섬오갈피나무의 발아 및 유묘의 생육특성

고한종(Han Jong Ko),송창길(Chang Khil Song),조남기(Nam Ki Cho) 한국약용작물학회 2003 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation for mass production of Acanthopanax Koreanum NAKAI utilized for health food and medicine material. Germination rate of A. Koreanum seed were 64% when seeds were stored at 15 for 60 days and then were treated with 50 ppm of kinetin and dormancy were broken at 5 for 60 days. Rooting rates of green-wood cuttings treated with IBA 100ppm, NAA 50ppm, and IAA 100ppm were 61.7, 56.7, and 60.0%, respectively. Rooting rates of greenwood cuttings treated with Rooton in scoria + horticulture media and volcanic ash were 76.7 and 66.7%, respectively. Survival rate of seedlings planted on Aug. 10 was highest(96%) under 75% shading net while shoot growth was best under 55% shading net. Survival rate of seedlings planted on May 2 was highest(91%)55% shading net, and shoot growth was also best 55% under shading net.

메탄발효와 퇴비화 공정이 연계된 가축분뇨 처리시설에서 발생되는 악취물질 특성 조사

고한종 ( Han Jong Ko ),김기연 ( Ki Youn Kim ),김현태 ( Hyeon Tae Kim ),고문석 ( Moon Seok Ko ),히구치다카시 ( Takasi Higuchi ),우메다미키오 ( Mikio Umeda ) 한국동물자원과학회 2008 한국축산학회지 Vol.50 No.3

가축분 퇴비의 중금속 함량 및 화학적 형태별 특성

고한종 ( Han Jong Ko ),김기연 ( Ki Youn Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the total heavy metals contents and chemical forms in the animal manure compost. Materials and methods: A total of 109 compost samples were collected throughout the country and classified into three groups in accordance with the raw materials; pig manure, poultry manure and mixed(pig+poultry+cattle) manure. The compost samples were analyzed for total metal content and sequential chemical extraction to estimate the quantities of metals. Results: Concentrations of Zn and Cu in several compost samples were higher than the maximum acceptable limits by the Korea Compost Quality Standards. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in compost samples were 257~5,102, 68~1,243, and 0.02~2.54㎎/㎏ respectively, while Cr, Ni, As, and Pb were < 20 ㎎/㎏. The concentrations of heavy metals in pig manure compost were higher than those of both the poultry and the mixed manure compost. The predominant forms for extracted metals were Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb, residual; Cu, organic; and Cd, carbonate. Conclusions: Results indicate that the Zn and Cu contents in compost were higher than other heavy metals and the heavy metalcontents were greater in pig manure compost followed by mixed and poultry manure compost. To prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in soil where animal manure compost is applied, strategy for reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal manure and compost must be considered

유기성 폐기물 자원화 시설에서 발생되는 부유 세균의 분포 특성

김기연,고한종,김대근,Kim, Ki-Youn,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, Dae-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Bioaerosols released by treating organic-waste resources cause a variety of environmental and hygiene problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution characteristics of the airborne bacteria emitted from a pig manure composting plant, a principal site for organic-waste resource facilities. Methods: Three types of pig manure composting plant were selected based on fermentation mode: screw type, rotary type and natural-dry type. Each site was visited and investigated on a monthly basis between September 2009 and August 2010. A total of 36 air samplings were obtained from the pig manure composting plants. The air sampling equipment was a six-stage cascade impactor. Quantification and qualification of airborne bacteria in the air samples was performed by agar culture method and identification technique, respectively. Results: The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in pig manure composting plant were 7,032 (${\pm}1,496$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for screw type, 3,309 (${\pm}1,320$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for rotary type, and 5,580 (${\pm}1,106$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for natural dry type. The screw type pig manure composting plant showed the highest concentration of airborne bacteria, followed by the natural dry type and the rotary type. The ratio of respirable to total airborne bacteria was approximately 40-60%. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia spp. Conclusion: Monthly levels of airborne bacteria were highest in August and lowest in November regardless of fermentation mode. There was no significant correlation relationship between airborne bacteria and environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and particulate matters in pig manure composting plants.

젖소 사육에서 탄소 순환 체계에 관한 고찰 연구

김기연,고한종,김치호,최은규,김종구,유영선,김현태,Kim, Ki-Youn,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, Chi-Ho,Choi, Eun-Gyu,Kim, Joung-Ku,Ryou, Young-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Tae 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

젖소를 사육하는 유우농가 마을을 대상으로 선행 국내/외 문헌자료들에 대한 고찰을 통해 탄소 유입과 배출에 따른 각 부문별 발생량 원단위에 대한 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 1. 젖소 사육과정에서 탄소 유입에 대한 발생량 원단위는 젖소의 사료 섭취에 의한 탄소 유입(${\fallingdotseq}$ 5.9 ton C/head/year), 젖소 분뇨 퇴비를 초지로 환원시 탄소 유입(${\fallingdotseq}$ 2.3 ton C/head/year), 초지가 함유하고 있는 유기탄소(${\fallingdotseq}$ 318g C/$m^2$/year), 사료작물이 함유하고 있는 유기탄소(${\fallingdotseq}$ 145 g C/$m^2$/year) 및 광합성에의한 대기 중 $CO_2$의 초지 사료작물 흡수(${\fallingdotseq}$ 17 g C/$m^2$/year)로 정리할 수 있다. 2. 젖소 사육과정에서 탄소 배출에 대한 발생량 원단위는 젖소 호흡 및 트림에 의한 대기 중으로 $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 2,9 ton C/head/year), 젖소 분뇨내 유기탄소 분해에 의한 대기 중으로 $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 0.4 ton C/head/year), 초지에서 대기 중으로의 $CO_2$ 배출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 440 g C/$m^2$/year), 및 초지 내 유기탄소의 지하수 용출(${\fallingdotseq}$ 0)로 정리 할 수 있다. The first objective of this study is to estimate emission coefficient of organic carbon regarding its inflow and discharge for dairy farm through reviewing domestic and foreign literature published or reported previously. Its second objective is to provide fundamental data to establish carbon cycle system related to livestock production. Based on literature review, emission coefficients by inflow of organic carbon into dairy farm were 5.9 ton C/head/year for feedstuff ingestion by milk cow, 2.3 ton C/head/year for recycling manure compost of milk cow to grassland, 318 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in grassland, 145 g C/$m^2$/year for contents in fodder crop, and 17 g C/$m^2$/year for $CO_2$ uptake by fodder crop, respectively. on the other hand, emission coefficients by discharge of organic carbon from dairy farm were 2,9 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by respiration and burp of milk cow, 0.4 ton C/head/year for emission of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ by decomposition of organic carbon in manure of milk cow, 440 g C/$m^2$/year for emission of $CO_2$ from grassland, and 0 for elution of organic carbon in grassland into underground water, respectively.

액상 첨가제 살포 방법에 의한 밀폐형 돈사에서의 분진 저감 평가

김기연,고한종,김치년,Kim, K.Y.,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, C.N. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 지금까지 활용되었거나 새로이 제안된 액상 첨가제를 돈사에 살포하여 분진 농도의 경시적 변화를 관찰하여 제거 효과에 대해 객관적으로 비교 평가하기 위한 것으로 다음과 같은 결론들을 도출했다. 1. 살포 전 밀폐형 돈사내 분진 농도는 다른 연구자의 결과와 비교시 전반적으로 낮았다. 2. 온도의 경우는 살포 후 24시간까지 돈사 내부와 외부 큰 차이가 없었으나, 상대습도는 살포 후 1시간까지 증가하여 외부와 약 10% 가량의 차이를 보였다. 3. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들의 살포직후 분진 평균 저감율은 살포 전 농도 대비 약 30%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 살포 3시간 이후부터는 콩기름을 제외하고 다른 액상 첨가제들의 분진 농도에 대한 경시적 저감 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 5. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들 중 콩기름의 살포가 제거 효율성 및 안전성 측면 모두 돈사 분진 제어에 대해 가장 효과적인 첨가제였다. Appropriate air quality in the pig building is essential to prevent farmers' health as well as to increase pig performance. This on-site experiment was conducted to assess dust reduction efficiencies of several liquid additives with spaying method in the enclosed pig building. The mean reduction rate of total dust only after spray was approximately 30% for all the treatments compared to initial level before spraying additives, which was found to reduce the initial level of total dust significantly (p<0.05). The mean reduction rate of all the treatments at 1hr after spray was about 24% which was 6% lower than only after spray. Since 3hr after spray, however, total dust level were fluctuated variably for all the treatments besides application of the soybean oil. Based on this result, effect of soybean oil on dust reduction in the enclosed pig building was most prominent among liquid additives evaluated in terms of efficiency and duration.

답리작 춘계포장에서 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과의 혼파비율이 동위원소 희석법 및 차이법을 이용한 질소고정 및 이동에 미치는 영향

이효원,이효진,김원호,윤봉기,고한종,Lee, Hyo-Won,Lee, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Won Ho,Yoon, Bong Ki,Ko, Han Jong 한국초지조사료학회 2016 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 전남농업기술원 답리작 시험포장에서 2006년과 2007년 사이에 보리와 이탈리안 라이그래스와 각종 두과를 혼파비율을 달리한 처리하여 파종하였다. 주구는 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그래스와 자운영, 크림손클로버, 헤어리벳치, 사료용 완두였고 세구는 화본과와 두과를 각각 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 그리고 80:20이었다. 공중질소 고정량 및 이의 이동을 측정하기 위하여 질소동위원소($^{15}N(NH_4)_2SO_4$)를 2007년 4월 15일 처리 후 쿼드랏 안의 식물체를 6월 8일에 수확하여 화본과 및 두과로 분리한 후 안정성동위원소 질량분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 공중질소 고정률은 두과에서 화본과로, 질소이동은 차이법과 동위원소 희석법을 이용하여 구하였다. 본 실험결과의 주요내용은 동위원소 초과는 화본과에서는 차가 없었던 반면 보리와 두과와 혼파비율이 60:40인 처리에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그 값은 보리와 혼파한 두과는 0에서 0.54 범위였다. 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 초과 값이 더 높아 보리에서는 0.71에서 0.82, 두과는 0.37에서 1.01 사이였다. 공중 질소 이용비율은 보리와의 조합은 0%~49.5%, 이탈리안 라이그라스 조합은 0~60.5%의 범위로 다양한 결과를 나타내었다. 차이법에 의한 이동량 시험에서는 보리와의 조합에서 12.3~90.9 kg/ha, 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합에서는 보리보다 더 많아 31.7~107.8 kg 사이였다. 한편 동위원소 희석법에서는 보리와 두과 혼파조합은 0~36.1 kg/ha 그리고 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 0~50.6 kg/ha로 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 차이법에 의한 질소 이동량이 동위원소 희석법보다 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. In order to study the effect of barley, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and legume mixture on nitrogen fixation and transfer to grasses on spring paddy field, an experiment was carried out from Oct. 2006 to June 2007 in Naju, Korea. A split plot design with three replications was used for the experiment. One reference plot was assigned for each treatment to determine nitrogen fixation. Main plots consisted of Chinese milk vetch, crimson clover, forage pea, and hairy vetch with barley, respectively. Subplot treatment were barley or IRG with four seeding ratio of legumes (50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20). To estimate N fixation by legumes, $^{15}N$ isotope dilution technique was used. $^{15}N$ fertilizer [$(^{15}NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution at 99.8 atom N] was uniformly applied to $600cm^2$ in the middle of each plot on April 15, 2007. Plots were harvest by hand on June 8, 2007. Dried sample were ground to a fine power and analyzed for total N isotope N. $^{15}N$ was determined using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The calculation of N transfer was determined with the isotope dilution method. The content of N was higher in legumes than that in barley or Italian ryegrass. Nitrogen level in forage pea was significantly higher than that of other legumes. There were significantly differences in N content between legumes in IRG mixture. Atom % $^{15}N$ excess was significantly different in legumes with barley. The 60:40 sub plot had higher (p<0.05) atom % $^{15}N$ than other seeding ratio treatments. The enrichment ranged from 0 to 0.58. Compared to barley, the enrichment of IRG with its accompanied legumes was higher, ranging from 0.38 to 1.0. The N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) ranged from 0% to 49.5% with barley-legume mixture. It ranged from 0 to 60.5% in IRG-legume plots. N transfer from legumes to neighboring grasses was 12.3 to 90.9 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 31.7 to 107.8 kg/ha for IRG plots. IRG plots showed higher N transfer for IRG-legume mixture in general based on difference method. Based on $^{15}N$ dilution method, the N transfer was 0 to 36.1 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 0 to 50.6 kg/ha for IRG plots. There was a tendency toward higher N transfer on the difference method than that of the $^{15}N$ dilution method.

파종방법 및 질소시비량이 총체 벼의 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

김종근,박형수,이상훈,정종성,고한종,Kim, Jong Geun,Park, Hyung Soo,Lee, Sang Hoon,Jung, Jeong Sung,Ko, Han Jong 한국초지조사료학회 2015 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.35 No.2

본 시험은 파종방법과 질소시비 수준이 총체벼의 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 총체 벼는 국립식량과학원에서 육성된 "남일벼"를 이용하여 직파는 4월 25일, 이앙은 5월 25일에 하였다. 질소시비량은 총 5개 수준(90, 110, 140, 170 및 200 kg/ha)을 두고 수행되었다. 출현일, 출수일 및 내병성은 처리간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 녹색도는 질소시비량이 많아짐에 따라 짙어졌다. 초장은 질소시비량이 많아짐에 따라 커졌으며 분얼수도 증가되었고 직파보다 이앙구에서 더 많았다. 건물함량은 질소시비량에 따른 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았으나 생초 및 건물수량은 질소시비량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 늘어났다(p<0.01). 수량은 이앙하는 것이 직파하는 것보다 유의적으로 많았으며(p<0.01) 직파시는 140 kg/ha, 이앙시에는 170 kg/ha 질소 시비구에서 각각 최고의 수량을 나타내었다. 조단백질 함량은 질소시비량이 늘어남에 따라 증가하였으나 파종방법 간에는 차이가 없었다. ADF 및 NDF 함량은 질소시비량이 늘어남에 따라 증가되었으나 TDN 함량은 질소시비량이 늘어남에 따라 감소되었으며, 일정한 경향이 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 총체 벼 재배시 질소시비량이 높을수록 생초 및 건물수량이 증가되지만 수량과 토양환경을 고려하여 적정 질소시비량은 140 kg/ha가 권장되었다. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seeding methods and application levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and forage quality of whole crop rice (WCR). The WCR variety "Namil" was directly seeded on April 25 and transplanted on May 25. Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied (90, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg/ha). There were no significant differences (p<0.05) of the emergence date, heading date and disease resistance based on the nitrogen fertilizer rates; however, the WCR became dark at higher nitrogen fertilizer rates. The plant height increased at higher nitrogen fertilizer rates and the tiller number showed the same trend. In contrast to a direct seeding method, transplanting increased the tiller number. The dry matter (DM) content did not show a certain tendency based on nitrogen fertilizer rates, while the fresh and dry matter yields increased with incremental changes of the nitrogen fertilizer rates (p<0.01), and the transplant method increased the yield size. In yield analysis, the plot direct-seeded with 140 kg N/ha and the transplanting with 170kg N/ha showed the highest yields. The crude protein (CP) content increased with higher nitrogen fertilizer rate, but there was no significant differences between transplant and direct-seeding methods. The content of ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) increased with higher nitrogen fertilizer rate, but total digestible nutrient (TDN) content decreased with increased nitrogen levels. Although high nitrogen applications increased the fresh and DM yields, the 140 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer level is recommended as the proper nitrogen fertilizer level, considering both yield and the environments.

근적외선 분광법을 이용한 산지방목지 목초시료 화학적 성분 분석에 관한 연구

박형수,이효진,이효원,고한종,정종성,Park, Hyung-Soo,Lee, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Hyo-won,Ko, Han-Jong,Jeong, Jong-Sung 한국초지조사료학회 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구는 산지방목초지에서 채취한 목초 및 야초 혼합시료의 화학조성분석의 근적외선분광법 이용의 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 실시하였다. 충남 서산의 한우개량사업소의 방목초지에서 2년간 386점의 목야초 혼합시료를 수집하였다. 재료를 이용하여 파장을 수집한 후 파장이 동일한 시료를 제외한 163점에 대해 습식분석을 하였다. 최적의 검량식 유도를 위하여 파장은 가시광선 및 근적외선 전대역을 사용한 것 그리고 가시광선대역을 사용하면서 동시에 T값을 2.5 및 1.5를 적용하여 최상의 검량식을 구하였다. 전체적으로 볼 때 근적외선 대역의 파장을 사용한 것이 검량식 결정계수값이 높았고 또한 검증식 역시 같은 경향이었다. T값은 습식분석치와 NIRS 예측치의 차가 더 적은 1.5를 적응하였을 때 검량 및 검증값이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 검량식의 $R^2$치는 0.48~0.93 사이 그리고 검증식은 0.35~0.88 사이였다. 조단백질, 조섬유, NDF에서 보다 만족스런 예측이 가능하였다. This study was conducted to find out an alternative way of rapid and accurate analysis of chemical composition of permanent pastures in hilly grazing area. Near reflectance infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to evaluate the potential for predicting proximate analysis of permanent pastures in a vegetative stage. 386 pasture samples obtained from hilly grazing area in 2015 and 2016 were scanned for their visible-NIR spectra from 400~2,400nm. 163 samples with different spectral characteristics were selected and analysed for moisture, crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Multiple linear regression was used with wet analysis data and spectra for developing the calibration and validation mode1. Wavelength of 400 to 2500nm and near infrared range with different critical T outlier value 2.5 and 1.5 were used for developing the most suitable equation. The important index in this experiment was SEC and SEP. The $R^2$ value for moisture, CP, CA, CF, Ash, ADF, NDF in calibration set was 0.86, 0.94, 0.91, 0.88, 0.48 and 0.93, respectively. The value in validation set was 0.66, 0.86, 0.83, 0.71, 0.35 and 0.88, respectively. The results of this experiment indicate that NIRS is a reliable analytical method to assess forage quality for CP, CF, NDF except ADF and moisture in permanent pastures when proper samples incorporated into the equation development.

국내의 계사(鷄舍) 형태별 암모니아 및 황화수소 농도 특성에 관한 연구

김기연(Ki Youn Kim),고한종(Han Jong Ko),김현태(Hyeon Tae Kim),김대근(Dae Keun Kim),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim) 한국실내환경학회 2010 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study is to estimate concentration and emission unit of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released from domestic chicken buildings by field investigation. Mean concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from chicken buildings were 18.25(±4.78)ppm and 807.53(±526.17)ppb for caged layer house, 14.48(±4.13)ppm and 644.82(±312.48)ppb for broiler house, and 6.16(±2.02)ppm and 284.75(±232.08)ppb for layer house with manure belt, respectively. Mean emission coefficients of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 0.951(±0.131) g hen-1h-1 and 2.956(±0.968) mg hen-1h-1 based on head whereas they were 0.575(±0.082) g m-2h-1 and 12.44(±3.536) mg m-2h-1 based on time. In conclusion indoor concentration and emission coefficient of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were highest in caged layer housed, followed by broiler house and layer house with manure belt.