식이유도 비만 생쥐의 식이제한과 운동처치 후 대식세포와 단핵구의 IL-6 및 TNF-α생성의 변화

김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2010 운동과학 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 6주간 식이조절에 의해서 유발된 비만상태의 수컷 생쥐(C57Bl/6)를 대상으로 8주간에 걸친 탄수화물 섭취량 변화를 중심으로 한 식이제한 및 트레드밀을 이용한 운동요법을 적용하여 면역기능과 관련된 혈액세포변인의 변화와 함께 리포다당복합체 자극에 대한 복강내 대식세포의 IL-6 및 TNF-α 분비능력을 분석하여 비만상태에 의해서 저하된 면역기능 개선효과를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 식이제한 혹은 운동프로그램을 적용하여 비만처치를 실시한 그룹은 모두 현저하게 감소된 체중을 나타냄으로써 처치효과가 일정하게 나타났으며, 특히 식이제한 그룹이 현저한 체중감소를 나타냄으로서 체중감소에는 식이제한이 가장 효과적인 것으로 간주되었다. 이에 반해서 운동그룹과 식이제한 및 운동처치를 병행한 그룹은 비만유도 후 일반식이 통제그룹보다 낮은 체중을 나타냈으나 유의한 체중차이를 나타내지 않음으로서 운동프로그램의 적용이 체중감소효과에는 식이제한방법보다 상대적으로 미흡한 것으로 간주되었다. 둘째, 식이처치에 의한 비만유도의 생쥐에서 과도한 지방섭취에 의한 비만상태는 말초혈액의 T-임파구를 중심으로 한 면역관련 세포의 감소를 초래하며 비만처치에 의한 체중감소는 말초혈액의 임파구 및 T-임파구 증가에 도움을 줄 수 있다고 생각된다. 셋째, 과도한 지방식이 섭취에 의한 비만유도는 대식세포에서의 LPS 자극에 대한 사이토카인 분비능력이 저하되며, 식이제한 및 운동프로그램 적용에 의한 비만처치 시 대식세포에서 LPS 자극에 대한 TNF-α 및 IL-6의 분비량이 현저히 증가하여 면역기능의 개선 가능성이 높은 것으로 간주되었다. This study was performed the analysis of blood cell numbers related immune function and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 by retroperitoneal macrophage in diet-induced obesity and obesity intervention of male C57Bl/6 mice. Diet-induced obesity was fed a high-fat or a standard chow diet for 6 weeks, and obesity intervention was drived by treadmill running exercise program or food intake restriction. Test items were measured by blood cell numbers related immune function and LPS stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 by retroperitoneal macrophage. Subjects of diet-induced obesity showed a significant increase of body weight as compared to normal diet group. High fat diet (HFD)-diet restriction (DR), HFD-exercise (EX) and HFD-DR-EX groups showed a significant decrease of body weight after 8 week intervention as compared to HFD-HFD group. And HFD-DR showed the highest decrease of body weight among intervention groups. Diet-induced obese groups showed a decreasing tendency of blood cell numbers related immune function, and the intervention groups showed an increase of blood cell numbers related immune function after 8 week intervention. LPS stimulated production of TNF-α by retroperitoneal macrophage in diet-induced obesity showed a significant decrease than a ND group, and LPS stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 by retroperitoneal macrophage in intervention groups showed a significant decrease after 8 week of food intake restriction or exercise training. In conclusion, diet-induced obesity showed a attenuation of immune function, and improved the blood cell numbers related immune function and LPS stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 by retroperitoneal macrophage after exercise intervention and food intake restriction.

스쿠버다이빙시 잠수시간에 따른 생리적 반응의 비교

김기진(Ki-jin Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2001 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological responses following SCUBA diving of experienced and novice divers. Ten experienced SCUBA divers (Mean age±SD = 23.50±1.87) and ten novice divers (Mean age±SD = 21.80±2.59) voluntered to be measured for the change of heart rate, rectal temperature, blood lactate and ammonia concentration during SCUBA diving (20 or 40 minutes, respectively) and recovery phase in SCUBA diving of 20 and 40 minutes. Heart rate during SCUBA diving and recovery phase showed a significant (P<0.05) higher values than resting values in two groups, and these changes of experienced group showed a higher than novice group. Blood lactate concentration and rectal temperature showed a significant (P<0.05) higher values from immediately to 10 minutes of recovery phase after SCUBA diving as compared to resting values. Significant increase of heart rate and blood lactate concentration in experienced group as compared to novice group could be suggested the effect of activated physiological responses on the basis of sufficient diving career. Peak values of heart rate during SCUBA diving of 40 minutes showed a higher values than SCUBA diving of 20 minutes. Blood ammonia concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) higher values in immediately SCUBA diving of 40 minutes as compared to resting values in two groups, but showed no significant difference in SCUBA diving of 20 minutes. The increase of blood ammonia concentration in SCUBA diving showed a lower tendency beyond expectations in two groups, and these tendency showed no significant effect of cold temperature during SCUBA diving of 20 and 40 minutes. In conclusion, the physiological responses following SCUBA diving were affected by diving career.

경기력 향상을 위한 효과적인 트레이닝 구성전략

김기진(Kim, Ki-jin) 한국코칭능력개발원 2013 코칭능력개발지 Vol.15 No.1

사회체육진흥을 위한 학교와 지역사회 및 관련단체의 역할 : 사회체육 ( 경영 , 관리 , 행정 , 정책 ) : 40 대 중년여성의 12 주간 댄스스포츠 수행이 건강관련 체력 및 골밀도에 미치는 영향

김기진(Ki Jin Kim),김순분(Soun Boun Kim),손지은(Ji Eun Son) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

핸드볼선수의 필드테스트 개발을 위한 중 · 고선수의 체력특성 비교

김기진(Ki Jin Kim),김학명(Hak Myung Kim) 한국발육발달학회 1999 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study was performed to suggest the direction of optimal training program and field test processing in handball players. Subjects ware consisted of secondary school handball players(middle school and high school groups). and this study was evaluate the physical fitness, heart rite and blood lactate response too dribble, shooting and fast break in handball. Statistical analysis was performed the middle school group and high school group, and the correlationship among test items. Physical fitness of high school group showed a significant higher(P$lt;0.05) that middle school group. But sit-ups, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory function showed no significant differences between two groups. In field testing. the records of dribble running and fast break in high school group showed a significant faster(P$lt;0.05) than middle school group, but total record and shooting duration showed no significant differences between two groups. During field testing of dribble running. shooting. and fast break, heart rate of middle school group showed a significant higher(P$lt;0.05) than high school group. But blood lactate concentration of high school group showed a significant higher(p$lt;0.05) than middle school group immediately field testing of dribble running, shooting, and fast break. In this results, high school group showed the higher cardidrespiratory function and the activation of lactate metabolism recruitment during field testing as compared to huddle school group. The records of dribble running, shooting duration and fast break in held testing were significantly correlated(P$lt;0.05) to vertical jump and bask muscular strength, so it could be suggested the capability of field testing for the evaluation of muscular strength and power in handball.

체육실기와 이론의 통합을 위한 교육과정 모형 연구

김기진(Kim Ki Jin) 한국체육교육학회 1998 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop physical education curriculum to integrate the practice and theory for improvement of physical education in the school. The approaches and results are following; (1) The educational and academic subjet is human movement in physical education. (2) The concept of physical education to integrate the practice and theory is $quot;sometics$quot; which means the movement objects based on body, soul and mind. (3) A knowledge used in the practice and theory physical education for the $quot;sometics$quot; is categorizd as declarative or procedual. (4) A knowledge structure model provides a rule to integrate the declarative and procedural. A cross-disciplinary approaches define declarative knowledge in the pracitice and theory. A declarative knowledge structure employs, hierarchical representation. (5) As a knowledge structure does not display the rink of the declarative and procedural knowledge, the taxanomy of goal employs the roles of integration; psycomotor domain→$quot;Skills$quot;, cognitive domain→$quot;Understanding$quot;, affective domain→Apttitude. (6) A declarative and procedural knowledge for teacher and student rinks in the concepts of body, effort, space, relationship from movement education model. Based on the above result, developing a integrative physical education curriculum model.

최근 10년간 ``체육과학연구``의 연구 동향: 운동생리학

김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구는 ``체육과학연구``지에 2000년부터 2011년까지 수록된 운동생리학 관련 분야 연구논문 총 177편에 대해서, 세부적 학문분야, 연구주제, 연구대상, 활용방안 등의 요인별 분류를 통해서 그 세부적인 내용을 파악하고 운동생리학의 국내 연구동향을 분석하여 이를 토대로 미래지향적 연구방향을 제시하기 위한 근거를 마련하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 운동생리학의 주된 연구방향은 인간능력의 발현기전을 중심으로 운동선수 의 경기력 향상과 일반인의 건강증진에 주된 초점이 맞추어졌다. 경기력 향상과 관련된 논문 중 20편이 체력 향상에 초점이 맞추어져 있으며, 42편이 운동선수를 직접대상으로 하였다. 주요 대상종목으로는 장거리 육상선수, 축구 및 복싱을 비롯한 다양한 종목들이 포함되어 있다. 177편의 논문 중 86편(48.6%)이 채혈을 적용하여 혈중 변인 분석이 주류를 이루었으며, 심폐기능분석과 병행하여 최대운동능력의 평가 및 예측, 트레이닝 효과의 평가 및 분석, 트레이닝 단계별 생리적 기능의 변화, 최적 컨디셔닝 유지 및 피로분석, 영양상태 분석과 생리활성물질의 이용 등 포괄적인 분석을 시도하였다. 유전자 분석에 관한 연구 6편과 분자생물학적 연구 9편이 제시됨으로써 이와 관련된 국내연구를 선도하였다. 특히 42편의 건강증진 관련연구는 대사성 증후군, 염증현상, 면역기능 및 산화 스트레스 등과 관련된 항목들이 다양하게 포함되어 있었다. 운동생리학적 연구는 운동수행과정에서 나타나는 표현형 요소와 유전자형 요소의 관련성을 포함하여 기전 분석을 위한 다양한 생리적 지표는 물론 면역기능, 산화스트레스 관련 변인의 분석을 중심으로 한 분자생물학적 시도가 널리 활성화 될 것이다. The main purpose of this article is to examine current status and trends of research in relation to exercise physiology by analyzing 177 articles published in KJSS (Korea Journal of Sport Science) from 2000 until 2011. From this basis, this study proposes future-oriented direction of the research. Reviewing all articles focused on improving athletes` performance and promoting general people`s health were carried out to classify them into detailed research fields, topics, procedures, subjects, and applications. The detailed research fields were found out to be various including general exercise physiology, nutrition, training and adapted physical activity. For the maximizing performances of athletes, most studies emphasized the importance of maintaining athletes` optimum condition for the competition, as well as physical training. The major experimental procedures in the study of exercise physiology consisted of the analysis of athletes` cardio pulmonary function and changes of blood markers followed by more conclusive contents such as the evaluation and prediction of maximum athletes` performances (abilities), the evaluation and analysis on the effects of training, the changes of physiological functions in accordance with training levels, optimal maintenance of athletes` conditioning arid fatigue analysis, athletes` nutritional status and biochemical components analysis. The subjects of the study were athletes of diverse sport events such as long distance running, soccer, boxing, arid so on. The examined studies showed that molecular biological analysis about effect on exercise for health improvement through mainly analyzing immunology and genetic factors has used so far, and this trend will be largely utilized in the researches of exercise physiology. In addition, these advanced researches will be expected to clarify the relationship between phenotypic factors and genotypic factors examined in the process of analyzing the effect of long term, or short term training and keeping up the optimal conditioning of athletes.

웨이트 트레이닝시 단백질 보충제 섭취가 신체구성 및 근기능 변화에 미치는 영향

김양식(Yang Sik Kim),김기진(Ki Jin Kim),김의진(Eui Jin Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of taking protein supplements on the bodily structure and muscular function in weight training. Subjects were selected from healthy males in the middle and the last half of 20-aged, who share the same taste, weight training. They were divided into the protein supplemental intake group(4 persons) and the non-take group(5 persons) and prescribed to take the same weight training 5 days a week for 10 weeks. At the intensity of exercise, 1-RM 70%-80%, they took total 75 minutes of training. In detail, 15 minutes were assigned to warming up(jogging and stretching), 50 minutes to the main exercise(by independent daily training program) and 10 minutes to the finishing exercise(stretching). Followings are the results of the study; 1. Analysis of bodily structure Thickness of hypodermic fat sowed a significant decrease(p<0.05) before and after the protein supplements intake and the non-take period by the chest and biceps brachia. The girth showed a significant increase(p<.001) before and after the protein supplements intake and the non-take period by the upper arm. 2. Analysis of muscular function The back strength, grip(right hand), flexibility of trunk extension and muscular endurance in sit up showed a significant increase(p<0.05, p<0.001) before and after the protein supplements intake and the non-take period. The mean power output of Wingate test showed a significant difference(p<0.05) between the intake group and the non-take group. 3. Test of isokinetic muscular function of knee In flexion at 60˚ of angular velocity, there was a significant increase(p<0.05) before and after the protein supplements intake, and in extension at 60˚ and 180˚ of angular velocity, there was a significant increase(p<0.05) and (p<0.01, p<0.05) respectively before and after the protein supplements intake. In flexion at 60˚ of angular velocity, there was a significant increase(p<0.05) before and after the protein supplements intake, and at 180˚ and 240˚ of angular velocity, there was no significant increase in both the intake and non-take group. In extension at 180˚ of angular velocity, there was a significant increase(p<0.001, p<0.01) before and after the protein supplements intake and in groups. Both groups did not show a significant difference in knee flexion at 180˚ of angular velocity, but did show it(p<0.06) in average power of weight in case of right knee extension. Both groups showed a significant difference(p<0.05) in case of knee flexion at 240˚ of angular velocity., but did not show it in case of extension. In conclusion, both groups did not, or partially showed a significant difference in bodily structure and muscular power, suggesting the effect of the protein supplements is not strong. This finding is supported by the effect of 10 weeks` weight training. A careful consideration is required when selecting the protein supplements. It seems most desirable to get protein from fresh foods.

임기만료이사의 이사회결의의 효력을 다툴 소의 이익에 관한 판례비평 : 대상판결: 대판 2007. 5. 17. 선 2006다19054

김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ) 慶尙大學校 法學硏究所 2008 法學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

성장기 아동의 IGF-I 유전자 다형성에 따른 혈중 IGF-I 분비양상과 신체구성, 골 연령 및 12주 복합 운동의 효과

김기진 ( Ki Jin Kim ) 대한스포츠의학회 2012 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Association of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I gene polymorphism with blood concentration of IGF-I, body composition, bone age and response to combined exercise program in teen-aged children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are the differences of blood concentration of IGF-I, body composition, bone age and response to combined exercise program according to IGF-I gene polymorphism in Korean teen-aged children. Subjects were recruited by 143 teen-aged children (male: 78, female: 65) from elementary school. Twelve weeks exercise program was consisted of resistance training and aerobic exercise. For the comparison of items and responses to combined exercise program according to IGF-I gene polymorphism, blood concentration of IGF-I, skinfold thickness, body circumferences, and growth markers were measured at baseline and after intervention. Body weight, %fat, BMI, skinfold thickness, circumferences, blood concentration of IGF-I, and bone age showed no significant differences following to IGF-I gene polymorphism. Although body composition and blood concentration of IGF-I showed a positive change after 12 week exercise training, 12 week exercise-mediated changes of body composition and blood concentration of IGF-I showed no significant differences following to IGF-I gene polymorphism. In conclusion, IGF-I gene polymorphism no contributed to the differences of body composition, blood concentration of IGF-I, and 12 week exercise-mediated these changes in teen-aged children.