courts Decisions in relation to Public Contracts conducted during management of lottery system should be criticized in that lower courts did not consider the legal nature of this contract properly. Balanced perspective between public finance law, industry regulation law, and entertainment law is necessary for the Lottery System to take root. In viewing various discussions which took place in the American Lottery history, we should not merely follow the American Model, but strive to produce a Lottery Model that is appropriate to Korean situation.

유엔 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)의 관점에서 본 북한개발협력법제

김대인(Daein Kim) 한국국가법학회 2022 국가법연구 Vol.18 No.4

이 글에서는 유엔의 지속가능발전목표(Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs)를 중심으로 북한개발협력을 활성화하기 위한 법제적 과제를 살펴보았다. 2015년에 수립된 유엔의 SDGs는 경제, 사회, 환경 등 광범위한 어젠다를 아우르는 17개 목표와 169개 세부목표로 구성되어 있다. 북한은 2016년에는 유엔북한사무소와 공동으로 ‘유엔전략계획 2017-2021’를 수립하고, 2021년에는 ‘자발적 국가검토보고서’를 제출하는 등 이러한 SDGs에 대해서 적극적인 태도를 보이고 있다. 특히 ‘유엔전략계획 2017-2021’에서는 기존에 부정적인 태도를 보이던 인권중심 접근법을 채택하고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이 글에서는 SDGs 중 북한이 ‘유엔전략계획 2017-2021’에서 우선순위를 부여한 ‘건강과 웰빙(SDG3)’ 및 ‘SDGs를 위한 파트너십(SDG17)’과 관련된 북한법제를 집중적으로 살펴보았다. ‘건강과 웰빙(SDG3)’에 관한 북한법제로는 「인민보건법」과 「비상방역법」을, ‘SDGs를 위한 파트너십(SDG17)’에 관한 북한법제로는 「외국인투자법」, 「통계법」을 살펴보았다. 이러한 북한법제를 보면 보건의료협력을 비롯한 비경제적 분야의 교류를 활성화시킬 수 있는 법제적 기반이 약함을 알 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해서는 한국의 「국제개발협력기본법」과 같이 국제개발협력 전반에 관한 법제적 기반을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 SDGs의 이행상황을 모니터링하는 데에 필수적인 것이 ‘통계’인데, 현재 북한의 「통계법」은 기밀성을 원칙으로 하고 있는 한계가 있다. 최소한 SDGs에 대해서는 통계를 공개할 수 있도록 근거규정을 둘 필요가 있다. 유엔의 SDGs는 개도국과 선진국 모두에 적용되는 국제적인 규범이다. 즉, SDGs의 이행은 북한뿐만 아니라 한국도 노력해야 할 영역이라고 할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 한국의 「지속가능발전 기본법」과 「국제개발협력기본법」 간의 연계성을 강화할 필요가 있으며, 「국제개발협력기본법」과 「남북교류협력에 관한 법률」 간의 연계성도 강화할 필요가 있다. SDGs라는 국제규범을 이행하는 과정에서 남과 북이 각자의 법제개선을 위해서 노력하고 이와 관련한 교류를 활성화하는 것은 장기적으로 평화통일의 기반을 마련한다는 점에서 의미가 크다. 이 과정에서 남북교류협력법제와 국제개발협력법제를 통합적으로 보는 것이 반드시 필요하다고 하겠다. This paper analyzes the legal tasks to facilitate development cooperation in North Korea through UN ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs). UN SDGs, established in 2015, is composed of 17 Goals and 169 Targets, and it includes comprehensive agenda such as economy, social, and environment. North Korea government, with the cooperation with UN branch of North Korea, established ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021)’ in 2016, and furthermore published the ‘Voluntary National Review (VNR)’ in 2021. In particular, it is noticeable that ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021)’ adopted the ‘human rights-oriented approach’ to which North Korea was negative in the past. This paper deals with North Korean Law in relation to “health and wellbeing (SDG3)” and “partnership for SDGs (SDG17)”, which is prioritized by North Korea Government in ‘UN Strategic Plan (2016-2021).’ In relation to “health and wellbeing (SDG3)”, 「Act on People’s Health」 & 「Emergency Quarantine Act」 in North Korea is analyzed. In relation to “partnership for SDGs (SDG17)”, 「Foreign Investment Act」 & 「Statistics Act」 is dealt with. When we review the above SDGs related Acts in North Korea, we can find lack of legal ground which can facilitate non-economic international development cooperation in North Korea. To address this issue, it is necessary for North Korea to adopt law which covers the international development cooperation comprehensively. North Korean 「Statistics Act」 stipulates that confidentiality in statistics is the norm, hence this Act hampers the use of statistics which is indispensable in monitoring SDGs implementation. To facilitate SDGs, it is necessary to introduce legal ground for opening the SDGs’ related statistics. UN SDGs is a international norm which applies both developing & developed countries. Therefore, UN SDGs implementation is a task not only to North but also to South Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between 「Framework Act on Sustainable Development Act」 & 「Framework Act on International Development Cooperation」, and 「Framework Act on International Development Cooperation」 & 「Inter-Korean Exchange & Cooperation Act」. In SDGs’ implementation, South & North Korea should make effort to improve each law and strengthen the cooperation in relation to this law. It will be meaningful to lay the foundation for peaceful unification of South & North Korea. In this process, we should see 1) South-North Korea cooperation law and 2) international development cooperation law comprehensively.