소충(少衝) 자침(刺針) 후 혈위(穴位)에 나타난 저주파수 대역의 전기적 특성 변화(變化)

구성태,김재우,방석원,김경식,손인철,Koo, Sung-Tae,Kim, Jae-Woo,Bang, Seok-Won,Kim, Kyung-Sik,Sohn, In-Chul 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Subject : After acupuncture at So-Chung(HT9) in humans(n=4) we intend to know the differents of acupuncture at acupuncture and non-acupuncture on the electrical frequency change and signal transmission along the meridian with different acupuncture manipulation method. Met6ods : The etectrical signal on the heart merdian acupuncture point, So-Bu(HT8), Shin-Moon(HT7) and So-Hae(HT3), and control non acupuncture points was measured by electrodes biopack instrument. Acupuncture needles(diameter: 0.25mm, length:30mm) were used for acupuncture. The frequency was recorded before, during and after needling the So-chung. Results : After acupuncture the components between 2 and 5Hz frequency level were decreased comparing with that of pre-acupuncture state. Time-delayed correlation coefficient was increased every 10 seconds. It imply that the signal may be transferred. These effects did not appear at non acupuncture point and also did not arise when there was no ki(氣) feeling. These results suggest that acupuncture stimulation is similar to 2~5Hz frequency electric acupuncture. and ki feeling and manipulation which can induce ki feeling is very important in acupuncture clinic.

흰쥐의 신경병증성(神經病症性) 통증(痛症) 모델에서 양로(養老) 자침(刺鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果)

구성태,양윤정,김산,유인식,임규상,Koo, Sung-Tae,Yang, Yoon-Jung,Kim, San,Yoo, In-Sik,Lim, Kyu-Sang 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to yangno$(SI_6)$ on the neuropathic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in human is a neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : EA increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 1 hr. suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. EA applied to SI6 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 1 h. However, $ST_{36}$ point did not produce any significant increase of mechanical sensitivity. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effort was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a point, $ST_{36}$. In addition, this analgesic effect of EA is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control of spinal cord from the brain. Conclusions : The data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat; and 2) that EA-induced analgesia is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control in a point specific manner.

수양경(手陽經) 경혈(經穴) 자침(刺鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 족과 염좌(捻挫) 통증(痛症)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김일,안성훈,구성태,김선영,김경식,손인철,Kim, Il,An, Sung-Hun,Koo, Sung-Tae,Kim, Sun-Young,Kim, Kyung-Sik,Sohn, In-Chul 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to hand yang meridian on the ankle sprain model was examined. Methods & Results : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the lateral ankle sprain. To model this condition, the rat's right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under halothane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful ankle. EA was applied to the several acupuncture point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 h. EA applied to SI-6 point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the sprained foot lasting for at least 2 h. However, neigher LI-4 point nor TE-3 point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, LI-4 or TE-3. The analgesic effect of EA applied to SI-6 was more powerful when EA was applied by low-frequency and high-intensity stimulation. In addition, this effect need to be stimulated more than 15 min. Conclusions : These data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model in the rat. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to a Tae-Yang meridian at opposite side from the painful area in a stimulus point-specific way.

수양경(手陽經) 경혈(經穴) 자침(刺鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 족과(足과) 념좌(捻挫) 통증(痛症)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김일 ( Il Kim ),안성훈 ( Sung Hun An ),구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ),김경식 ( Kyung Sik Kim ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to hand yang meridian on the ankle sprain model was examined. Methods & Results: A common source of persistent pain in humans is the lateral ankle sprain. To model this condition, the rat`s right ankle was bent repeatedly, overextending lateral ligaments, for 4 min under halothane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful ankle. EA was applied to the several acupuncture point on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 h. EA applied to SI-6 point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the sprained foot lasting for at least 2 h. However, neigher LI-4 point nor TE-3 point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, LI-4 or TE-3. The analgesic effect of EA applied to SI-6 was more powerful when EA was applied by low-frequency and high-intensity stimulation. In addition, this effect need to be stimulated more than 15 min. Conclusions: These data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the ankle sprain pain model in the rat. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to a Tae-Yang meridian at opposite side from the painful area in a stimulus point-specific way.

흰쥐의 신경병증성(神經病症性) 통증(痛症) 모델에서 양로(養老) 자침(刺鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果)

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),양윤정 ( Yoon Jung Yang ),김산 ( San Kim ),유인식 ( In Sik Yoo ),임규상 ( Kyu Sang Lim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) applied to yangno(SI6) on the neuropathic pain was examined. Methods: A common source of persistent pain in human is a neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results: EA increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 1 hr. suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. EA applied to SI6 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 1 h. However, ST36 point did not produce any significant increase of mechanical sensitivity. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model could not be mimicked by BA applied to a point, ST36. In addition, this analgesic effect of EA is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control of spinal cord from the brain. Conclusions: The data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat; and 2) that EA-induced analgesia is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control in a point specific manner.

관절염 유발 방법에 따른 경혈의 진통효과 차이

구성태(Koo Sung Tae),김유성(Kim Yu Sung),이지은(Lee Ji Eun),황혜숙(Hwang Hye Suk),한경주(Han Kyung Ju),최선미(Choi Sun Mi) 한국한의학연구원 2006 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.12 No.3

Although the usage of acupuncture for pain has increased in recent years, the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia (AA) remain unclear. The lack of suitable experimental animal models for persistent pain, which show clear AA, has been the major stumbling block in the investigation of the physiological mechanisms of AA In the present study, we test AA in two knee arthritis models induced by injection of CF A or carrageenan as persistent pain models. After induction of arthritis, the rat subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied to an acupuncture point each on the contralateral forelimb for 30 minutes under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next several hours. EA produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the foot lasting for at least 2 hours when applied to LR2 in CFA model, and applied to ST36 in carrageenan model, but both points did not produce any significant effects in each other model. Further experiments showed that intraperitoneal pretreatment of naltrexone, a non-selective opioid antagonist, did not reduced the EA-induced improvement of stepping force in both of two models. These data suggest that EA produce analgesic effect in knee arthritic pain and the analgesic effect is specific to the acupuncture point depending on painful conditions.

동물실험을 위한 흰쥐와 생쥐의 경혈위치

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),김선광 ( Sun Kwang Kim ),김이화 ( E Hwa Kim ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),이봉효 ( Bong Hyo Lee ),채윤병 ( Youn Byoung Chae ),최일환 ( Il Hwan Choi ),최선미 ( Sun Mi Choi ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: The aim of the study is to draw a consensus in acupuncture point locations (APLs) which are frequently used in experimental animal studies. Well-documented APL is needed not only for human but also for rodents because stimulation of precise point is very important factor in acupuncture. Methods: We organized a committee with experts to reach a consensus on the APLs in rat. The subject points were limited to 22 points used in the papers published at international peer-review journals. To describe point locations, we adopted the syntax of sentence used in the WHO standard acupuncture point locations. Results: Locations of 22 acupuncture points such as ST36, LI4, PC6, and SP6 were described in English with photographic illustrations. Interestingly, we found that ST36 had been inserted into 2 different locations in rodent. Under consideration of practical use, the location of ST36 point was described in 2 different ways. Conclusion: We hope that newly developed APLs would be a good indicator of acupuncture experiments in rats and mice.

구진(灸津) 약침(藥鍼)이 Carrageenan으로 유도한 관절염에 미치는 영향(影響)

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),신종근 ( Jong Keun Shin ),최윤영 ( Yun Young Choi ),송정방 ( Jung Bang Song ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),김경식 ( Kyoung Sik Kim ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the analgesic effect of moxi-tar on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis and the relations between moxi-tar-induced analgesia and endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected Limb for at Least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the Limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Moxi-tar dissolved in ethyl alcohol was injected several acupoints. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Results: Moxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis Lasting at Least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Moxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by moxi-tar. moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and Longer Lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion: The present study suggest that moxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

제4차 WHO 경혈 위치 국제표준화 회의 보고

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),이지영 ( Ji Young Yi ),강성길 ( Sung Keel Kang ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyoung Yim ),김용석 ( Young Suk Kim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2005 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.2

Objective: To inform of the 4th WHO informal consultation meeting on the development of international standard acupuncture points locations, held in Daejeon, Korea, on April 23~26, 2005. Results and Conclusions: 12 experts from Korea, China and Japan discussed the locations of 18 controversial points that were not agreed at the previous meeting, and 16 non-controversial points that all 3 nations agreed on the locations but still needed more discussion for their expressions, as well as other non-controversial points that were agreed on both the locations and the expressions but were suggested by Chinese party to be discussed again. Also, the guidelines for English translation of the standard acupuncture points Locations and the development of the standard acupuncture points charts, diagrams, and dolls were discussed in this meeting. Through this meeting, the locations of ST3O, SP11, SF12, TE18, GB9, GB10, LR4, LR5, LR6, BL6, BL7, BL9, GB19 were agreed, but it was suggested that more research would be needed for the locations of LI20, GV26, PC8, PC9, LR7, GB30, LR12, and the expressions of ST36, ST38, ST39, BL1. Due to the time limitation, 16 acupuncture points out of those Chinese party suggested to have more discussion about were not discussed at this meeting and remained to be discussed at the next meeting.

제 5차 WHO 경혈 위치 국제표준화 회의 보고

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),김용석 ( Yong Suk Kim ),강성길 ( Sung Keel Kang ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ),황혜숙 ( Hye Suk Hwang ),최선미 ( Sun Mi Choi ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.2

Objectives: To inform the 5th WHO Informal Consultation meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, held in Osaka, Japan, on September 27~29, 2005. Results and Conclusions: Nine experts from Korea, China and Japan discussed the principles of acupuncture points locations and the point locations of 33 controversial acupoints that were not agreed at the previous meeting, as well as 328 non-controversial points that all 3 nations agreed on the locations to confirm the expression of every single point. Through this meeting, the locations of ST30, SP12, LR7 and expressions of LU6, LI8, LI9, LI10, LI 13, SP13, BL60, KI3, GB38, GB39, LR11, LR12 were agreed. Furthermore, locations of BL39, GB27, GB28 were confirmed out of 6 non-discussed points. However, several points were still required to held additional meeting to discuss. That includes LI19, LI20, ST36, ST37, ST38, ST39, SI6, KI9, PC8, PC9, TE9, TE17, TE23, GB7, GB30, GV26. In addition, foundation of the international society for the acupuncture point location was proposed to make a regular revision of standard acupuncture point location.