영화 <블랙 스완>에 나타난 대타자의 파괴적 욕망 : 라캉의 ‘Object a’ 개념 및 욕망의 불가능성을 중심으로

구자룡 ( Ku¸ Ja-ryong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2011 영어권문화연구 Vol.4 No.1

This paper aims at analyzing all the aspects of desire in the movie, < Black Swan > directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2010. The movie shows her struggle to face these various kinds of desires in a psychoanalytical way. Her mother, Erica wants her to be a white swan whereas the art director, Tomas wants her to be a black swan. Meanwhile, there appears an another black swan named Lily, and she affects Nina in a destructive way. Eventually, Nina stabs herself with a knife. The movie ends up showing ‘perfect Nina’ who completes both white and black swan's presence. In this article, I will critically analyze Erica and Thomas's desires through the concept of ‘Object a’ in Lacan's desire theory. In addition, I will explain the impossibility of desire through Autre's concepts of ‘surplus - jouissance,’ and ‘desire of phallus.’ After all, all these discussions are going to be the effort of work that tries to find out how a destructive desire works and where it comes from. This will share a similar concept of Lacan's “Che Voui,”. Is my desire really an actual desire of myself? Why am I being a someone else's desire, instead of being a desire of myself? Through asking and solving these questions, this thesis is going to point out the fact that there is no perfection or perfect ego, and this ‘illusion of perfection’ does have a destructibility.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 파키스탄산 마황으로 조성된 강지환(降脂丸)의 단독 투여와 강지환합가미소체환(降脂丸合加味消滯丸)의 병용 투여의 체중감량 효과 비교

석화준,유재상,구자룡,윤기현,조주흠,장두현,정양삼,김종훈,김병출,노종성,이혜림,이형희,윤미정,신순식,Seok, Hoa Jun,Yoo, Jae Sang,Ku, Ja Ryong,Yoon, Ki Hyeon,Jo, Ju Heum,Jang, Du Hyon,Jung, Yang Sam,Kim, Jong Hoon,Kim, Byeong Chul,Roh, Jong Seong 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : This study was investigated the improvement effects of Gangjihwan (DF) and combination of Gangjihwan and Gamisochehwan (GSH) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF and DF+GSH groups given a high fat diet with DF (40 mg/kg), and DF+GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood lipid markers, fat weight and histology were examined. Results : 1. Body weight gain and fat mass were significantly decreased in DF and DF+GSH groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF+GSH group. 2. Feeding efficiency ratio and circulating concentration of leptin were decreased in DF and DF+GSH groups compared with control. These decreases were significant in DF+GSH group. 3. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and fat mass, circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF and DF+GSH groups compared with control. 4. The size of adipocytes was decreased by DF and DF+GSH compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF and DF+GSH decreased the number of large adipocytes. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, liver fibrosis was also improved in DF and DF+GSH groups compared with control. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF and DF+GSH groups decrease feeding efficiency ratio, plasma leptin concentration, blood anti-obesity biomarkers and fat mass, improves body weight gain contributing to the inhibition of liver fibrosis. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF+GSH combination group than in DF-only group.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 파키스탄산 및 중국산 마황으로 조성된 강지환(降脂丸)의 체중감량 효과 비교

김병출,석화준,유재상,구자룡,윤기현,조주흠,장두현,정양삼,김종훈,안예지,우상이,윤미소,신순식,Kim, Byeong Chul,Seok, Hoa Jun,Yoo, Jae Sang,Ku, Ja Ryong,Yoon, Ki Hyeon,Jo, Ju Heum,Jang, Du Hyon,Jung, Yang Sam,Kim, Jong Hoon,Ahn, Ye Ji,Woo, San 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : This study investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani (DF-a) and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan (DF-b) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF-a and DF-b groups given a high fat diet with DF-a (80 mg/kg), and DF-b (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood lipid markers, fat weight and histology were examined. Results : 1. Body weight gain and fat mass were significantly decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-a group. 2. Feeding efficiency ratio and circulating leptin concentration were significantly decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control, whereas circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. 3. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and fat mass, circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. 4. The size of adipocytes were decreased by DF-a and DF-b compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF-a and DF-b decreased the number of large adipocytes. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, liver fibrosis was reduced in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF-a and DF-b not only decrease feeding efficiency ratio, plasma leptin concentration, and blood anti-obesity biomarkers, but also reduce fat mass, contributing to the improvement of obesity. DF-a and DF-b also inhibit liver fibrosis. In addition, these effects were similar between Pakistani Ephedra herba and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 파키스탄산 및 중국산 마황으로 조성된 강지환(降脂丸)-1, 2, 3, 4와 강지환(降脂丸)-1합가미소체환(合加味消滯丸)의 체중감량효과 비교

유재상 ( Jae Sang Yoo ),구자룡 ( Ja Ryong Ku ),윤기현 ( Ki Hyeon Yoon ),조주흠 ( Ju Heum Jo ),장두현 ( Du Hyon Jang ),정양삼 ( Yang Sam Jung ),김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ),김병출 ( Byeong Chul Kim ),석화준 ( Hoa Jun Seok ),윤미정 ( Mi 한방비만학회 2015 한방비만학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: This study was investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani Ephedra herba- containing Gangji-hwan-1, 2, 3 (Di-fatty; DF-1, 2, 3), Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangji- hwan-4 (DF-4) and combination of DF-1 and Gamisoche-hwan (GSH) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model.Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into seven groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF-1, 2, 3, 4, and DF-1+GSH groups given a high fat diet with DF-1, 2, 3, 4 (40, 80, 160, 80 mg/kg), and DF-1+ GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio (FER), blood lipid markers, liver histology, and fat weight and histology were examined. Results: Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-1+GSH group. FER and circulating concentration of leptin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. Circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The size of adipocytes were decreased by DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decreased the number of large adipocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decrease FER, plasma leptin concentration, blood anti-obesity biomarkers and fat mass, improves body weight gain. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF-1+GSH combination group than in DF-1, 2, 3, 4 groups.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 파키스탄산 및 중국산 마황으로 조성된 강지환(降脂丸)의 비알콜성 지방간질환 개선효과 비교

조주흠,장두현,정양삼,김종훈,김병출,석화준,유재상,구자룡,윤기현,노종성,안예지,이원경,윤미정,신순식,Jo, Ju Heum,Jang, Du Hyon,Jung, Yang Sam,Kim, Jong Hoon,Kim, Byeong Chul,Seok, Hoa Jun,Yoo, Jae Sang,Ku, Ja Ryong,Yoon, Ki Hyeon,Roh, Jong Seong 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives : This study investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani (DF-a) and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan (DF-b) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a high fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and atorvastatin, DF-a, and DF-b groups given a high fat diet with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), DF-a (80 mg/kg), and DF-b (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, blood lipid markers, ALT concentrations, liver weight and histology were examined. Results : 1. Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF-a, DF-b, and atorvastatin groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-a group. 2. Circulating concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in DF-a, DF-b, and atorvastatin groups compared with control. The decreases were most effective in atorvastatin group. 3. Liver weights were decreased in DF-a, DF-b, and atorvastatin groups compared with control. In particular, liver weight was significantly reduced in DF-b group. 4. Hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in DF-a, DF-b, and atorvastatin groups compared with control, and the magnitude of which was most effective in DF-b group. 5. Circulating ALT concentrations were decreased in DF-a, DF-b, and atorvastatin groups compared with control, but ALS levels were significantly reduced only in DF-b group. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF-a and DF-b decrease body weight gain, improve blood lipid metabolism, and reduce liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation, contributing to the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, these effects were similar between Pakistani and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 강지환(降脂丸)과 강지환(降脂丸)+가미소체환(加味消滯丸)의 비알콜성 지방간질환 개선효과 비교

장두현,정양삼,김종훈,김병출,석화준,유재상,구자룡,윤기현,조주흠,이혜림,노종성,윤호영,윤미정,신순식,Jang, Du Hyon,Jung, Yang Sam,Kim, Jong Hoon,Kim, Byeong Chul,Seok, Hoa Jun,Yoo, Jae Sang,Ku, Ja Ryong,Yoon, Ki Hyeon,Jo, Ju Heum,Lee, Hye Rim,Ro 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives : This study investigated the improvement effects of Gangjihwan (DF) and combination of Gangjihwan and Gamisochehwan (GSH) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a high fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and atorvastatin, DF, and DF+GSH groups given a high fat diet with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), DF (40 mg/kg), and DF+GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, blood lipid markers, ALT concentrations, liver weight and histology were examined. Results : 1. Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF, DF+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF+GSH group. 2. Circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased in DF, DF+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control. The decreases were significant in DF+GSH and atorvastatin groups. 3. Liver weights were decreased in DF, DF+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control. In particular, liver weight was significantly reduced only in DF+GSH group. 4. Hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in DF, DF+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control, and the magnitude of which was more effective in DF+GSH group than in DF-only group. 5. Circulating ALT concentrations were decreased in DF, DF+GSH and atorvastatin compared with control, but ALS levels were significantly reduced only in DF+GSH group. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF decreases body weight gain, improves blood lipid metabolism, and reduces liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation, contributing to the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF+GSH combination group than in DF-only group.

신증후 출혈열에서 Adhesion Molecule 의 발현 양상

이영호(Young Ho Lee),김난희(Nan Hee Kim),장미경(Mi Kyoung Jang),구자룡(Ja Ryong Ku),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),조원영(Won Yong Cho),김형규(Hyoung Kyu Kim),원남희(Nam Hee Won) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

N/A Objectives: The characteristic pathologic finding of renal biopsy in HFRS patients show diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrations in interstitium. However, their relationship between infiltrated T lymphocytes of renal interstitium and renal dysfunction has been suggested, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 which play an important role on activation. infiltration and cytotoxicity of T lymphocyte and costimulation to T lymphocyte mediate the interaction of lymphocyte to tissue injury. Athors purposed to investigate renal expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HFRS patients. Methods: We detected renal expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by immunohistochemistry using mouse monoclonal antibodys to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HFRS patients(n=6) and acute tubular necrosis as a control group(n=5). Results: 1) Expression of ICAM-1 in HFRS patients was strongly positive of glomerular capillary endothelium in 4 cases of 5 (80%) and weakly positive on parietal epithelim (20%) and mesangium(40%). 2) Expression of ICAM-1 in HFRS patients was positive on renal tubular cells in 2 cases of 6 (33%) and on peritubular capillary in 3 cases of 6 (50%), but was not found on renal interstitial cells. 3) Expression of VCAM-1 in HFRS patients was negative on the glomeruli in all cases, 4) Expression of VCAM-1 in HFRS patients was strongly positive on renal tubular cells in 4 cases of 6 (67% ) and on peritubular capillary wall in 1cases of 6 (17%), but was not found on renal interstitial cells. 5) In 5 acute tubular necrosis patients as a control group, renal expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 showed similar patterns with HFRS groups. Conclusion: Expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were present on renal tubular cells at 33% and 67%, These renal tubular expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HFRS patients may be related with the pathophysiology of HFRS, but further studies are needed to find out the exact role of adhesion molecules in pathophysionlogy of HFRS.

신장이식 환자에서 수술후 2 개월 이내의 핍뇨분석

권오상(Oh Sang Kwon),권영주(Young Joo Kwon),이영기(Young Gee Lee),정길만(Gil Mann Jung),김난희(Nan Hee Kim),장미경(Mi Kyoung Jang),김용섭(Yong Sub Kim),구자룡(Ja Ryong Ku),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),조원용(Won Yong Cho),표희정(Heui Jung P 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

N/A Objective: Graft survival rate has been improved due to newly developed immunosuppressive agents, care of recipient and operative method. However, since many risk factors are still threatening the graft survival, many studies have been underway to identify such factors, one of which has been on delayed graft function(DGF). Extending the definition of DGF to oliguria within 2 months postoperative period(POP), we began this study in order to evaluate what effects oliguria within 2 months POP have on graft survival and what are the risk factors involved. Methods: 103 patients who have had renal transplantation performed were divided into two groups (oliguric group and non-oliguric group), based on the presence or absence of oliguria within 2 months POP. Risk factors such as the recipient factors(age, gender), donor factors(age, gender), operative factors (warm ischemia time, intraoperative urine volume), HLA typing, postoperative hypotension, postoperative hypovolemia were compared between the two groups and the impact of oliguria on graft outcome was also analysed. Results: 1) 14 were Oliguric patients and 89 were non-oliguric patients. 2) One-year graft survival rate was 40% in the oliguric group and 98% in the non-oliguric group (P<0.05). 3) As the result of analyzing the risk factors, non living related donor(living non-related donor and cadaver donor) were 7(50%) in the oliguric group and 16(18%) in the non-oliguric group(P<0.05). The mean intraoperative urine volume was 442ml in the oliguric group and 774ml in the non-oliguric group (P<0.05). The occurrence of postoperative hypotension were 5(36%) in the oliguric group and 1 (1%) in the non-oliguric group(P<0.05). Other risk factors such as the recipient factors, donor factors, warm ischemia time, HLA typing and postoperative hypovolemia were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Graft survival rate in the oliguric group was lower than in the non-oliguric group. The risk factors for oliguria were non living related donor, intraoperative urine volume lower than 500ml and postoperative hypotension. In conclusion, renal transplantation from non living related donor needs to be proceeded with caution; the maintenance of intraoperative urine volume and the prevention of postoperative hypotension are essential for better graft outcome.

고지방식이 비만마우스 모델에서 파키스탄산 및 중국산 마황으로 조성된 강지환(降脂丸)-1,2,3,4과 降脂丸-1+가미소체환(加味消滯丸)의 비알콜성 지방간질환 개선효과 비교

정양삼 ( Yang Sam Jung ),김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ),김병출 ( Byeong Chul Kim ),석화준 ( Hoa Jun Seok ),유재상 ( Jae Sang Yoo ),구자룡 ( Ja Ryong Ku ),윤기현 ( Ki Hyeon Yoon ),조주흠 ( Ju Heum Jo ),장두현 ( Du Hyon Jang ),윤호영 ( Ho 대한본초학회 2014 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

Objectives : This study investigated the improvement effects of Gangjihwan-1,2,3,4 (DF-1,2,3,4) and combination of DF-1 and Gamisochehwan (GSH) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into eight groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and atorvastatin, DF-1,2,3,4, and DF-1+GSH groups given a high fat diet with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), DF-1,2,3,4 (40, 80, 160, 80 mg/kg), and DF-1+GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, blood lipid markers, ALT concentrations, liver weight and histology were examined. Results : Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF-1,2,3,,4, DF-1+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-1+GSH group. Circulating concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in DF-2, DF-4, DF-1+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control. Liver weights, hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis were significantly decreased in DF-1,2,3,4, DF-1+GSH and atorvastatin groups compared with control, and the magnitude of which was more effective in DF-1+GSH group than in DF-only group. Circulating ALT concentrations were significantly decreased only in DF-4 and DF-1+GSH groups. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF decreases body weight gain, improves blood lipid metabolism, and reduces liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis, contributing to the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF-1+GSH combination group than in DF-only group.

싸이클로포린에 의한 흰쥐 신손상에서 아포토시스의 역할

이영호(Young Ho Lee),김난희(Nam Hee Kim),윤종우(Jong Woo Yoon),이영기(Young Ki Lee),조상경(Sang Kyung Jo),김용섭(Yong Sup Kim),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),조원용(Won Yong Cho),김애리(Ae Ree Kim),원남희(Nam Hee Won),구자룡(Ja Ryong Ku),김형규( 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

N/A Objectives: Apoptosis is a physiologic or programmed cell death in contrast with necrotic cell death. Recently it has been known that apoptosis are concerned in the effects of chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy on tumor cells. Cyclosporine a(CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, has been effectively used in organ transplantaion, but it also has a significant toxicity in the kidneys. However the exact mechanism of CsA nephrotoxicity has not been ellucidated yet. This study was performed to investigate whether apoptosis particiates in CsA nephrotoxicity or not. Methods: Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. 1) Vehicle group(n=7) as a control: Cremopbor 50mg/kg/day/subcutaneously (sc) for 7 days, 2) CsA4 groupin=5): CsA 50mg/kg/ day/sc for 4 days, 3) CsA7 group(n=5): CsA 50mg/ kg/day/sc for 7 days, 4) R4 group(n=5): 4 days after CsA 50mg/kg/day/se for 7 days, and 5) R8 group (n=5): 8 days after CsA 50mg/kg/day/sc for 6 days, Biochemical parameters including blood pressure were measured in each group and the cell count of apoptosis in rat kidney was evaluated by in situ end labelling(ISEL) method. Results: 1) The increase of serum creatinine, blood pressure and decrease of creatinine clearance appeared in CsA4 and CsA7 groups. 2) The ce11 counts of apoptosis on tubular cells in CsA4 and CsA7 groups were significantly increased more than in control group(79.0±16.9, 98.4±11.4 vs 35.4±8.8, p<0.05), and the cell counts of apoptosis on tubular cells in R4 and R8 groups were not significantly different from that in control group(53.8±12.5, 65.2±7.1 vs 35.4±8.8, p>0.05), 3) The cell count of apoptosis on the interstitium in each group was not significantly different from that in control group(p>0.05). 4) The cell count of apaptosis on tubular cells was increased more than that on the interstitium in all groups. 5) The cell count of apoptosis on cortex only in CsA7 group was significantly increased more than that io control group(57.8±11.5 vs 21.8±2.6, p<0.05), 6) The cell count of apoptosis on medulla only in CsA4 group was significantly increased more than that in control group(636. ±17.9 vs 22.6±9.7, p<0.05). 7) Total cell counts of apoptosis only in CsA4 and CsA7 groups were significantly increased more than in contral group(96.0±21.1, 99.8±11.8 vs 46.6±11.4, p<0.05). Conclusion: CsA caused apoptosis mainly on tubular cells rather than the interstitial cells and apoptotic cells in CsA nephrotoxicity were not in- creased during the recovery phase. With the results apoptosis may play an important role in CsA nephrotoxicity.