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- 저자 : 곽종운 ( Jong Woon Kwak ) (검색결과 56 건)
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곽종운,최정환 ( Jong Woon Kwak,Jeong Hwan Choi ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.1
A chemical pretreatment for municipal sewage water was evaluated in a pilot system using a coagulant of Hi-PAX to remove the organics/inorganics particles of the receiving waters. As a result, the organic composition of a turbid water consisted typically of an about 70% of the insoluble organic matters, suggesting that a chemical treatment can be a good tool for removing them and consequently enhancing the treatment efficiency at a given residence time. The result from jar test equipped with a automatic controller showed that the optimum rapid and slow mixing time of highly charged metal ion complexes Hi-PAX with raw sewage water was around I and 20 to 30 minute, respectively. A rapid mixing at the dosing point was of paramount importance to enhance the treatment efficiency. When Hi-PAX 50 ㎕/ℓ was used as a precipitation agent in the lst precipitation system, the total removal rate of suspended solid was enhanced up to 90% which is correspondingly equivalent to the data obtained from the existing activated sludge method. Also, chemical treatment represented 80∼85% removal rate of P since it is very preferable to form AlPO₄, or other complexes, while activated sludge method was below 50%. But, such benifits were not observed in the removal of nitrogen. From our pilot test, conclusively, a chemical pre-treatment method was a recommendable candidate that can be applied for upgrading a sewage plant to be expanded or constructed.
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알칼리 금속이 첨가된 silica - alumina 촉매에 의한 메탄올의 탈수소반응의 연구
곽종운,박진남,이호인 ( Jong Woon Kwak,Jin Nam Park,Ho In Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.4
메탄올로부터 HCHO를 생성하기 위하여 연속흐름 장치하에서 알칼리금속이 혼입된 여러가지 실리카-알루미나 촉매상에서 메탄올 탈수소반응을 수행하였다. HCHO의 생성은 촉매상의 Bro¨nsted산보다는 Lewis산에 의존하였다. 이를 통해 메탄올의 탈수소촉매반응은 전자반응임을 알았고, 실리카-알루미나상의 Bro¨nsted산은 알칼리금속의 혼입에 의해서 중화되었으며, Bro¨nsted산의 중화효과는 혼입된 알칼리금속의 전자주게능력(electron-donating capacity)에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 그리고 메탄올 탈수소반응의 활성화에너지는 촉매의 Bro¨nsted산점이 K에 의해 중화되었을 때 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. Dehydrogenation of methanol to produce formaldehyde was carried out over various silica-alumina catalysts doped with alkali metals in a continuous flow system. The reaction was rather dependent on Lewis acid than Bro¨nsted acid suggesting that dehydrogenation of methanol was an electronic reaction. The Bro¨nsted acid sites on silica-alumina were neutralized by doping with alkali metals, and the neutralization effect of Bro¨nsted acid was dependent on the electron-donating capacity of the dopant metals. Activation energy for dehydrogenation of methanol decreased when Bro¨nsted acid was neutralized by doping with K.
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새관점주의에 대한 비평적 이해와 제언: 과학혁명 구조와 4차원 영성을 중심으로
곽종운 ( Kwak Jong Woon ),신문철 ( Shin Mun Chul ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2021 영산신학저널 Vol.- No.55
본 논문은 현대신학의 “뜨거운 감자”로 논쟁의 핵심에 놓여있는 바울의 새관점주의를 총체적 관점에서 비평하고 전통적 칭의론을 신학적이고 논리적으로 변호하려는 것에 일차적 목적을 두고 있다. 이차적으로는 신학적이고 실천적 방안으로서 영산 조용기의 4차원의 영성으로부터 “개념화된 칭의론”을 추출하여 실천적 차원에서 현대 칭의론 논쟁에 대한 대안을 제시하는 것이다. 전통적 “칭의호(號)”는 역사적으로 약 500년 전에 출항하여 신앙의 바다 위를 항해하고 있다. 하지만 새관점주의자들은 장기간 형성된 종교개혁적 칭의론을 밀어내고, 바울의 칭의론에 대한 새롭고 도전적인 칭의론을 주창하고 있다. 지금까지 형성된 “새관점주의의 한랭 전선”은 두 개의 전선으로 구분된다. 하나는 1세기 유대교에 대한 재발견이고, 다른 하나는 바울의 칭의론의 재해석이다. 본 논문은 새관점주의의 칭의론을 과학혁명구조의 논리성과 구체성을 가지고 비평하고, 궁극적으로 종교개혁적 칭의론을 적극적으로 변호하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 새관점주의의 대표적 신학자들, 샌더스(E. P. Sanders), 제임스 던(James D. G. Dunn), 그리고 톰 라이트(N. T. Wright)가 주창한 바울의 칭의론에 대한 새로운 해석을 총체적으로 탐색하는 한편, 새관점주의가 상정한 칭의론적 해석을 심층적으로 해석함으로써 총체적으로 비평적 이해가 가능하도록 하였다. 둘째로 토마스 쿤(Thomas S. Kuhn)이 제시한 과학혁명의 관점에서 새관점주의를 비평적으로 탐구하고, 나아가 새관점주의의 칭의론을 과학혁명구조의 관점에서 평가하였다. 과학 영역에서 새로운 이론이 수용·인정·적용되기 위해서는 “패러다임 변화(paradigm shift)”가 요구되는 바, 이는 신학 영역에서도 동일하게 적용되며, 하나의 새 이론이 변칙현상으로 인정되려면 “패러다임 변화”가 필요하다. 마지막으로 현대 칭의론 논쟁에 대한 대안으로 영산 조용기의 “4차원의 영성”으로부터 “칭의론적 모델”을 추출하고자 하였으며, 나아가 삶의 자리에서 적용 및 훈련 가능한 신앙의 양식으로 재해석하고자 하였다. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the New Perspective on Paul (NPP) in terms of its view on justification and to further suggest the newly conceptualized theory of justification extracted from Youngsan’s 4th Dimensional Spirituality as a theological and practical alternative to this debate. In essence, the rationale for NPP is insufficient in comparison to the widely accepted concept of justification that was introduced by Luther 500 years ago. However the reformative justification which has been formed through many years is being replaced by the justification of NPP which insists new and challenging theories. The NPP formed so far is divided into two. One is the rediscovery of first-century Judaism, and the other is the reinterpretation of Paul’s theory of justification. The thesis attempted to criticize the justification of NPP with the logic and concreteness of the structure of scientific revolution, and ultimately to defend the theory of reformative justification. As such, the uncritical recognition of NPP exhibits a potential danger to the church. In order to get a full understanding of NPP and its movement, a review of E. P. Sanders, James D. G. Dunn, and N. T. Wright’s interpretation of Paul’s justification concepts is necessary. Accordingly, this study includes their comparative evaluation and thought processes which may have a potential impact on the existing church. We will also critically explore NPP’s theology as well as its view on justification using Thomas S. Kuhn’s model of Scientific Revolution. In order for a newly discovered scientific theory to be recognized and accepted, a “paradigm shift” needs to occur. Likewise, in the theological realm, a “paradigm shift” is necessary for a newly discovered theological concept to be accepted and to replace the traditional concepts. Lastly, this study is committed to suggest the justification model from Youngsan’s 4th Dimensional Spirituality as an alternative to the current debate surrounding the concept of justification, and furthermore, in keeping with Pentecostal theology, to be used as a manual that can be applied to our spiritual and everyday life.
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정수처리에서 무기고분자의 분자량과 Si 성분이 응집 / 침전에 미치는 영향
곽종운(Jong Woon Kwak) 한국수처리학회 1995 한국수처리학회지 Vol.3 No.2
A newly developed coagulant of Si-inserted poly aluminium chloride silicate(PACS) which is characterized to higher molecular weight and Si insertion was demonstrated through laboratory and full scale tests to be resulted in the superior turbidity removal, less dosage rate and higher organics removal in comparison with the existing coagulants. The dosage rate of PACS in volume was about half of poly aluminium chloride in removing about 90% turbidity at a given condition. With PACS containing Si, the sedimentation rate after coagulation was faster than one obtained from poly aluminium chloride due to its enhanced crosslinking effect coming from Si linked within the polynuclear Al backbone. Intensive turbulence when the coagulant is mixed with the raw water was of larger importance for obtaining a lower turbidity. In the process of deactivation of aluminium, a inhomogeneous distribution of chemicals in water to be treated gave the lack of optimal turbidity removal which leads to the heterogeneous settling rates. The poorly reduced turbidity seemed to be improved by selecting a optimal dosing point or by increasing the coagulant dose. In residual Al, the particulate aluminium was demonstrated to be minimized by decreasing the remaining flocs after treatment, suggesting that their surfaces could be favorable to adsorbe Al species.
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김동수(Dong Su Kim),곽종운(Jong Woon Kwak) 한국수처리학회 1996 한국수처리학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Surface charge of particle was possible to be modified by only pH adjustment to be coagulated without any addition of coagulant. The particle size and surface area was evaluated to greatly influence on coagulation and flocculation. Two different raw waters showed the different coagulation response even when they were coagulated by the same metal salts. As a result, floc growth was intercorrelated with particle size distribution contained in the raw water, in which finer particles needed much more dosages. Coagulation seemed to be occurred at the surface between two particles. In particle surface effect, neutralization of surface charge by metal ions was remarkably dependent upon coagulant basicity as a chemical factor and metal salts with a higher basicity exhibited a good result for charge balance in water. The dosage required for neutralizing a high turbidity of raw water was rather affected by particle sizes than their magnitudes, suggesting that the initial turbidity is not a main factor for determining an optimal dosing rate. Such effect was verified in the treatment of storm water.
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