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BMP test를 통한 음폐수와 하수슬러지의 병합소화 특성 평가
이수영ㆍ윤영삼ㆍ강준구ㆍ김기헌ㆍ신선경(Su young LeeㆍYoung Sam YoonㆍJun Gu KangㆍKi Heon KimㆍSun Kyoung Shin) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1
혐기성 소화의 주요 조건 중 하나인 C/N비의 경우 하수슬러지는 5.40으로 낮게 나타난 반면 음폐수(Food waste leachate)는 21.84로 높게 나타났다. C/N비가 낮을 경우 혐기성소화의 저해 요인으로 작용될 수 있기 때문에 음폐수의 높은 유기물 농도 및 C/N 비를 활용하여 메탄가스 발생량 증가시킬 수 있었다. Tchobanoglous이 제안한 이론적 메탄가스 발생량 예측수식을 적용하여 메탄 및 바이오가스 발생량을 산정한 결과 하수슬러지 단일 혐기소화의 경우 305.6 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 689.4 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄, 바이오가스가 발생하였고 음폐수 : 하수슬러지를 1:9로 혼합한 시료는 약 322 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 3:7시료에서는 약 354 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 5:5시료에서는 약 386 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄가스가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. BMP 실험 결과 1:9, 3:7, 5:5 비율로 병합 처리한 경우 각각 약 233, 298, 344 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄가스가 발생하였다. 따라서 음폐수의 혼합비율이 높아질수록 메탄가스 발생량은 증가하였고 하수슬러지와 음폐수의 혼합 비율에 따른 병합처리 시 하수슬러지 단독처리에 비해 다량의 메탄가스가 발생되었다. BMP 실험을 통해 생산된 메탄가스의 누적생산 곡선을 Modified Gompertz model과 first order kinetic model에 적용하여 추정한 결과, 메탄생성량은 Modified Gompertz model에서는 238.5, 302.3, 353.6 mL/gㆍVS 발생하였고 first order kinetic model에서는 242.8, 312.5, 365.5 mL/gㆍVS로 음폐수와의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며, 최대 메탄생성속도의 경우 3:7비율에서 48.2 mL/gVSㆍday로 최대 메탄생성 속도를 보였다. first order kinetic model의 1차 반응속도상수 k값은 1:9, 3:7, 5:5 비율에 따라 0.32, 0.22, 0.08day-1 나타났다. 1차 반응속도 상수의 경우 음폐수의 혼합비율이 낮을수록 높게 나타났다. Modified Gompertz와 first order kinetic model 모두 실험결과를 잘 모사하였으며, 실험결과와 모의결과의 적합도를 나타내는 상관계수(R2)의 경우 0.92∼0.98으로 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. We mix food waste leachate and sewage sludge by the proportion of 1:9, 3:7 and 5:5. It turns out that they produced 233, 298 and 344 CH4ㆍmL/gㆍVS of methane gas. The result suggests that as the mixing rate of food waste leachate rises, the methane gas productions increases as well. And more methane gas is made when co-digesting sewage sludge and food waste leachate based on the mixing ratio, rather than digesting only sewage sludge alone. Modified Gompertz and Exponential Model describe the BMP test results that show how methane gas are produced from organic waste. According to the test, higher the mixing rate of food waste leachate is, higher the methane gas productions is. The mixing ratio of food waste leachate that produces the largest volume of methane gas is 3:7. Modified Gompertz model and Exponential model describe the test results very well. The correlation values(R2) that show how the results of model prediction and experiment are close is 0.92 to 0.98.
CarSim 차량 모델과 조향시스템 모델을 이용한 R-MDPS 알고리즘 개발
김기헌(Kiheon Kim),김창준(Changjun Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim),한창수(Changsoo Han) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this paper, CarSim Vehicle model with 27 degree of freedom and MDPS System model using the Simulink Block were used to verify MDPS Control Algorithm. Vehicle behavior and efficiency of Vehicle movement were made an experiment using the MDPS control algorithm with Basic Assist Control, Returnability Control and Damping Control. This experiment method has the advantage of being economy of time and low costs. In days to come, the study using the Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) and real vehicle will be based on this study.
김창준(Changjun Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim),김기헌(Kiheon Kim),한창수(Changsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper is about steering system of Steer-by-Wire(SBW). As a SBW system is applied in order to improve steering feel and maneuverability, the controller should have two purposes. One is controlling steering wheel for the driver's steering feel and the other is controlling the front wheel system for vehicle stability. This study focuses on steering wheel system. The column is reduced in the SBW steering wheel system. Therefore it need artificial steering feel. This is the study for an objective evaluation method with steering angle, steering torque to quantify steering feel of SBW system. Based on this method, the affect two different torque map performance was simulated and compared each other.
CVJ 절각력 저감을 위한 설계인자 민감도 분석 및 최적화 연구
김기헌(Kihun Kim),문수영(Sooyoung Moon),이재원(Jaewon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2019 No.11
Due to the high performance of the constant velocity joint, various problems may arise in terms of the function and strength of the constant velocity joint. Due to the miniaturization, strength degradation may occur. High keratosis of the joints can lead to problems of functional problem strength degradation. In this study, we discuss the articulation (functional) problems of constant velocity joints that can be caused by high keratinization. We have applied a design concept called angle offset to implement a high-angle joint. The angle offset can compensate for the strength by ensuring sufficient groove depth even under high angled conditions. However, there is a disadvantage in that machining is difficult and it is not easy to match the exact dimensions. As a result, a high friction force between the initial ball and the groove is generated, thereby causing a high bending resistance. High friction forces reduce the efficiency of the joint and can be a source of durability problems. In this study, the design factors affecting the bending resistance are derived and the sensitivity is analyzed to derive the factors that can minimize the bending resistance. The optimization technique uses DOE and the strength analysis will also confirm the strength robustness of the model.
김기헌(Ki Heun Kim),김명녀(Myung Nyu Kim) 대한약학회 1992 약학회지 Vol.36 No.6
Sevral flavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of Carthami flos which has been used in treatment of uterin congestion and also as analgesic and antiinflammatory. They were elucidated as kaempferol, quercetin, 6-hydroxy kaempferol, kaempferol 3-glucoside (Astragalin), quercetin 3-glucoside (isoquercitrin), quercetin 7-glucoside (quercimeritrin), kaempferol 3-rutinoside and quercetin 3-rutinoside (rutin). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
김기헌(Kiheon Kim),김창준(Changjun Kim),신현수(Hyunsoo Sin),한창수(Changsoo Han) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In this paper, R-MDPS control algorithm was developed and evaluated using HILS. R-MDPS algorithm is composed of basic assist map, vibration reduction algorithm, returnability control algorithm and damping compensator. Basic assist map and vibration reduction algorithm are basic control algorithm to assist drivers. Returnability control algorithm and damping compensator improve steering feel and vehicle safety. In this control algorithm, load torque observer is used to reduce vibration of R-MDPS system. Road load reproduction system is used to make this experiment and evaluate R-MDPS control algorithm. This System reproduced road load using CarSim vehicle model.