연산 효율적인 SIA 적응필터를 적용한 음향 반향 제거기의 설계 및 구현

곽효범(Hyo-Bum Kwak),고광철(Kwang-Cheol Ko) 한국통신학회 2004 한국통신학회 학술대회 및 강연회 Vol.2004 No.4

골격근 미토콘드리아와 인슐린저항성: 운동의 역할

곽효범 ( Hyo Bum Kwak ) 대한비만학회 2015 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.24 No.2

골격근, 간, β-세포, 지방세포, 위장, α-세포, 신장 그리고 뇌에서의 인슐린저항성은 비만 및 제2형 당뇨병 유발의 중요한 요인들이다. 이중에서 체중의 40-50%를 차지하고 있는 골격근의 인슐린저항성은 골격근 안으로의 포도당 흡수를 감소시킨다. 많은 선행연구들에 의하면 제2형 당뇨병 환자나 인슐린저항성이 있는 비만한 환자들은 정상인에 비해 골격근 내 적은 미토콘드리아가 존재한다고 보고되고 있다. 하지만 골격근 내 미토콘드리아가 인슐린저항성을 유발하는 원인인지에 대해서는 많은 논쟁이 되고 있다. 먼저 골격근의 인슐린저항성이 미토콘드리아의 기능장애와 관련되어 있다는 주장은 다음과 같은 가설에 근거하고 있다. 1) 비만 또는 제2형 당뇨병은 골격근의 지방산화 능력을 감소시키고 인슐린저항성을 유발하는 지방형성 중간물질들(예, FA-CoA, DAG, ceramide)의 축적을 증가시킨다. 2) 비만 또는 고지방섭취에 의한 인슐린저항성은 골격근 내 미토콘드리아의 과부하와 불완전한 지방산화에 의해 야기된다. 3) 골격근 내 미토콘드리아에서 생성된 산화적 스트레스(예, H2O2)가 비만 및 고지방섭취에 의한 인슐린저항성을 유발한다. 하지만 골격근 내 미토콘드리아의 기능장 애는 인슐린저항성을 유발하지 않는다는 상반된 주장도 다음과 같은 이유로 제기되고 있다. 1) 고지방섭취 동물은 인슐린저항성 유발뿐만 아니라 골격근 내 미토콘드리아의 증가도 야기한다. 2) 제2형 당뇨병과 인슐린저항성이 있는 비만한 환자들은 정상인에 비해 높은 골격근 지방산화능력을 나타낸다. 그러나 여러 가지 형태의 운동(일회성vs. 장기간, 유산소 vs. 저항성)은 비만과 제2형 당뇨병에 의해 야기되는 인슐린저항성을 처치하고 예방하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, liver, β-cells, fat cells, the gastrointestinal track, α-cells, kidneys, and brain represents the core defect in obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among them, skeletal muscle insulin resistance due to obesity or T2D is manifested by decreased glucose uptake because skeletal muscle comprises 40-50% of the total human body mass. Many previous reports indicate that T2D patients or obese insulinresistant individuals have less mitochondria in their skeletal muscles than lean control subjects. Whether or not mitochondria in skeletal muscle play a causal role in insulin resistance has been debated. A large number of studies demonstrated that skeletal muscle insulin resistance is associated with mitochondrial deficiency including 1) reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased accumulation of lipid intermediates (e.g., FA-CoA, DAG, ceramide), 2) increased mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation, and 3) increased mitochondrial oxidative stress (e.g., H2O2) in skeletal muscle. In contrast, some studies demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is not responsible for insulin resistance, suggesting that 1) the development of insulin resistance in high-fat diet animals occurs with increased muscle mitochondria, and 2) fatty acid oxidation is higher in T2D patients and obese insulin-resistant individuals compared with lean control subjects. However, various types of exercises (acute vs chronic, aerobic vs resistance) are critical in the treatment and prevention of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D.

동물모델과 유산소운동 프로그램 설계

윤진환 ( Jin Hwan Yoon ),곽효범 ( Hyo Bum Kwak ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.1

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systemic review was to (i) investigate the characteristics of aerobic exercise modalities in animal models; and (ii) to provide exercise and/or medical scientists with basic knowledge and skills to design aerobic exercise programs in animal models. METHODS: Because the evidence of exercise benefits continues to be accumulated, many exercise and/or medical scientists have been interested in performing systemic studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise training affects the structure and function in every tissue and organ in human and animal models. However, the use of human subjects is neither feasible nor desirable in some exercise studies, which are unethical because of invasive techniques and procedures. Therefore, animal exercise models have been developed for experimental protocols to test the impact of acute and chronic exercise on physiology, biochemistry, biology, and heath outcomes. We reviewed previous literatures focused on aerobic exercise modalities in rodents such as rats and mice with MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases because these rodents are most commonly used for exercise studies. RESULTS: There were three kinds of popular aerobic exercise modalities including treadmill running, voluntary wheel running, and swimming. We addressed the advantages and disadvantages as well as rationale for the use of the exercise modality in the various animal models. In addition, we provided the summaries of specific animal exercise programs (e.g., intensity, time, frequency, & duration) in treadmill running, voluntary wheel running, and swimming, which have been developed and selected in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: The aerobic exercise programs in rodents are effective in the following protocols; treadmill running (15-20 min/min, 10% grade, 5 days/week, 8-12 weeks), voluntary wheel running (more than 4-8 weeks), and swimming (30-35 ℃, 2-4% of body weight, 60-120 min/day, 5 days/week, 4-12 weeks).

검도 운동이 20대, 40대, 60대 한국성인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

백현규(Hyun-Kyu Pack),곽효범(Hyo-Bum Kwak) 인하대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2012 스포츠과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 노화와 검도운동이 한국 성인들의 삶의 질과 우울증에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 위하여 사설 검도 도장에서 수련하는 20대, 40대, 60대 남성과 여성 340명을 대상으로 설문지를 사용하여 조사하였다. 조사대상자의 특성은 집단별 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차를 이용하여 제시 하였다. 노화와 검도운동에 따른 대상자의 일반적 특성, 건강관련형태, 질병 여부 등 여러 변수에 따른 9가지 영역의 삶의 질을 비교하기 위하여 조사 대상자간 빈도분석(Frequency Analysis)을 실시하였다. SF-36 삶의 질 측정도구의 내적 일관성을 알아보기 위해 크론바하 알파(Cronbach"s α) 계수를 이용한 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였다. 연령에 따른 검도 운동의 효과성을 알아보기 위해 이원배치분산분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 분석은 모두 유의수준 p<.05으로 정하였으며, 통계처리는 SPSSWIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 자료 분석 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가함에 따라 삶의 질을 나타내는 신체적 역할제한, 감정적 역할제한, 사회적 기능, 정신건강, 활력, 일반건강 영역에서는 큰 변화가 없었고, 단지 신체적 기능 영역에서 60대에서 감소하였다. 동일한 경향으로 노화에 따른 우울증은 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 둘째, 검도운동은 20대, 40대, 60대의 삶의 질의 전반적인 영역에서 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 단지 검도운동이 20대의 활력과 20대의 일반건강만 향상시켰다. 셋째, 검도운동은 20대, 40대, 60대의 우울증에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론적으로 노화와 검도운동이 한국성인의 삶의 질 수준과 우울증에 전반적으로 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging and kumdo exercise on the quality of life and depression in Korean adults. In order to achieve such an objective, 340 males and females in their 20s, 40s and 60s have been selected for surveys and Kumdo exercise groups in each age group were performed in private kumdo training centers. The characteristics of the subjects have been categorized by each group"s frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation, and the frequency analysis has been conducted to identify the composition of the study subjects based on nine areas of the quality of life depending on many different variables including each subject"s aging, general characteristics related with exercise, health condition, diseases, etc. In order to obtain the internal consistency of SF-36 questionnaire, the reliability analysis using Cronbach"s α has been conducted. In order to analyze the effectiveness of kumdo exercise for different age groups, two-way ANOVA has been conducted. The analysis of this study has been verified at the level of significance (p<.05) by using SPSSWIN 18.0 for statistical processes. The results of this study were as follows. First, no significant changes in role limitation physical, role limitation emotion, social functioning, mental health, energy level, and general health were found by aging. However, the age group of 60s has shown the decrease in the area of physical functioning. Similarly, aging had no effects on depression. Second, kumdo exercise didn"t have a significant effect on the overall quality of 20s, 40s and 60s" lives, but has increased the energy level and general health of 20s. Third, kumdo exercise didn"t have a significant effect on depression for 20s, 40s and 60s. In conclusion, aging and Kumdo exercise did not have significantly overall effects on the quality of life and depression in Korean adults.

자가근막이완운동과 스포츠마사지가 남자 대학생의 운동수행력 및 피로회복에 미치는 영향

김양중 ( Yang-jung Kim ),이상현 ( Sang-hyun Lee ),김수진 ( Su-jin Kim ),곽효범 ( Hyo-bum Kwak ),강주희 ( Ju-hee Kang ),박동호 ( Dong-ho Park ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2017 운동과학 Vol.26 No.3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-myofascial release exercise (SMR) and sports massage (SM) treatment on exercise performance and fatigue recovery in male college students. METHODS: Twelve male college students (23.41±1.24 years, 174.33±6.75 cm, 71.57±9.63 kg, 17.01±6.48% fat) participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental treatment (SMR or SM) or control (CON). All subjects were performed with 1st treatment (CON, SMR, SM) for 10 minutes in the lower limbs before isokinetic exercise and Wingate test. After 1st treatment, Wingate test was performed for 30 seconds after performing isokinetic exercise at 240°/sec left and right 28 times. After isokinetic exercise and Wingate test (All-out), 2nd treatment was performed for 10 minutes. In order to analyze creatine kinase (CK) and lactate, blood was collected and measured 9 times in total. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the left and right endurance, maximal power, and total workload of the extension and flexor muscles measured by isokinetic exercise. In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean power (p=.116), maximum power (p=.214), fatigue index (p=.236), and total workload (p=.108) during Wingate test. In the case of CK and lactate levels, there was also no significant difference in treatment (CON, SMR, SM) and interaction effect except over time (p=.000, p=.000 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it seems that fatigue recovery and exercise performance are not affected by self-myopia relaxation exercise and sports massage treatment for 10-minute before and after exercise.

하이브리드 LED 가로등 제어장치에 관한 연구

강현준(Kang Hyun Jun),김성만(Kim Sung Man),문태웅(Moon Tae Woong),곽효범(Kwak Hyo Bum),류정호(Ryu Jung Ho) 한국통신학회 2010 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.2

회복 처치 방법에 따른 주짓수 모방 시합 중과 후의 신체수행력 및 염증반응

박종현 ( Jong-hyun Park ),이상현 ( Sang-hyun Lee ),김수진 ( Su-jin Kim ),송정란 ( Jung-ran Song ),곽효범 ( Hyo-bum Kwak ),강주희 ( Ju-hee Kan ),박동호 ( Dong-ho Park ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2020 운동과학 Vol.29 No.3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to induce sufficient fatigue through the Jiu-Jitsu game imitation exhaustion treatment that reflects the characteristics of Jiu-Jitsu competition, and then fatigue-related indicators according to the self-healing treatment method performed during the break between each treatment and to examine the effect on Jiu-Jitsu exercise performance. METHODS: Eight Jiu-Jitsu athletes (28.3±3.62 years, 24.6±2.5 kg/m2, 14.6±4.6% fat) participated in the study, and their exercise performance, RPE, lactate, CK, and CRP were measured after inducing exhaustion using the Jiu-Jitsu Fight Gone Bad (JFGB; 4 rounds×6 minutes JFGB, 12 minutes of recovery between rounds) test. These variables analyzed using two-way ANOVA with bonferroni’s correction. RESULTS: All the exercise performance, lactate level, and RPE showed only the difference over time according to JFGB treatment, and there was no significant difference according to recovery methods (passive recovery; PR, active recovery; AR, cryotherapy; CTR, oxygen inhalation; OIR). On the other hand, in the case of CRP, there was no significant difference in interaction effect, group, and time main effects. CK showed a significant difference only before and after JFGB treatment, but similarly, there was no difference according to recovery methods. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the recovery method, all variables showed a significant difference only over time according to the JFGB test, and the AR, CTR, and OIR methods were similar to the PR. However, it was observed that in the case of CK, immediately after the JFGB test, it increased significantly regardless of recovery measures.