일개 농촌지역의 초등학생과 주민에서 다환성 방향족 탄화수소와 톨루엔 노출이 요중 Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance 농도에 미치는 영향

김대선,이철호,엄상용,강택신,김용대,김헌,Kim, Dae-Seon,Lee, Chul-Ho,Eom, Sang-Yong,Kang, Tack-Shin,Kim, Yong-Dae,Kim, Heon 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Objectives : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and toluene have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study was performed to investigate the effects of low level exposure to PAHs or toluene on the lipid peroxidation level in elementary school children and the elderly in a rural area. Methods : Forty seven elementary school children and 40 elderly people who were living in a rural area and not occupationally exposed to PAH or toluene were the subjects of this study. Information about active or passive smoking and diet was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured, and these values were corrected with the urinary creatinine concentration. Results : In school children, the geometric means of the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid and TBARS levels were $0.02\;{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, $0.47\;{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, 0.14 g/g creatinine and $0.95\;{\mu}mol/g$ creatinine, respectively. Those values for the elderly were $0.07{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, $1.87{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, 0.11 g/g creatinine and $1.18\;{\mu}mol/g$ creatinine, respectively. The mean levels of urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol and TBARS were significantly higher in the elderly subjects than in the children. The urinary TBARS level was not correlated with the urinary 1-OHP, 2-naphthol and hippuric acid, but they were correlated with the age of the subjects. Conclusions : These results suggest that low level inhalation exposure to PAH or toluene does not markedly increase lipid peroxidation, and age is a significant determinant of lipid peroxidation.

Mobile IPv4/Mobile IPv6 통신을 위한 모바일 헤더 변환 메커니즘

김대선,홍충선,Kim, Dae-Sun,Hong, Choong-Seon 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.1B

IPv4/IPv6 통신 서비스를 위한 변환기는 호스트의 변경 없이 IPv6 호스트와 IPv4 호스트간의 통신을 지원해 준다. 그러나 호스트가 모바일 노드일 경우 삼각형 라우팅 문제가 발생한다. Mobile IPv4 모바일 노드가 이동할 경우 홈 에이전트와 IPv6의 CN(Correspondent Node)에게 반드시 이동 정보를 보내 주어야 하지만 현재 NAT-PT는 IPv4와 IPv6의 이동성 헤더인 모바일 IPv4/Mobile IPv6의 헤더 변환은 지원해 주지 않기 때문에 삼각형 라우팅 문제가 발생하여 Mobile IPv4와 Mobile IPv6간에 비효율적인 통신을 일으킨다. 본 논문에서는 Mobile IPv4와 Mobile IPv6 통신에서 발생하는 삼각형 라우팅 문제를 해결하기 위한 모바일 헤더 변환 메커니즘을 제안하였다. An interworking translator for IPv6 and IPv4 services can be defined as an intermediate component between a native IPv4 host and a native IPv6 host to enable direct communication between them without requiring any modifications to the hosts. But if the host is a mobile node, triangle routing problem occurs, since Mobile IPv4 allows mobile node to roam transparently in my network. In this situation, mobile node must notify transfer information to its own home agent and correspondent node in IPv6 network. But current NAT-PT does not permit mobility header translation. Therefore, NAT-PT does not support efficient communication between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. In this paper, we propose a mobility header conversion mechanism to resolve the triangle routing problem between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6.

한국에서의 원격탐사와 생태계 관리

김대선,유철상,천승규 ( Dae Seon Kim,Cheol Sang Ryu,Seung Kyu Chun ) 한국환경영향평가학회 1994 환경영향평가 Vol.3 No.1

A Nationwide survey of ecosystem in the Republic of Korea was accomplished from 1986 to 1990 and in that survey, GIS and remote sensong were used partially. This was done by the Ministry of Environment(MOE), which introduced remote sensing and GIS for environment management in late 1980`s. Especially the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) are under the research on systematization of environmental information with an ultimate goal of application of GIS and remote sensing to environmental impact assessment. Although the Korean peninsula is in a non-tropical zone, we introduce two case studies on remote sensing applications to ecosystem managements in the Republic of Korea. One is a study on change detection in urban vegetation of Seoul with Landsat data and the other is a study on detection of insect damaged pine tree area using Landsat TM data. The techniques involved and the concl ision from these studies were relevant to vegetation studies in tropical ecosystem.

심혈관계 질환 위험요인으로서의 중금속 - 납과 수은에 대한 분석 -

김대선,유승도,차정훈,안승철,이은희,Kim, Dae-Seon,Yu, Seung-Do,Cha, Jung-Hoon,Ahn, Seung-Chul,Lee, Eun-Hee 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives : We wanted to investigate the relationship between heavy metal, especially lead and mercury, to the blood pressure and cholesterol level in children. Methods : This study was undertaken in three primary schools and the study subjects were a total of 274 children. The lead in the blood and the urine mercury were analyzed by performing atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results : All of participants' blood lead levels and urine mercury concentrations were below the suggested level of concern according to the criteria of the CDC and ATSDR. We found no significant correlation between lead, mercury and the blood pressure. The blood lead level did not show any relationship with the blood pressure and cholesterol. However, the urine mercury levels were associated with the serum cholesterol. Conclusion : Our study suggests that mercury can induce an increase of cholesterol as a risk factor of myocardial infraction and coronary/cardiovascular disease.

수은 고노출지역 주민의 수은노출요인과 노출량 변화에 관한 연구

김대선,권영민,정희웅,최경희,KIM, Dae Seon,Kwon, Young Min,Chung, Hee-Ung,CHOI, Kyunghee 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives: The 2007 Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body found the highest blood mercury levels nationwide among residents in Seoksan-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeonsangbuk-do. With the aim to reduce the blood mercury levels of residents in this region, we conducted this study to identify the association between mercury exposure levels and shark meat consumption. Methods: This survey was conducted with 118 participants in Seoksan-ri before the Chuseok festival and 113 residents were added afterwards. Information on participants was collected via questionnaires. Total mercury concentrations in biological samples were measured using a mercury analyzer with the gold-amalgam collection method. Results: To identify this, we conducted mercury exposure level analysis before and after the Chuseok festival and found that blood and urinary mercury levels after Chuseok (GM of $6.9{\mu}g/L$ in blood and $1.68{\mu}g/g$_cr in urine) were higher than those before (GM of $5.29{\mu}g/L$ in blood and $1.44{\mu}g/g$_cr in urine). This area maintains a custom of using shark meat as one of the ancestral rite foods, and the performance of such rites and shark meat consumption have been identified as main sources of mercury exposure. Other than this, smoking, dental amalgam treatment and residential period in the area also contributed to an increase in mercury exposure levels. On the other hand, recent consumption of oriental medicine and vaccination did not have a significant influence on mercury levels. Conclusion: The results were attributed to the local custom of consuming shark meat with high mercury concentrations during rituals taking place during the festival and ancestral rites. Given that the blood mercury levels in 23.2% of the residents exceeded the HBM II values recommended by the German Commission on Human Biological Monitoring, it is suggested that further appropriate actions and follow-up measures be taken to reduce the mercury exposure levels of the residents that exceeded the reference values.

수은 고노출 지역 초등학생의 수은노출수준과 노출요인 연구

김대선,권영민,정희웅,남상훈,유승도,Kim, Dae Seon,Kwon, Young Min,Chung, Hee-Ung,Nam, Sang Hoon,Yu, Seung Do 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Objectives: Blood mercury levels among adults living in certain areas of the Gyeongsang Provinces have been shown to be very high (Kunwee County $29.6{\mu}g/L$, Yeongcheon-city $26.7{\mu}g/L$). The purpose of this project was to determine mercury exposure levels in schoolchildren and factors related with their mercury levels in high mercury exposure areas identifyed by the 2007 Korea National Environmental Health Survey. Methods: From June to September 2010, 1,097 students from grades 3 to 6 at 19 elementary schools participated in this study, including 294 students from 10 elementary schools in Kunwee County, 529 students from Yeongcheon City, 122 students from two elementary schools in Pohang City, North Gyeongsang Province, and 152 students from two elementary schools in Ulsan Metropolitan City. Biological samples from schoolchildren, including whole blood, urine and hair, were collected to measure total mercury at the time of a health check up. Information about children was collected by questionnaire. Total mercury concentrations in blood were measured using the Direct Mercury Analyzer 80 with the gold-amalgam collection method. Results: The mean mercury levels were $2.70{\mu}g/L$ in 1,091 blood samples, $2.25{\mu}g/g-creat.$ in 820 urine samples and $1.03{\mu}g/g$ in 1,064 hair samples. Blood mercury levels in the schoolchildren was slightly higher than the result of $2.4{\mu}g/L$ from a 2006 survey of elementary school children on exposure and health effects of mercury by the National Institute of Environmental Research. However, 0.3% and 4.5% of participants exceeded the reference level of blood mercury by CHBMII ($15{\mu}g/L$) and the US EPA ($5.8{\mu}g/L$), respectively. The reference level of urine by CHBMII ($20{\mu}g/L$) was exceeded by 0.4% of participants. As factors, residence period in the study areas, residence type, father's education level and income all showed significant associations with mercury level in the biological samples. The number of dental amalgam sides showed an association with urine mercury. Fish intake preference and fish intake frequency were important factors in mercury levels. In particular, intake of shark meat and recent intake of shark meat were associated with higher mercury levels. In this regard, participation in the performance of an ancestral rite showed a relation with higher mercury levels. Conclusion: The intake of shark meat was very important factor to high mercury exposure level. It is recommended to monitor and manage students with high mercury exposures who exceeded CHBM II and EPA guidelines, and include blood mercury testing in the Children's Health check up for this province.

충주지역 주민 피부 알레르기 반응율에 관한 연구

김대선,이보은,남상훈,안승철,Kim, Dae-Seon,Lee, Bo Eun,Nam, Sang-Hoon,Ahn, Seung Chul 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to produce background data which can be compared with several large-scale industrial complex regions. Methods: The framework of this study was designed to evaluate and monitor health effects associated with low-level and long-term exposure to environmental pollutants. In this study, 1,009 local residents were recruited in the city of Chungju using personal questionnaires, medical check-ups, and allergen skin-prick tests for 12 common allergens. The prevalence rate of skin allergens was reviewed together with that from large-scale industrial areas. Results: The diagnosis prevalence and medical treatment prevalence of asthma was 5.6% and 1.7%, respectively. Allergic rhinitis was 25.4% and 16.7%, allergic dermatitis was 16.6% and 9.9% and allergic conjunctivitis was 18.7% and 7.9%, respectively. These results were similar with those of industrial complexes. The prevalence of allergen skin-prick test was 16.4% and the most common allergen was dust mites (27.9-31.6%). This result was lower than those of the industrial complexes (22.5-39.9%) and Gangneung (18.2-24.7%). Conclusion: Further study is required to find the cause of the regional differences in skin prick prevalence.

비산단지역 환경오염 수준 및 주민의 생체지표 모니터링

김대선,안승철,류정민,유승도,Kim, Dae-Seon,Ahn, Seung Chul,Ryu, Jung Min,Yu, Seung Do 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to produce background data which can be compared with data on vulnerable areas such as industrial complexes in Ulsan, SihwaBanwol, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Pohang, Cheongju and Daesan in Korea. Methods: This study was performed on 1,007 local residents in Gangneung using personal questionnaires and medical check-up. Environmental pollutants including heavy metals in blood and urine were analyzed and the results are as follows. Results: According to the results of medical check-up, 705 subjects were "Normal (A and B)", 232 subjects were "Disease doubtful (R1)" and 70 subjects were "High blood pressure or Diabetes doubtful (R2)". Regarding geometric mean concentration, blood lead was 1.57 ${\mu}g/dL$, urine cadmium was 0.82 ${\mu}g/g-cr$, urine mercury was 0.98 ${\mu}g/g-cr$ and urine arsenic was 15.78 ${\mu}g/g-cr$. In the analysis of 11 kinds of VOCs in blood, vinyl chloride, 1,3-butadiene and dichloroethylene were not detected, while the detection rate of other chemicals was above 70% except chloroform(49.7%) and trichloroethylene(19.0%). In analysis of 16 kinds of PAHs in blood, 10 kinds showed more than 80% in detection rate. Also, detection rate of 4 kinds of PCBs in blood ranged 52 to 78%. Conclusions: Compared with industrial compelxes, the concentration of blood lead was lower, while urine cadmium and mercury levels were similar. Also, urine arsenic ranged at a significant level. Further study is required to find the cause of regional differences in concentrations of environmental pollutants.

환경보건정보 통합관리체계에 관한 연구

김대선,위성승,유승도,박충희,정영희,Kim, Dae-Seon,Wee, Seong-Seung,Yu, Seung-Do,Park, Choong-Hee,Chung, Young-Hee 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER) launched a research about Framework of Environmental Health Information System for Industrial Complex in 2001, with the goal of finding out measures to establish an integrated management system(IMS) for environmental health information. Based on the research results, NIER started to build integrated information system. The process will continue from 2006 to 2008. As the first step, in 2006, NIER outsourced the job of setting up the specific plan. In 2007, based on the plan created in the previous year, computerization work began. During 2008, the $3^{rd}$ year of the process, the integrated system will be compatible to conventional GIS system and statistics analysis system to deliver funker efficient and useful services. In this vein, the objective of the study is to identify data collection procedure, data utilization, and overall goal of the system. In addition, It will illustrate digitalization process and recommendation about how to utilize the system.

혈중수은 노출에 따른 일부 초등학생의 건강영향에 관한 연구

김대선,김근배,강택신,이종화,남상훈,Kim, Dae-Seon,Kim, Guen-Bae,Kang, Tack-Shin,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Nam, Sang-Hoon 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.5

As mercury absorbed into body can cross the blood-brain barrier and react with DNA and RNA. Central nervous system has been known to be affected especially in children. But it was very difficult to know the influences of chronic low-does Hg exposure on the health. Although many studies investigated the affect, most of results were still disparate. In order to investigate the health effects of mercury exposure, several test were conducted for some Korean school children. The general health effects were investigated using blood test, Posturography and computer-based neurobehavioral test was done to examine the affect of Hg into neural responses. About 400 children were chosen for blood test whose blood Hg level were upper and lower 10% of population participated in the nationwide Hg exposure survey. The concentration of calcium and creatine, the number of white and red blood cell showed statistical significance with Hg exposure in blood test. Another 36 children were selected from the same participants for the posturography and neurobehavioral test. The intensity and center frequency of hand tremor which were related to unconsciousness also showed distinct significances. Any general relations with Hg exposure were not found in all test including computer-based neurobehavioral test.