카드뮴에 의한 HL-60 세포의 Apoptosis 유도에 관한 연구

김남송(Nam Song Kim),이종섭(Jong Sub Lee),현미선(Mee Sun Hyun),조광호(Kwang Ho Cho) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Apoptosis is a process of active cell death, distinct from necrosis and characterized by specific morphological and biochemical features. Apoptosis induced by cadmium and cadmium-related deleterious conditions has only recently been studied. Information about cadmium-induced apoptosis is therefore very limited. Although the toxic effects of cadmium are well described, little is known about the mechanism of apoptosis by cadmium toxicity. This study is designed to define the induction of apoptosis by which cadmium exert the cytotoxic effect on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. Cadmium (125μM) induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells which is characterized by the ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. Cadmium induce the activation of DEVD-specific cysteine protease (caspase-3) in a time dependent manner. They also increase the phosphotransferase activities of c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) in cadmium treated HL-60 cells. Furthermore, cadmium increase the activation of transcriptional factors including activating protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-kB. These results suggest that cadmium induce the apoptotic death of HL-60 cells via activation of DEVD-specific caspase, JNK and transcriptional factors such as AP-1 and NF-kB.

부모님의 지식정도에 따른 일부 중학생의 구강보건 지식과 행태 조사

김남송 ( Nam Song Kim ),박홍련 ( Hong Ryurn Park ),이동초 ( Dong Cho Lee ) 한국치위생학회 2009 한국치위생학회지 Vol.9 No.3

각종 폐질환에서의 최대 호기유량 용적 곡선의 형태분석

남송현 ( Song Hyun Nam ),박현하 ( Hyun Ha Park ),김예회 ( Re Hwe Kim ),한성구 ( Sung Koo Han ),김예원 ( Ye Won Kim ),김건열 ( Keun Youl Kim ),한용철 ( Yong Chol Han ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1982 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.29 No.1

대학생의 구강건강관리실태와 CART모델을 이용한 치통발생예측

김남송 ( Nam Song Kim ),임근옥 ( Kun Ok Lim ) 한국치위생과학회 2009 치위생과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Cadmium에 의한 흰쥐의 간장 및 신장의 Metallothionein 변화와 방어효과

김남송,이재형,고대하,기노석,황인담,Kim, Nam-Song,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Koh, Dai-Ha,Ki, No-Suk,Hwang, In-Dam 대한예방의학회 1991 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.24 No.3

Tolerance to several toxic effects of cadmium, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicityandrenaltoxicity. Three groups of rats (A, B, C), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline (A), $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, B), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of $1{\sim}6$ weeks. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, ip). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein (MT) concentrations were determined and also observed the histologic change in liver and kidney. The concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. These da indicate the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to long-term exposure to cadmium. In addition, histologic examination of group $A_2,\;A_3\;and\;A_4$ revealed moderate to severe cadmium toxicity, evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, cell swelling, pyknosis, enlarged sinusoids and necrosis in liver, and tubule cell necrosis and degeneration in kidney. However, MT concentrations in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of $CdCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2$, and their morphological findings were not significantly changed, comparing with control group. Higher MT concentration in liver and kidney observed in the pretreated groups constitutes a plausible explanation of the protective effects of pretreatment against the cadmium toxicity after challenge dosing.

만경강 담수어중 중금속 함량에 관한 연구

김남송,Kim, Nam-Song 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents of freshwater fishes. The samples of 24 species were collected at 7 areas located on the Mankyung River during September in 1987. And then the contents of lead, cadmium, copper and zine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean value of lead, cadmium, and copper contents of fishes collected in the downstream were significantly higher than those of upstream. 2. The mean lead content of C. auratus was the highest $1.50{\pm}0.98{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and statistically significant difference from muscle content. 3. The mean cadmium content of C. auratus was the highest $0.087{\pm}0.054{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and significantly higher than that of muscle. 4. In the copper contents, the viscera of C. auratus was the highest $5.25{\pm}0.94{\mu}g/g$ and significantly higher than that of muscle, skeleton and gill. 5. The mean value of zinc content of C. auratus was shown the order of gill, skeleton, viscera and muscle.

가을철 대기환경 중 수용성 이온성분의 침적특성

강공언,김남송,전선복,Kang, Gong-Unn,Kim, Nam-Song,Jeon, Seon-Bok 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4

In order to investigate the daily deposition characteristics of water-soluble inorganic components in airborne deposit on the Iksan, deposition samples were collected using a deposition gauge from October 16 to November 1, 2004. Deposition samples were collected using two different sampling gauges, a dry gauge and a wet gauge, respectively. To get wet the bottom of wet gauge during the sampling period, the volume of $30{\sim}50ml$ distilled ionized water was added in a wet gauge before the beginning of each deposition sampling. Deposition samples were collected twice a day and analyzed for inorganic water-soluble anions ($Cl^-,\;{NO_3}^-,\;{SO_4}^{2-}$) and cations (${NH_4}^+,\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}$) using ion chromatography. Qualify control and quality assurance of analytical data were checked by the data obtained from reinjection of standard solution, Dionex cross check standard solutions, and random several deposition samples, and measured data was estimated to be reliable. Considering the deposition sample volume, the sampling time, the surface area of sampling container, and the ion concentration measured, the daily deposition amounts for measured ions were calculated in $mg/m^2$. The total daily deposition amounts of all measured ions for dry and wet gauge were $7.5{\pm}2.8$ and $17.7{\pm}4.2mg/m^2$, respectively. A significant increase in deposition amount during rainfall days was observed for both wet gauge and dry gauge, having no difference of deposition amount between in wet gauge and in dry gauge. The mean deposition of all ions measured in this study were higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge because of the surface difference of the sampling container, especially for ${NH_4}^+\;and\;{SO_4}^{2-}$. The mean deposition amounts of ${NH_4}^+\;and\;{SO_4}^{2-}$ in wet gauge were found to be about 10 times and 3 times higher than those in dry gauge, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge. Dominant species in dry gauge were ${NO_3}^-\;and\;Ca^{2+}$, accounting for 21% and 28% of the total ion deposition, whereas those in wet gauge were ${SO_4}^{2-}\;and\;{NH_4}^+$, accounting for 19% and 41% of the total ion deposition, respectively.

익산지역에서 봄철 비황사기간 중 입경별 대기먼지농도와 이온조성

강공언,김남송,이현주,Kang, Gong-Unn,Kim, Nam-Song,Lee, Hyun-Ju 한국환경보건학회 2008 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.4

In order to further determine the mass concentration and ion composition of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) during the non-Asian dust storm of spring, $PM_{2.5}$ (fine particle), $PM_{10-2.5}$ (coarse particle), and $PM_{over-10}$ (PM with an aerodynamic diameter larger than $10{\mu}m$) were collected using a MCI (multi-nozzle cascade impactor) sampler of a three-stage filter pack in the spring season of 2007 in the Iksan area. During the sampling period from 5 April to 21 April, a total of 34 samples for size-segregated PM were collected, and then measured for PM mass concentrations by gravimetric measurements and for water-soluble inorganic ion species by using ion chromatography. Average mass concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10-2.5}$, $PM_{over-10}$ were $35.4{\pm}11.5{\mu}g/m^3$, $13.3{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/m^3$ and $9.5{\pm}4.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On average, $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for 74% of $PM_{10}$. Compared with the literature from other areas in Korea, the measured concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ were relatively high. Water-soluble inorganic ion fractions in $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10-2.5}$, and $PM_{over-10}$ were found to be 47.8%, 28.5%, and 14.7%, respectively. Among the water-soluble inorganic ion species, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ were the main components in $PM_{2.5}$, while $NO_3^-$ dominantly existed in both $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{over-10}$. Non-seasalt $SO_4^{2-}$ (nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ were found to mainly exist as the neutralized chemical components of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $NH_4NO_3$ in fine particles.

익산지역 대기 중 PM₁₀과 PM_2.5의 계절별 특성

강공언,김남송,신은상,Kang, Gong-Unn,Kim, Nam-Song,Shin, Eun-Sang 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The seasonal characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were evaluated through the measurement of $PM_{10}$ (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 ${\mu}m$) and $PM_{2.5}$ (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 ${\mu}m$) collected in the downtown area of Iksan city over roughly two weeks in each season of 2004. During the sampling period, 54 samples of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were collected and then measured for mass concentrations of PM and its water-soluble inorganic ion species. The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were highly variable on a daily time scale in all seasons, especially in fall. Annual concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were $54.7{\pm}21.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $34.0{\pm}13.4\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The daily concentrations of the analyzed ions similarly showed a pronounced variation, although a difference between seasons existed. Among them, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ were the most abundant ions in all seasons, contributing up to 32% of $PM_{10}$ and 39% of $PM_{2.5}$. The contribution of $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ showed a seasonal variation, as $SO_4^{2-}$ was the highest during spring and summer and $NO_3^-$ was the highest during fall and winter. Non-seasalt $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ were found to exist mainly as neutralized chemical components of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $NH_4NO_3$ due to the high concentration of $NH_4^+$ in PM samples, which were a major form of airborne PM in all seasons. Seasonal characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in Iksan were described in relation to the temporal variations of daily concentration of PM and its inorganic ion species including inter-particle reactions.

일반병원과 특수·전문병원 종사자의 직무스트레스 비교 연구

김동현(Kim, Dong-Hyun),김남송(Kim, Nam-Song) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.8

일반병원과 특수 · 전문병원의 직무스트레스의 유형과 특성을 파악함으로써 각 병원별 특성에 맞는 스트레스 극복을 통해 안정된 직원관리와 완화프로그램의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 일반병원종사자 109명, 특수 · 전문병원종사자 117명이 설문에 참여하였으며, 측정도구는 한국산 업안전보건연구원에서 지난 2004년 정책연구사업의 일환으로 진행된 ‘한국인 직무 스트레스 측정 도구의 개발 및 표 준화 연구’에 따른 한국형 직무스트레스요인 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과 일반병원과 특수·전문병원간의 환경과 조직체계에 따른 서로 다르게 나타나는 스트레스의 특성이 파악되 었으며 향후 이 연구 결과를 토대로 각 병원특성에 맞는 스트레스 극복 프로그램의 개발의 기초 자료로 활용되기 바 란다. This work was intended to investigate types and characteristics of job stress in general hospitals and special hospitals, and thereby suggest the direction to perform stable employee management and stress alleviation program through the ways of overcoming stress depending on each characteristic of hospitals. In this study, 109 of professionals working in general hospitals and 117 working in specialized hospitals participated, and, as a measuring instrument, the 'Measuring Instrument of Korean Job Stressors' according to 'Standardization and Development of Korean Job Stress Questionnaire' made by Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute as part of a policy research project in 2004 was used. As a result, this work looked into stress characteristics appearing differently according to the environment and organizational system of general hospitals and special hospitals. Based on the study result, it is expected that this work will be used as a fundamental material to develop the program of overcoming stress on the basis of each hospital characteristic.