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- 저자 : 김갑수(Kim Kap-Soo) (검색결과 108 건)
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김갑수 ( Kap Soo Kim ),박희석 ( Hee Seok Park ),이승민 ( Seung Min Lee ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.31
Recycling businesses in Seoul are the number of 925 that is distributed at the average level of 37 by 25 local autonomous districts. Most of recycling businesses are located at some districts such as Gangseo-gu, Yongdeungpo-gu, Guro-gu, and Gangnam-gu. These are included to the environmental service sector. Since Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has began to perform in 2003, the six items (pack, glass bottle, can, plastic, pet, and foam styrene) of packing materials are environmental mandatory system. Now there have been operated six packing material associations. The recycling industry in seoul has been faced with two problems such as the recycling materials discharge and the highest bidder. The first problem has shown pack, glass bottle and plastic film in six packing materials. In case of pack, there exit two problems such as the lack of understanding for recycling materials discharges and the absence of the discharge system. Although paper cups and cub noodles are composed to 100% pulp, these are frequently classified to waste materials. Collected glass bottles have a problem including total glasses (plate glasses and drinking glasses) that is not the items of EPR glass bottles in home. The total glasses. Recycling enterprises have an extra burden of collecting costs that classifies total glasses to waste glasses. Plastic films had been included to EPR in 2004. However, EPR and non-EPR items in plastic films are mixed discharged due to the lack of understanding EPR. The second problem is the highest bidder in recycling businesses. Local autonomous districts using the highest bidder among 25 districts are Gangbuk-gu, and Seocho-gu that are the cause of raising recycling costs. In case of Seocho-gu, the sold price of can in 2007 were up 207 percent compared to the price in the first half of 2008, Recycling companies are not collected matal scrapes at Gangbuk-gu because the auction price of scrapes decreases more than the price for scrap. For this reason, it makes problem to pile scrapes at sorting places. To solve these problems, local autonomous districts make public brochures about recycling discharge for pack, and film and packing and launches campaigns for distribute the brochures to households, schools, subway and mass media. We suggest some roles and supports of Seoul Metropolitan Government as a strategy for the development of recycling industry in Seoul as follows: - For separating the pack collection, SMG supports to install collecting boxes in apartment complexes or glass bottles. Collecting boxes help to distinguish paper packs with glass bottles. Local autonomous districts need a financial support of glasses for non-EPR recycling items such as glasses. Each autonomous district will change the priority purchasing system of recycling products as a non-mandatory recommendations and be enable to purchase of recycled products. Pure wastes and wasted vinyls from the screening process of Recycling collections will be supplied by free of charge, and support labor and shipping costs, - Local automonous governments and the six mutual benefit association of packaging materials held periodically meeting to exchange information on recycling and to develop local recycling industries. Ten autonomous districts without their sorting places are necessary to consider sharing sorting places where are located at neighbor autonomous districts. To resolve of the highest bidding price, we recommand to change the form of the operation of recycling sorting places that the private sector will be charged. In addition, it is necessary to introduce a kind of eligiblely pre-bid system as an alternative to the highest bidding price. This system will be eligible for the grant after examining the ability to bid in advance of bidding. Recycling companies will be selected by eligible to compete in bidding for the pre-screening assessment that includes the non-financial sector (company`s annual sales, performance, the size of facilities, the number of employees, and sales period), the environment sector (violation of pollution prevention facilities, and the adequacy of a wastewater treatment and disposal), and the evaluating criteria (price). To prevent the selection of the highest price due to over-competition among bidding companies, local autonomous governments determine a upper bidding price after considering the unit price of recycling materials. The contract period of the highest bidding system decides at least 3 years, so that reclyling companies are enable to do a stable investment for recycling facilities. If the unit price of recycling materials is decreased by the fluctuation of prices, the unit price is adjusted by the recycling contract.
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김갑수 ( Kap Soo Kim ),이승민 ( Seung Min Lee ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.9
Totally 280 sewage treatment plants discharge the treated water into rivers out of the 347 plants in Korea (about 80.4%). Among them, 50 plants send the treated water to upper-streams or supply it to dried streams around the plants. Only 39 plants out of them employ advanced treatment process to purify the water for stream preservation. This study examined the 32 steams in need of in-stream flow among the 36 statutory streams, except for Han river, Jungrang stream, Anyang stream and Cheonggye stream, in Seoul city. The result of this study showed that the streams that require in-stream flow supply are Dobong stream, Banghak stream, Wooee stream, Daedong stream, and Mookdong stream, within Jungrang sewage treatment zone, and Yeoee stream, Seogok stream, Godeok stream, and Mangwol stream, within Tan stream sewage treatment zone, and Dorim stream within Seonam sewage treatment zone. The twelve covered streams including Wolgok stream and Hwagye stream, and the ten other streams ensuring sufficient in-stream flow including Seongbuk stream and Jeongreung stream are not analyzed in the present study. Also, there is no stream which requires in-stream flow within Nanji sewage treatment zone. The water amount for the ten streams in need of in-stream flow are as follows; 10,100㎥/day for Dobong stream, 10,000㎥/day for Banghak stream, 14,000㎥/day for Wooee stream, 6,300㎥/day for Daedong stream, 3,900㎥/day for Mookdong stream, 8,000㎥/day for Yeoee stream, 9,000㎥/day for Seogok stream, 9,000㎥/day for Godeok stream, 5,000㎥/day for Mangwol stream, and 11,900㎥/day for Dorim stream. In most cases, the water quality for preservation use should be in II~III grades(BOD 3~5mg/L), and the water in the 9 streams except for Banghak stream is aimed to be used for recreational activity. This study established the guideline of reclaimed water supply for in-stream flow, which focuses on the two aspects; how to solve aesthetic problem, such as odor and mass phytoplankton development, and how to supply continuously and sufficiently. The reclaimed water for in-stream flow is classified into the water for recreational use and the water for preservation use by chance of human exposure to the water. The water quality parameters in the guideline are pH, BOD, SS, odor, chromaticity, T-N, T-P, and e-coliform. For the water for recreational use, the more strict criteria are necessary than the current one established by Korean Ministry of Environment. To prevent odor, bubble and algal bloom, regular release of water in reservoirs and high efficiency of nutrient elimination treatment under heightened standards are required. Filtration and Advanced Oxidation Process(AOPs) are recommendable for the treatment of the water supplied into the streams where people can access easily and enjoy swimming. By planting the vegetables along the shoreline, beautiful scenery as well as the effective inhibition of human access to the streams can be achieved. The filtration efficiency of the reclaimed water in the water reclamation center also should be enhanced to meet the water quality standards of each stream and high quality of reclaimed water appropriate for its uses should be produced through the optimized combination of treatment processes. Seoul city is planning a new treatment process of A2O, biofilter, activated carbon adsorption, and UV sterilization to supply 100,000㎥/day of reclaimed water to the Jungrang stream as in-stream flow for preservation use in the 2nd plant of Jungrang water reclamation center, the total capacity of which is 460,000㎥/day. However, UV sterilization removes only 30% of chromaticity, which results in the high chromaticity (average 25~40 degree) of the treated water in Korea. Thus, we propose to introduce high efficiency of ozone oxidation to meet the 5 degree of chromaticity in water quality standards for discharge water. At Tan stream water reclamation center, in which the advanced treatment facility is now being built, coagulant should be applied in the influx from aeration tank to final sedimentation tank and also biofilter process should be performed after MLE process. The river general plan presented in the enforcement ordinance of the 『Enforcement Decree of River Act』is obliged to investigate conditions of drainage basins and hydrological characteristics of the rivers every decade and feasibility every five years. Considerererererhigh temporal variations in river flux in Korea, flux should be monitored seasonally for 4 times a year in the same points where the four water reclamation centers in Seoul city perform monthly water examination.
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