가죽나무 에탄올 추출물에 의한 면역증강 효과

길나영,김순희,최보영,문지영,여수환,김소영,Gil, Na-Young,Kim, Sun-Hee,Choi, Bo-Young,Mun, Ji-Young,Yeo, Soo-Hwan,Kim, So-Young 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune activity of Ailantias altissima as an active ingredient on the immune enhancement by mixing ethanol extract with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The activity of $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ transcription factor increased by $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity when mixed with LAB samples rather than with the extract alone. Nitric oxide (NO) production was similar in ethanol extract alone group and LPS treatment group. Mixing Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria led to low NO production. The cytokine productivity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly increased in Ailantias altissima extract when treated with LPS, and increased even more when mixed with lactic acid bacteria. The $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine production was high when the Ailantias altissima extract were treated alone, but no $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine was produced in the mixtures with isolates. The combination of the ethanol extract of the Ailantias altissima and the lactic acid bacteria was found to be effective in the immune function. Consequently, the ingredient to combine Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria can be effectively used for development of the health functional food on the prevention and treatment of hypoimmunities.

대식세포에서 나문재 분말을 함유한 된장의 항염증 효과

길나영,최보영,여수환,김소영,Gil, Na-Young,Choi, Bo-Young,Yeo, Soo-Hwan,Kim, So-Young 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

Suaeda asparagoides (Miq.) is a salt marsh plant, long been prescribed in traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension and liver toxification in Asian countries. The powder of S. asparagoides was added at the ratio of 0, 5, and 10%, respectively, of grain-type Meju to manufacture Doenjang in brine according to the salt concentration (8 and 12%). After 24 weeks of fermentation, the Doenjang samples were determined to have an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Doenjang added S. asparagoides powder extracted using 80% EtOH, was performed to study the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors such as NF-κB (nuclar factor κB), NO (nitric oxide), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the Doenjang extracts reduced the production of NO, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW cell without cytotoxicity. In the case of the NF-κB and TNF-α there was no significant difference between the control and samples. In conclusion, these results suggest that Doenjang added with the S. asparagoides powder acts as functional fermented food with anti-inflammation effect.

Aspergillus oryzae와 단백질 분해효소 첨가에 따른 콩알메주 된장의 이화학적 특성 변화

길나영,최보영,박신영,조용식,김소영,Gil, Na-Young,Choi, Bo-Young,Park, Shin-Young,Cho, Yong-Sik,Kim, So-Young 한국식품저장유통학회 2017 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiochemical properties of Doenjang was fermented by added with fungi and protease. The moisture content and pH of Doenjang added with protease (WP) were lower than those of control w/o protease while the contents of titratable acidity, reducing sugar, and amino-type nitrogen in WP were higher than control. The ${\alpha}$-amylase activities of Doenjang added with single and mixed Protease B were the highest at 4 weeks of fermentation period and protease activity of WP was about 4 times higher than that of control. The 4-9 kinds of free amino acids (proline, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine etc.) in WP was increased in comparison with control. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol content were higher in WP than control. Total aerobic bacterial and fungal numbers were decreased depending on fermentation time regardless of addition of protease. In conclusion, the protease can be used as additives improving the quality and taste of fermented Doenjang. 본 연구는 A. oryzae를 접종하여 제조한 콩알메주 된장에 단백질 분해효소를 처리한 후 아미노태 질소, 유리아미노산 등 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 콩알메주 된장의 수분함량 및 pH는 단백질 분해효소 첨가 된장이 무첨가 된장보다 낮은 결과를 보였고, 염도와 색도는 단백질 분해효소에 따른 변화가 없었으며, 적정산도, 환원당 및 아미노태 질소는 단백질 분해효소 첨가 된장이 무첨가 된장보다 높은 결과를 보였다. ${\alpha}$-amylase 효소활성은 Aspergillus속 유래 단백질 분해효소 단독 및 혼합처리 된장의 경우 발효 4주차에 가장 높은 활성을 보인 반면, 단백질 분해효소 무첨가 된장은 거의 활성을 나타내지 않았고, protease 효소활성은 단백질 분해효소를 첨가한 된장의 경우 무첨가 된장보다 약 4배 높은 활성을 보였다. 무첨가 된장에 비해 단백질 분해효소처리 된장에서 Protease A 처리 시 arginine, lucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine 등 4종, Protease B 처리 시 histidine, serine, glycine, threonine, proline, isoleucine, lucine, phenylalanine 등 8종, Protease A+B 혼합처리 시 histidine, serine, glycine, threonine, proline, tryptophan, isoleucine, lucine, phenylalanine 등 9종의 유리아미노산이 증가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성과 총 폴리페놀함량은 단백질 분해효소 첨가 된장의 경우 무첨가 된장보다 높은 값을 보였고, 총 균수와 곰팡이 수는 단백질 분해효소의 첨가 유무와 상관없이 발효가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 A. oryzae 접종 콩알메주 된장의 제조 시 단백질 분해효소를 첨가하여 발효시킬 경우 효소에 의해 환원당, 아미노태 질소 함량과 항산화능이 증가하고, ${\alpha}$-amylase와 protease 등 효소활성이 높아 된장의 발효기간을 단축시키면서 맛과 품질 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

유화액 시스템에서 옥테닐 호박산 베타글루칸의 계면 특성

길나영,김산성,이의석,신정아,이기택,홍순택,Gil, Na-Young,Kim, San-Seong,Lee, Eui-Seok,Shin, Jung-Ah,Lee, Ki-Teak,Hong, Soon-Taek 한국응용과학기술학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The synthesis of octenyl succinyl ${\beta}$-gucan (OSA-${\beta}$-glucan) was carried out and its interfacial properties at the oil-water interface and in emulsion systems were investigated. An aqueous ethanol system as a reaction media was used to facilitate the synthesis process; 10% (w/w) ethanol found to be the best as it showed a maximum degree of substitution (DS: 0.0132). FT-IR showed a characteristic absorption spectrum at $1736cm^{-1}$, indicating the esterification of octenyl succinyl groups to ${\beta}$-glucan backbone. As for interfacial tension measurements, it was decreased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in the aqueous phase and when NaCl was added to aqueous OSA-${\beta}$-glucan solution in the range of 0.01 M to 0.1 M and also when pH was raised (pH 3 ~ pH 9). In systems of emulsion stabilized with OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, fat globule size found to decrease with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, showing a critical value of about $0.32{\mu}m$ at 0.5 wt%. When the OSA-${\beta}$-glucan emulsions were stored, it was found that fat globule size was increased with storage time and particularly pronounced increase was observed in emulsion with 1% OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, possibly due to depletion flocculation. Results of creaming stability evaluated by light scattering technique showed that it was more stable in emulsions containing smaller fat globule size. Surface load of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in emulsions increased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, suggesting a multilayer adsorption.

석류 분말을 첨가한 양갱의 품질 특성

길나영,김혜리,박종민,김산성,이의석,홍순택,Gil, Na-Young,Kim, Hye-Ri,Park, Jong-Min,Kim, San-Seong,Lee, Eui-Seok,Hong, Soon-Taek 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of white bean based Yanggaeng containing various levels of pomegranate powder (0, 2, 4 and 8%, w/w). The pH values of Yanggaeng containing pomegranate powder were found to decrease when increasing the amount of pomegranate powder. However, moisture and sugar contents were increased (p<0.05). For color values, both L and b values were reduced by increasing the amount of pomegranate powder, while a values were increased significantly (p<0.05). In textural properties, the addition of pomegranate powder resulted in the increase of hardness, chewiness and gumminess, while cohesiveness and springiness decreased. Antioxidant activities, evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and total phenolic substances content increased when increasing the amount of pomegranate powder. Results of descriptive analysis showed that by increasing the amount of pomegranate powder, some attributes such as the intensity of the flavor, sourness, hardness and chewiness increased (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in sweetness. In a preference test, Yanggaeng containing 4% pomegranate powder appeared to be the most preferred for all attributes tested including overall acceptability. It was concluded that Yanggaeng containing pomegranate can be prepared with good sensory properties and antioxidant activities, and the addition of 4% pomegranate powder was found to be ideal.

옥테닐 호박산 베타글루칸의 유화 특성

길나영(Na-Young Gil),김산성(San-Seong Kim),박은정(Eun-Jeong Park),이의석(Eui-Seok Lee),이기택(Ki-Teak Lee),홍순택(Soon-Taek Hong) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

본 연구에서는 OSA-β-glucan 유화제의 특성을 조사하기 위해 유화액을 제조하였다. 유화특성을 알아보기 위해 pH 변화, NaCl 첨가에 따른 유화액의 지방구 크기, 제타전위의 변화 등 이화학적 성질을 조사하였고, OSA-β-glucan에 대한 co-surfactant 선정실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, OSA-β-glucan 유화액은 pH가 낮을수록, NaCl의 첨가량이 많을수록 응집으로 인해 안정도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 이는 유화액의 제타전위 측정 및 현미경 관찰 결과와 일치하였다. OSA-β-glucan 유화제에 적합한 co-surfactant는 유화 지방구 크기 및 크리밍 안정도 측면에서 Tween 20으로 확인되었으며 적절한 농도는 0.2% 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 Tween 20 첨가에 대한 OSA-β-glucan 유화액의 안정도 향상은 유화지방구 표면에서 OSA-β-glucan과 Tween 20의 co-adsorption에 기인한 것으로 추정하였다. We investigated the emulsifying properties of barley octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-β-glucan, such as changes in the fat globule size and zeta-potential as influenced by pH or the addition of NaCl. Additional experiments to fabricate a suitable co-surfactant system were also performed. We found that the fat globule size in OSA-β-glucan emulsions increased upon lowering the pH (i.e., under acidic conditions) or increasing the NaCl concentration. These results were confirmed through microscopic observation. Co-surfactant hydrophilic Tween 20 was found to be suitable for the OSA-β-glucan emulsion, which facilitated the formation of smaller fat globules and enhanced the creaming stability when it was added in >0.2 wt% concentration. From the results of the surface load of OSA-β-glucan in emulsions, Tween 20 addition enhanced the stability probably by the co-adsorption of the two surfactants at the droplet surface.

창포식초 생산을 위한 누룩, 알코올 및 초산발효 조건 최적화

길나영(Na-Young Gil),권희민(Hee-Min Gwon),여수환(Soo-Hwan Yeo),김소영(So-Young Kim) 한국식품저장유통학회 2020 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.27 No.7

염생식물 첨가 저염된장의 이화학적 특성 변화

최보영(Bo-Young Choi),길나영(Na-Young Gil),문지영(Ji-Young Mun),여수환(Soo-Hwan Yeo),김소영(So-Young Kim) 한국식품저장유통학회 2018 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.25 No.7

국산 발효종균의 자원화 및 산업화를 위한 연구 현황

김소영(So-Young Kim),길나영(Na-Young Gil),문지영(Ji-Young Mun),송금찬(Geum-Chan Song),여수환(Soo-Hwan Yeo) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 식품산업과 영양 Vol.23 No.2

초임계 CO₂ 유체 추출법을 이용한 탈지 유채박 중 표면활성물질 추출의 최적화

김정원,정용선,길나영,이의석,이영화,장영석,이기택,홍순택,Kim, Jeong-Won,Jeong, Yong-Seon,Gil, Na-Young,Lee, Eui-Seok,Lee, Yong-Hwa,Jang, Young-Seok,Lee, Ki-Teak,Hong, Soon-Taek 한국식품영양학회 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

본 실험에서는 탈지 유채박 중 표면활성물질의 추출을 위해 초임계 $CO_2$ 유체 추출법을 이용하였다. 추출 독립변수는 추출압력(150~350 bar), 온도($33{\sim}65^{\circ}C$), 보조용매량(ethanol, 150~250 g)으로 하였으며, D-optimal design에 의한 반응표면 분석을 통해 추출수율, 중성지질 분획, 인지질 분획, 당지질 분획 함량 등의 종속변수에 대한 최적 추출조건을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 압력, 온도, 그리고 보조용매량이 증가함에 따라 종속변수 즉, 추출수율, 인지질, 당지질 함량 등은 증가하였으나, 중성지질 함량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그중 보조용매량이 각 종속변수에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해서 유도된 회귀식 모형은 실험을 통해 얻은 결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 초임계 $CO_2$ 유체 추출에 있어서 종속변수인 추출수율, 인지질, 당지질 함량 등을 최대로 하면서 중성지질 함량을 최소로 하는 최적화된 추출조건은 추출압력 350 bar, 추출온도 $65^{\circ}C$, 보조용매량 228.55 g으로 분석되었으며, 이 조건에서 추출수율은 5.98%, 추출물은 중성지질 3.0%, 인지질 69.43%, 당지질 17.46% 등의 조성을 나타낼 것으로 예측되었다. In this study, an attempt is being made to extract surface-active substances from defatted rapeseed cakes by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Independent variables for the extraction process, being formulated by D-optimal design, are pressure (150~350 bar), temperature ($33{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ and co-solvent (ethanol, 50~250 g). The dependent variables of the extraction yield, the content of neutral lipids, phospholipids and glycolipids in the extracts were analyzed upon the results through the response surface methodology. As for the extraction yield, it was found to increase with increasing independent variables, among which the co-solvent proved to be a major influencing parameter. Similar trends were found for the content of surface-active substances (i.e, phospholipids and glycolipids) in the extracts, except for the content of neutral lipids. Regression equations were suggested to coincide well with the results from the experiments. Extraction conditions are being optimized to maximize the extraction yields, the content of phospholipids, and glycolipids were 350 bar (pressure), $65^{\circ}C$ (temperature) and 228.55 g (co-solvent), respectively.