대학생들의 무산소 역치 측정을 위한 심박수 역치와 환기역치의 관계

고성식(Sung Sik Ko),이대성(Dae Sung Lee),정제순(Jae Soon Chung) 한국발육발달학회 2013 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose of this study was to compared relationship between heart rate threshold(HRT) and ventilatorty threshold(VT) by 4 different types of bicycle ergometer protocol. 10 male college students participated in the maximal graded exercise test. It analyzed the appearance of HRT by each protocol and difference in physiological variables related to such appearance. The data were analyzed by repeated measurements one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with significance level of a=.05. Results hereby attained are as follows. First, the appearance of HRT was shown in 10 out of 10 participants, indicating approximately 100% of appearance rate. As for appearance format, subject who had already showed such appearance indicated HRT in all protocol irregardless of 4 types of bicycle ergometer protocols. Second, in respect to the difference of ceiling value of variables by protocol, HRmax, VEmax, maximum respiration frequency(RFmax) had no statistically significant difference. As for VO_2max and all-out time, Protocol A and C(increase of 20W per minute) showed more statistically significant difference than Protocol B and D(increase of 40W per minute). As for maximum power, Protocol B & D showed more statistically significant difference than Protocol A and C. Third, as a result of the test over physiological and physical variables in VT and HRT levels, physiological variables(HR, VO2, VE, RF, P) showed no statistical difference, and in the power out-put, Protocol B and D showed more statistically significant difference than Protocol A and C. In conclusion, VT and HRT was considered to be at a same level or similar level in terms of physiological variables deciding AT, and especially the appearance of heart rate threshold was considered to be attributed to physiological phenomenon.

트레이닝 강도조절 요인으로서 심박수 역치의 타당성과 재현성

고성식 ( Sung Sik Ko ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2002 체육과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 남녀 대학생의 트레이닝 강도조절 요인으로서 심박수 역치의 타당성과 재현성을 확인하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 Conconi의 수정된 자전거 에르고미터 프로토콜에서 사전검사를 수행하였고, 심박수의 변곡을 보인 남녀 대학생 각각 8명을 선정하였다. 이들은 본 실험에 참여하여 서로 다른 프로토콜에서 최대점증부하 운동을 실시하였고, 그에 따라 심박수 변곡은 어느 정도 재현되는지, 또 각각의 프로토콜 내에서 산출된 세 역치 시점에서의 변인들은 어느 정도 관련이 있고, 그 수준은 어떠한 양상을 보이는지를 규명하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심박수의 변곡은 성별과 프로토콜에 관계없이 피험자 모두에게서 나타났다. 둘째, 각각의 프로토콜 내에서 산출된 변인들의 수준과 최대치에 대한 상대적인 비율은 세 역치수준 간에 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 셋째, 각각의 프로토콜 내에서 산출된 세 역치수준에서의 변인들은 통계적으로 높은 상관이 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 측정조건과 독립적으로 피험자 모두에게 심박수 역치가 재현되었고, 그 수준은 젖산, 환기역치 시점과 높은 관련을 보여 선행연구에서 주장한 심박수 역치의 재현성과 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 서로 다른 프로토콜에서 반복 측정된 심박수 역치 시점에서의 심박수는 최대심박수의 약 90%로 일관성 있게 나타나 본 연구의 범위 내에서 측정된 심박수 역치는 트레이닝의 강도조절 요인으로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to verified the validity and the reproducibility of the heart rate threshold (HRT) as the factor of the exercise training intensity. Subjects were consisted of the college-aged male(N=8) and female(N=8) sports students. Subjects were performed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer starting with an initial power output of 40W with intensity increments of 10W/min or 20W/min until the subjects were exhausted, showing a heart rate deflection point. Subjects then in random order performed two cycle ergometer tests(modified Conconi test), respectively. The HRT and LT determination was done by computer aided deflection point regression analysis from dependence of functional measures on power output. The same computer algorithm was used for VT determination from the relationship between ventilation and oxygen uptake. The results of this study as follow; First, all subjects demonstrated an heart rate threshold on the tests. Second, there were no significant differences inside test protocols of the HR and VO2 at the HRT. Third, highly significant correlations were found among all measurements made at threshold level in all the thresholds investigated. Fourth, heart rate at HRT was almost constantly in a narrow range around 90% of HRmax. These results suggest that HRT could be used as an alternative method of determining anaerobic threshold in sports students. Thus, This HRT method may be attractive for the application in training intensity.

젖산역치와 Dmax 방법으로 결정된 심박수 역치의 타당성

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국체육교육학회 2007 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

비만관련 교육과 복합운동 병행 처치가 비만 아동의 신체구성과 체력에 미치는 영향

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국체육교육학회 2009 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lifestyle education and combined exercise training on body composition and physical fitness in obese children. The subjects, who were composed of obese boys(n=20) and girls(n=18) were voluntarily invited to participate in a 12-week intervention program, which was consisted of an aerobic and resistance combined exercise with a duration of 30-50 minutes and a frequency of 3 times per week and a lifestyle education(LSE) with a frequency of once a week. Group(2) and Trail(2) analyses using two-way ANOVA with repeated measure showed that 1) the intervention program resulted in significant improvements in height, weight, percent body fat, and BMI in both boys and girls. 2) the intervention program also resulted in significant improvements in physical fitness including grip strength, side step, sit-standing, one foot standing, and sit-up in both boys and girls. In addition, there were significant sex differences in BMI, WHR, and grip strength. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggest that the intervention program consisting of combined exercise and LSE can be used as an non-pharmacologic means of improving body fatness and physical fitness in obese children.

비만아동을 위한 보건소 운동프로그램의 실효성: 파일럿 스터디

고성식(Ko, Sung-Sik),소위영(So, Wi-Young) 한국웰니스학회 2015 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 12주간의 어린이 건강교실 프로그램이 비만 초등학생의 신체조성 및 체력에 어떠한 영향을 나타나는지를 살펴보고 자 하며, 설문조사를 통하여 비만인지도, 운동습관, 일상생활습관, 식사습관, 비만지식, 운동태도, 신체불만족, 자존감의 변화가 나 타나는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 충주시 소재 C초등학교 3-6학년 체질량지수 25kg/m2 이상의 비만초등학생으로 서 12주 동안 운동자각도 10-16의 운동강도에서 주 3회, 60분 동안의 규칙적인 운동과 주 1회의 영양 및 비만교육을 받았다. 12주 간의 건강교실 프로그램 참여 후 체중(p=0.020), 제지방량(p<0.001)은 통계적으로 증가하였으며, 지방량(p=0.005), 체지방율(p<0.001), 체질량지수(p=0.027), 가슴둘레(p=0.010), 엉덩이둘레(p=0.005)는 통계적으로 감소하였다. 악력좌(p<0.001), 악력우(p<0.001), 앉았다 일 어서기(p=0.043), 윗몸일으키기(p<0.001), 윗몸앞으로굽히기(p=0.003), 사이드스텝(p<0.001), 외발서기(p<0.001), 제자리멀리뛰기 (p=0.040)의 모든 체력 변인은 통계적으로 향상되었다. 결론적으로 12주 동안 실시한 어린이 건강교실은 비만 초등학생들의 신체 조성 및 체력에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으나, 비만인지도, 운동습관, 일상생활습관, 식사습관, 비만지식, 운동태도, 신체불만족, 자존 감의 사회심리적 요인에는 긍정적연 영향을 나타내지 못하였다. This study investigated the effect of a 12-week child health program on body composition, physical fitness, obesity awareness and knowledge, exercise habits and attitudes, daily living, diet, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem, in obese elementary students. Forty-eight (aged 10-13 years) elementary school students with a body mass index over 25 kg/m2 participated in this study. The child health program consisted of combined exercise (aerobic exercise and weight training) three times a week and nutritional and health education once a week, 60 minutes per session for 12 weeks. A paired t-test was used for analysis of variables. There were significant differences in weight (p=0.020), lean body mass (p<0.001), fat mass (p=0.005), body fat percentage (p<0.001), body mass index (p=0.027), chest circumference (p=0.010), and hip circumference (p=0.005) after 12 weeks of the program. There were also significant differences in physical fitness tests for grip strength (p<0.001), squats (p=0.043), sit-ups (p<0.001), sit-and-reach (p=0.003), side steps (p<0.001), balance on one leg with eyes open (p<0.001), and standing broad jump (p=0.040). However, there was no significant difference in obesity awareness and knowledge, exercise habits and attitudes, daily living, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. In conclusion, the 12-week child health program improved body composition and physical fitness variables, but social and psychological variables did not improve.

비만교육과 운동프로그램이 비만 중학생의 신체구성과 체력에 미치는 영향

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국체육교육학회 2010 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 비만한 중학생을 대상으로 교육과 복합운동을 연계한 프로그램과 교육을 연계하지 않은 비만중재 운동프로그램을 처치하였을 때 신체구성과 체력요인이 어떠한 변화를 보이는지를 밝혀 교육연계 비만처치 프로그램의 효용성을 가늠하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 비만한 남자 중학생 34명을 대상으로 교육운동군(10명), 운동군(12명) 및 통제군(12명)에 무선배정하여 주 1회 비만관련 교육과 주 3회 40-60분간 복합운동을 9주간 병행 처치하였다. 세 처치유형과 사전-사후의 반복 측정에 따라 얻어진 종속변인의 차이는 3×2 mixed design repeated measurement two-way ANOVA로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 체중, 근육량, 지방량, 체지방율 및 BMI의 신체구성 변인은 통제군에 비해 두 처치집단에서 프로그램 시행 후에 유의하게 개선되었으며, 교육운동군은 운동군보다 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 악력, 배근력, 각근력, 윗몸일으키기, 팔굽혀펴기, 앉아서기, 윗몸굽히기, 멀리뛰기, 한발서기 및 사이드스텝의 체력관련 변인은 통제군에 비해 두 처치집단에서 프로그램 시행 후에 유의하게 개선되었으나, 교육운동군과 운동군 간에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 시행된 교육연계 비만처치 운동프로그램은 운동프로그램만 시행했을 때보다 신체구성을 보다 긍정적으로 변화시켰다. 따라서 교육연계 비만프로그램은 중학교 비만학생들의 신체구성을 개선하는데 효과적인 중재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of educational weight control program on body composition and physical fitness in obese middle school student. A total of 34 obese adolescent boys randomly assigned to lifestyle education plus exercise training group(EEG, n=10), exercise training group(EG, n=12), or control group(CG, n=12) according to the presence of the intervention program. The EEG completed 9 weeks of aerobic-resistance combined exercise(40-60 min/day, 3 days/week) and lifestyle education(45 min/day, 1 day/week), EG completed 9 weeks of aerobic-resistance combined exercise(40-60 min/day, 3 days/week), the CG continued their normal life. Group(3) and Trail(2) analyses using two-way ANOVA with repeated measure showed that 1) the intervention program resulted in significant improvements in body weight, percent body fat, fat weight, lean body mass, and BMI in EEG and EG. However, EEG was effectively improvement better than EG. 2) the intervention program resulted in significant improvements in physical fitness including grip strength, back strength, leg strength, push-up, sit-up, side step, long jump, stork stand, and sit & reach in EEG and EG. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggest that the intervention program consisting of lifestyle education plus combined exercise program may be better than only combined exercise for improving fat loss in obese adolescent boys.

복합운동 트레이닝 유형이 중년여성의 건강체력과 신체구성 및 대사증후군 지표에 미치는 영향

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국발육발달학회 2009 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of the combined exercise training on body composition, health-related fitness, and metabolic syndrome parameters in middle aged women. The subjects were 43 who were divided into aerobic-resistance combined group(n=13), aerobic-stretching combined group (n=12), and control group(n=18) according to the presence of the exercise training. The two combined exercise group participated in 60minutes of walking exercise(20min)-thera band exercise(40min) and walking exercis (40min)-stretching (20min) three days a week for 12 weeks. The results analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were as follows; 1) body weight, fat weight, %body fat, waist-hip ratio, and BMI decreased significantly and lean body mass increased significantly in two combined exercise groups, whereas control group did not change significantly. 2) grip strength, back strength, and sit-up increased significantly in aerobic-stretching combined group and maximal oxygen uptake and sit & reach increased significantly in two combined exercise groups, whereas no changes in control group. 3) waist circumference, glucose, TC, LDL-C decreased significantly and HDL-C increased significantly in two combined exercise groups, while systolic blood pressure and TG decreased significantly in aerobic-stretching combined group, whereas no changes in control group. In summary, it suggested that combined exercise program has positive effect on body composition, health-related fitness, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Finally, there was an indication that combined group of aerobic exercise type may be better than combined group of resistance exercise type for improving fat loss and metabolic syndrome.

비만 여성의 연령대별 신체구성과 체지방 분포 양상 비교

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국체육교육학회 2003 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.8 No.2

여자 중학생들의 비만정도가 점증부하운동 중 상대적 및 절대적 운동강도에서 지방산화에 미치는 영향

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국사회체육학회 2005 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.24

트레이닝 유형이 남자 대학생들의 신체구성과 호르몬에 미치는 영향

고성식(Sung Sik Ko) 한국사회체육학회 2006 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.28