돈사폐수 처리를 위한 AFBR/ANFBR 공정의 Package화

임재명(Jay-Myoung Rim),권재혁(Jae-Hyouk Kwon),한동준(Dong-Joon Han) 강원대학교 환경연구소 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

돈사폐수 처리를 위한 AFBR/ANFBR 공정의 Package화

임재명(Jay Myoung Rim),권재혁(Jae Hyouk Kwon),한동준(Dong Joon Han) 大韓環境工學會 1995 대한환경공학회지 Vol.17 No.12

수산물 가공폐수의 호기성 생분해도에 미치는 염분농도의 영향

최용범(Yong Bum Choi),권재혁(Jae Hyouk Kwon),임재명(Jay Myung Rim) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

해산물 가공폐수내 염분농도가 혐기성 최종생분해도와 유기물 다중분해속도에 미치는 영향

최용범(Yong Bum Choi),권재혁(Jae Hyouk Kwon),임재명(Jay Myung Rim) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.11

본 연구는 해산물 가공폐수를 대상으로 혐기성 미생물, S/I ratio (substrate/inoculum)와 염분농도에 따른 혐기성 최종 생분해도를 평가하였다. S/I ratio 0.9에서 혐기성 소화슬러지와 입상슬러지의 최종 생분해도는 각 72.0, 92.0%로 조사되었으며, 다중분해속도 상수 k1은 소화슬러지가 0.0478~0.1252 day-1, 입상슬러지는 0.0667~0.1709 day-1로 조사되어 입상슬러지가 해산물가공폐수의 혐기성 처리에 적합하였다. 혐기성 최종생분해도 실험을 통해 산정된 최적 S/I ratio는 0.9였으며, 염분농도에 따른 생분해도 실험 결과, 3,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서 85% 이상의 유기물 제거효율을 나타냈다. 다중분해속도 상수 k1은, 3,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서는 0.1603~0.1709 day-1, 6,000 mgCl-/L 이상에서 0.0492~0.0760 day-1로 산정되었으며, k2는 6,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서는 0.0183~0.0348 day-1, 9,000 mgCl-/L에서는 0.0154 day-1로 조사되어, 반응속도 상수(k1, k2)는 Cl- 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 빠르게 분해되는 유기물 비율(S1)과 분해속도 또한 감소시키는 것으로 조사되었다. In this study, the anaerobic ultimate biodegradability and multiple decay rate of organic matter were evaluated according to various salt concentrations in seafood processing wastewater. The evaluation was also performed with various types of anaerobic bacteria and S/I (substrate/inoculum) ratios. After the S/I ratio was fixed at 0.9, the ultimate biodegradability values of the anaerobic digested sludge and granular sludge were became 72.0% and 92.0%, respectively. The multiple decay rate coefficients (k1) coefficients of the anaerobic digested sludge and granular sludge were 0.0478~0.1252 day-1 and 0.0667~0.1709 day-1, respectively. The optimum S/I ratio of the seafood wastewater, which was determined based on the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability and gas production, was 0.9. The organic matter removal rate never became less than 85.0% under a 3,000 mg/L chloride concentration. The multiple decay rate coefficients (k1) were 0.1603~0.1709 day-1 under 3,000 mgCl-/L, and 0.0492~0.0760 day-1 in more than 6,000 mgCl-/L. The multiple decay rate coefficients (k2) were 0.0183~0.0348 day-1 under 6,000 mgCl-/L, and 0.0154 day-1 at 9,000 mgCl-/L. With increasing chloride concentrations, the reaction rate (k1, k2) and ratio of the rapidly degraded organic matter (S1) decreased.

수산물가공폐수의 혐기·호기 생물학적 반응특성

최용범,김거유(Kim Gur Yoo),권재혁(Jae-Hyouk Kwon) 한국환경보건학회 2008 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.6

This study was undertaken to establish the biological reaction characteristics of the marine products industry wastewater which contains high concentrations of organic matter and saline. As the S/I is varied from 0.3 to 1.2, the results were follows : the observed ultimate anaerobic biodegradability varied from 72.0 to 88.0%, the first order reaction rate varied from 0.1735 to 0.3420 day−1 and the second order reaction rate varied from 0.0132 to 0.0295 day−1. When S/I was 0.9, the first order reaction rate had a maximum value, but the variations of the second order reaction rate were less than 1st-order reaction rate. When the operation time exceeded 2 days the gas production rapidly increased. The source of this rapid increase was due to that the activity of the granular sludge used in this study being faster than that of conventional sludge. Under aerobic condition, the characteristics of organic matter were as follows: the marine industry wastewater used in this study contained about 81%of biodegradable matter, and it was divided into readily biodegradable COD(Ss), slowly biodegradable COD(Xs), soluble COD(Si) and inert suspended COD (Xi). The percentages of each COD were 87.3%, 23.9%, 6.4% and 12.4% respectively. This study was undertaken to establish the biological reaction characteristics of the marine products industry wastewater which contains high concentrations of organic matter and saline. As the S/I is varied from 0.3 to 1.2, the results were follows : the observed ultimate anaerobic biodegradability varied from 72.0 to 88.0%, the first order reaction rate varied from 0.1735 to 0.3420 day−1 and the second order reaction rate varied from 0.0132 to 0.0295 day−1. When S/I was 0.9, the first order reaction rate had a maximum value, but the variations of the second order reaction rate were less than 1st-order reaction rate. When the operation time exceeded 2 days the gas production rapidly increased. The source of this rapid increase was due to that the activity of the granular sludge used in this study being faster than that of conventional sludge. Under aerobic condition, the characteristics of organic matter were as follows: the marine industry wastewater used in this study contained about 81%of biodegradable matter, and it was divided into readily biodegradable COD(Ss), slowly biodegradable COD(Xs), soluble COD(Si) and inert suspended COD (Xi). The percentages of each COD were 87.3%, 23.9%, 6.4% and 12.4% respectively.

고율 혐기성 공정과 아질산-아탈질을 연계한 수산물가공폐수의 질소제거

최용범,강동구,박상성,엄기현,임재명,권재혁,Choi, Yong-Bum,Kang, Dong-Gu,Park, Sang-Sung,Eum, Ki-Hyun,Rim, Jay-Myung,Kwon, Jae-Hyouk 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives: Organic matter and nitrogen were removed using the EGSB process, a high-rate anaerobic process, in combination with a nitritation-denitritation process, in order to ensure the stable treatment of seafood processing wastewater. Methods: The upflow velocity of an EGGS reactor was operated at 10 m/hr for maximal organics removal efficiency. For removal of nitrogen from seafood processing wastewater a nitritation-denitriation process was applied Results: The efficiency of the EGSB process showed that it has an 80% or more organic matter (CODcr) removal efficiency with an HRT of six hours or more at influent loadings of 17.34 kgCOD/$m^3$/day or less. The methane product for TCODcr removal was 0.23-0.38 $m^3CH_4$/kgCODrem., which was similar to the theoretical generation of STP-state methane, 0.35 $m^3CH_4$/kgTCODrem. In the nitritation-denitritation process, the nitritation conversion rate to $NH_4^+$-N concentration was 82% to 87%, 72% to 81% and 64% to 69% when HRT was 24 hr, 21 hr and 18 hr, respectively. In the denitritation process, the ratio of SCOD consumption to NOx-N removal ranged from 2.347 to 2.587. It was 2.472 on average. Conclusions: The optimal HRT for stable processing of seafood processing wastewater is six hours or more. The ratio of nitrite to total NOx-N was 82% to 96%, which indicates that nitrite accounts for the largest portion of the product.

호기성 생분해도 평가를 통한 유가공 폐수의 반응특성

최용범(Yong-Bum Choi),한동준(Dong-Joon Han),권재혁(Jae-Hyouk Kwon) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.5

본 논문은 호기성 생분해도를 통하여 유가공 폐수의 기질특성을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유기물 중 빨리 분해되는 물질(Ss)은 SCODcr 기준을 84.2 %로 조사되었는데, 이는 수산물 가공폐수의 75.8∼77.9 %, 돈사폐수의 58.2 % 보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 생물학적 분해 불가능한 용존성 유기물(SI)의 비율은 5.6∼6.4 %로, 미생물 신진대사에 의해 발생 되는 inert 물질 비율(SIi)은 3.6∼3.7 %로 조사되었다. 생물학적 분해 불가능한 용존성 유기물 성분의 함유 계수(YI) 0.092~0.099로, 미생물 신진대사로 생성되는 inert 물질의 생성계수(Yp)는 0.039~0.040으로 산정되었다. 유기물 성분 계수 분석결과, 유가공 폐수의 용존성 유기물 약 91.0 %가 생물학적으로 분해 가능한 물질이고, 이중 약 92.5 %가 빨리 분해되는 Ss 성분으로 조사되었다. 또한 총유기물(TCODcr) 중에 생물학적 분해 가능한 유기물의 비율은 89.3 %로 조사되었다. 생물학적 분해 불가능한 용존성 유기물(SI) 성분은 3.0 %, 생물학적 분해 불가능한 부유성 물질(XI) 성분은 7.7 %로 비교 대상 폐수보다 낮게 조사되었는데, 이는 유가공 폐수가 호기성 생분해도가 크다는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the substrate of dairy wastewater through aerobic biodegradation and to use the results as the basic data for the efficient treatment of dairy wastewater. The SCODcr of the part of the matter that consisted of readily biodegradable organics (Ss) was 84.2%, which is higher than those of seafood processing wastewater (75.8∼77.9%) and pigpen wastewater (58.2%). The proportion of non-biodegradable organics (SI) ranged from 5.6% to 6.4%, and the proportion of inert organics (SIi) generated by microbial metabolism ranged from 3.6 to 3.7%. The content coefficient (YI) of the non-biodegradable dissolved organic matter was in the range of 0.092 to 0.099, and the generation coefficient (Yp) of the inert substance produced by the microbial metabolism was in the range of 0.039 to 0.040. The analysis results of the organic component coefficient showed that approximately 91.0% of the dissolved organic matter of the dairy wastewater was biodegradable, and approximately 92.5% of the dissolved organic matter was the Ss component. Furthermore, the proportion of biodegradable organic matter in the total organic matter (TCODcr) was 89.3%. The proportions of non-biodegradable organics (SI) and non-biodegradable suspended organics (XI) were 3.0% and 7.7%, respectively, which are lower than those in similar wastewater. This means that the milk processing wastewater has a high aerobic biodegradability.

개선된 고율혐기성 공정을 이용한 수산물 가공폐수처리

최병영(Choi, Byeong-Yeong),최용범(Choi, Yong-Bum),한동준(Han, Dong-Joon),권재혁(Kwon, Jae-Hyouk) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.12

본 연구는 높은 상향유속을 가지는 고율 혐기성 공정의 단점을 해결하고자 반응조의 구조개선을 통한 고율 혐기성 반응조의 성능평가를 실시하였다. 개선된 반응조는 반응조의 직경을 조절하여 반응조를 세부분으로 구분하여 제작하였다. 구조 변경된 반응조의 성능평가 결과, 반응조 하부의 단회로 및 고형물 축적현상과 미생물 유출을 방지하여 반응조 내 미생 물을 안정적으로 유지할 수 있었다. 혐기성 소화 과정에서 반응조내 pH와 알카리도 상승은 유기물 분해과정 및 biogas의 일부 재용해에 의해 생성된 중탄산염에 기인한 것으로 판단되며, 높은 유기물 제거효율을 이루기 위해서는 HRT 9 hr 이상, 유기물 부하 10.0 kgTCODcr/m3?d 이하 범위로 운전하여야 한다. 혐기성 소화과정에서 발생하는 메탄가스는 유기물 부하 7.7 kgTCOD/m3?d 이상에서 65∼83 %의 높은 함량을 나타냈으며, CODcr 제거당 메탄 발생량은 0.10∼0.23 m3CH₄/ kgCODrem.으로 STP 상태의 이론적 메탄가스 발생량(0.35)보다 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며, 고율 혐기성 공정후단에 질소제거 를 위한 고도처리 공정이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. To resolve shortcomings of high-rate anaerobic processes, such as high upward flow velocity, this study sought to improve the structure of the high-rate anaerobic reactor and evaluate its performance. The improved reactor was manufactured by adjusting the diameter and dividing the reactor into three parts. The evaluation of the structurally improved reactor revealed that the reactor could stabilize a single circuit, and prevent the accumulation of solid matter and leakage of microbes, thereby stabilize the microbes. In the process of anaerobic digestion, an increase in pH and alkalinity within the reactor was presumably attributed to bicarbonate created in the process of organic matter decomposition and due to the re-dissolution of some biogas. To maintain a high rate of organic matter removal, the reactor should be operated with more than 9 hrs of HRT and an organic matter load of under 10.0 kgTCODcr/m 3?d. The methane gas generated in the anaerobic digestion process showed a high content of 65∼83 % at the organic matter load of over 7.7 kgTCOD/m 3?d. per removal of CODcr. The methane quantity was generated at 0.10∼0.23 m 3 CH₄/kgCODrem, showing that it was smaller than the theoretical methane generation amount (0.35) in the STP state. In the latter part of high-rate anaerobic process, an advanced treatment process was required to remove nitrogen.

침지식 MBR을 이용한 수산물 폐수처리장 운영에 관한 연구

최용범(Choi, Yong-Bum),이해승(Lee, Hae-Seung),한동준(Han, Dong-Joon),권재혁(Kwon, Jae-Hyouk) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.11

수산물 가공폐수의 배출특성 결과, 불규칙한 유입부하로 안정적인 처리에 어려움이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 수산물 가공폐수와 같은 고농도 유기성 폐수처리에는 가압부상조 운영이 매우 중요하다. 가압부상조의 운전 factor를 조사한 결과, A/S ratio 0.05(설계기준 0.01), 가압공기 압력은 8bar(설계기준 6bar), 가압탱크 압력은 6bar(설계기준 4.5bar), HRT는 60sec(설 계기준 10sec)로 운영하였다. 또한 재순환율은 40% 이상(설계기준 30%), 표면 부하율은 13.7m3/m2· hr 이하(설계기준 17.7m3/m2· hr 이하)로 변경하여 최초 설계기준에 비하여 운전 factor를 유입특성에 따라 변화시켜 가압부상조의 성능을 향상 시켰다. 유입부하 검토결과, BOD는 유입 설계기준 대비 140.7%, CODMn는 120.32%, SS는 106.3%로 조사되었으며, T-N은 135.5%, T-P는 173.3%로 설계기준보다 높게 유입되고 있었다. 처리시설의 연간 운영비를 조사한 결과, 슬러지 처리비(27.7%) 와 약품비(26.0%)가 높은 비중을 차지하였으며, 슬러지 처리비는 해양투기 금지로 더욱 상승할 것으로 판단된다. 수산물 가 공폐수 처리단가는 1톤당 3,858원으로 하수처리비용(142.6원/ton)에 비해 27배 이상으로 높게 조사되었는데, 이는 고농도의 유기물과 영양염류를 포함하고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. The survey revealed that, due to the discharge characteristics of seafood wastewater, irregular inflow loads were caused, making it difficult to treat the wastewater safely. It is crucial for the operation of pressure and floating tanks for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater such as seafood wastewater. The survey of operation factors for the pressure and floating tanks revealed this: A/S ratio 0.05 (design criteria 0.01), the pressurized air pressure 8bar(design criteria 6bar), the pressure tank pressure 6bar (design criteria 4.5bar), and HRT 60sec(design criteria: 10sec). Also, the recirculation rate was changed to over 40%(design criteria: 30%), and the surface load rate was changed to under 13.7m3/m2·hr(design criteria: under 17.7m3/m2· hr); thus, compared to the initial design criteria, the operation factors were changed according to inflow characteristics, thus enhancing the pressure and floating tank performance. The survey of inflow load revealed BOD 140.7%, CODMn 120.32%, and SS 106.3%, compared to the inflow design criteria, as well as T-N 135.5% and T-P173.3%, higher than the design criteria. The survey of the treatment facility annual operation cost revealed high portions in sludge treatment cost(27.7%) and chemicals costs(26.0%), and the sludge treatment cost will likely further increase due to the ban on ocean dumping. The unit cost for the treatment of seafood wastewater was found to be KRW 3,858 per ton, more than 27 times higher than the sewage treatment cost(KRW 142.6/ton), presumably because the seafood wastewater contains high-concentration organic substances and nutritive salts.

수산물 가공폐수내 염분농도가 고율 혐기성 소화에 미치는 영향

최용범(Yong Bum Choi),한동준(Dong Joon Han),이해승(Hae Seung Lee),권재혁(Jae Hyouk Kwon) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.10

본 논문은 수산물가공 폐수내 염분농도가 고율 혐기성 소화공정에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. HRT 6 hr 이상에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 81.1~90.7%로 조사되어, 수산물 가공폐수 처리를 위한 최적 HRT는 6 hr 이상으로 조사되었다. 유기물 부하 7.83~17.37 kgTCODcr/m3/day에서 TCODcr 제거당 메탄 발생량은 0.23~0.38 m3CH₄/kgCODrem.으로 STP 상태의 이론적 메탄가스 발생량 0.35 m3CH₄/ kgTCODrem.과 유사하게 조사되었다. 운전기간 동안 biogas내 메탄 함량은 70.1~76.8%로 유입부하 변동에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 염분농도에 따른 혐기성 소화효율 검토결과, 4,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서 TCODcr의 제거효율은 83.4~89.2%로, 5,000 mgCl-/L에서는 70% 중반의 제거효율을 나타내, 안정적인 처리효율을 위해서는 4,000 mgCl-/L 이하로 유지하여야 한다. biogas내 메탄함량은 3,000 mgCl-/L 이하에서는 64.7~73.3%로 조사되었으나 4,000 mgCl-/L 이상에서는 50.1~56.9%로 염분농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the salt concentration in seafood wastewater on the high-rate anaerobic digestion process. In the general high-rate anaerobic process test, the TCODcr removal efficiency at 6 hr or more HRT was 81.1~ 0.7%, and the optimal HRT for seafood wastewater process was found to be 6 hr or more. The methane content in the biogas was 70.1~76.8% during the operation, and was hardly affected by the change in the influent load. The results of the anaerobic digestion efficiency according to the salt concentration showed that the removal efficiency of TCODcr was 83.4~89.2% below a 4,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, and mid-70% at a 5,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration. Therefore, the salt concentration had to be kept below 4,000 mgCl-/L to ensure stable treatment efficiency. Below a 3,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, the methane generation was 0.2999~0.346 m3CH₄/kgCODrem., which was similar to the theoretical methane gas generation in STP condition (0.35 m3CH₄/ gTCODrem.). The methane content in the biogas was 64.7~73.3% below a 3,000 mgCl-/L salt concentration, but decreased with an increase in the salt concentration, to 50.1~56.9% at a 4,000 mgCl-/L concentration.