Glutamate로 유도된 C6 glial 세포 자멸사에 대한 청심연자음(淸心蓮子飮)의 보호효과

고석재,신용진,장원석,하예진,이선아,안민섭,권오상,신선호,Ko, Seok-Jae,Shin, Yong-Jeen,Jang, Won-Seok,Ha, Ye-Jin,Lee, Seon-A,Ahn, Min-Seob,Kwon, Oh-Sang,Shin, Sun-Ho 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objective : The water extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum (CSYJE) has traditionally been used in treatments of heart diseases and brain diseases in Oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which CSYJE protects neuronal cells from injury damages. Therefore, in this study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of the CSYJE extract on glutamate-induced C6 glial cell death. Methods : Cultured cells were pretreated with CSYJE and exposed to glutamate, cell damage was assessed by using MTT assay and propidium iodide (PI), probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining. Western blotting was performed using anti-procaspase-3 and anti-PARP, respectively. Result : We determined the elevated cell viability by CSYJE extract on glutamate-induced C6 glial cell death. Glutamate induced DNA fragmentation on C6 glial cells but pre-treatment with CSYJE inhibited DNA fragmentation. One of the main mediators of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was known to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with CSYJE inhibited this ROS generation from glutamate-stimulated C6 glial cells. Also, we identified that the ROS-induced DCF-DA green fluorescence was reduced by CSYJE pre-treatment. The critical markers of apoptotic cell death are the cleavages of procaspase-3 protease and PARP proteins, so we checked the expression level and cleavages of procaspase-3 protease and PARP proteins. Glutamate-treated C6 glial cells showed the cleavages of procaspase-3 protease and PARP proteins and followed the reduction of expression of these proteins. Conclusion : These findings indicate that CSYJE may prevent cell death from glutamate-induced C6 glial cell death by inhibiting the ROS generation and procaspase-3 and PARP expression.

V 및 HA 약침제제 및 한방치료로 호전시킨 남성형 탈모 환자 1례

고석재 ( Seok-jae Ko ),박재우 ( Jae-woo Park ) 대한면역약침학회 2016 대한면역약침학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Yakchim and Korean medicine treatment on male pattern alopecia. Methods : Twenty-seven years old male patient who has recently aggravated hair loss in his frontal and parietal scalp lesion was managed by V and HA Yakchim at his frontal area (about 2 times per week), herbal medicine decoction (Hyeongbangjihwang-tang, 2 times per day) and acupuncture treatment (about 2 times per week) for about 5 weeks. Results and Conclusions : After 11 times of Yakchim and Korean medicine treatments, his hair loss was markedly reduced and the hair density of left frontal scalp lesion significantly increased by new hair growth. However, the clinical effect and significance of Yakchim treatment on alopecia should be elucidated by robust randomized controlled clinical trials with relevant comparisons.

임상연구의 효과적인 대상자 모집 전략 - 기능성 소화불량증 임상시험 자료에 대한 분석 -

정의민,고석재,한가진,오승환,김진성,류봉하,박재우,Jerng, Ui-Min,Ko, Seok-Jae,Han, Ga-Jin,Oh, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Sung,Ryu, Bong-Ha,Park, Jae-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : While the proportion of clinical trials is increasing in oriental medical research, no studies in recruitment strategies exist. This study was conducted to investigate which recruitment strategy was efficient to increase the number of potential subject and to reduce cost. Methods : Data from 179 callers in a single-center between June 22 and August 12, 2010 were analyzed. Results : We found that daily newspaper and free newspaper advertisement collected maximal participants. Advertisements in the hospital and on the Internet were considered as the most cost-effective methods. Conclusions : Intensive multiple overlapping recruitment strategies might be effective in success of participant registration in a clinical trial.

배열회수보일러 케이싱 파손방지를 위한 열응력 저감 Heat Sink 설치 효과

최석민(Seok Min Choi),김선호(Seon Ho Kim),김풍일(Poongil Kim),고석재(Seok Jae Ko),정희봉(Hee Bong Chung),한봉기(Bong Gi Han),조형희(Hyung Hee Cho) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

This study investigate thermal stress on the HRSG casing adopting heat sink by experimental data and numerical simulation. Heat sink is adopted on the HRSG casing to reduce the thermal stress. Thermocouples are installed on the operating HRSG casing to measure the temperature. Measured data shows that temperature gradient is rapid on the middle section of the HRSG casing. On the middle section, the temperature gradient is average 100℃ and it will cause extreme thermal stress. By numerical simulation we found out the local temperature data and measeared the thermal stress on the HRSG casing. Thermal stress on the middle section of HRSG casing is the highest and we can easily assume that the breakages are frequently happens on that position. So, we installed the heat sink on the vulnerable position on the HRSG casing to reduce the thermal stress. By installing the heat sink, we can reduce the peak thermal stress by 10% on the vulnerable position. As a result, heat sink can reduce the thermal stress on the HRSG casing.

대칠기탕(大七氣湯)이 Glutamate에 의한 C6 Glial 세포의 Apoptosis에 미치는 영향

김혜윤,고석재,방창호,신선호,이동엽,이인,Kim, Hye-Yoon,Ko, Seok-Jae,Bang, Chang-Ho,Shin, Sun-Ho,Lee, John Dong-Yeop,Lee, In 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : The water extract of Daechilgi-tang(DCGT) has traditionally been used for treatment of qi stagnation(氣滯), which is considered to be one of the important causes of neuronal disease in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which DCGT protects neuronal cells from brain cell damages. Methods and Results : The author tested the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of DCGT on glutamate -stimulated rat C6 glial cells. DCGT significantly protected C6 glial cells from glutamate in MTT assay. Pre-treatment of C6 glial cells with DCGT markedly inhibited the DNA fragmentation of C6 cells induced by glutamate. Glutamate increased the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and intracellular calcium level in C6 glial cells. However, pre-treatment with DCGT markedly suppressed the increase of ROS generation and intracellular calcium accumulation induced by glutamate. Among apoptosis signaling mediators, DCGT markedly increased the expression level of Bcl2 in glutamate-treated cells. It also inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP proteins by glutamate in C6 glial cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that DCGT protects brain cells from glutamate cytotoxicity through inhibition of ROS generation and activation of apoptosis signaling pathway as well as induction of the anti-oxidant system.

기능성 소화불량 환자에서 설 지표의 경향성 파악

김지혜,고석재,박재우,김근호,Kim, Jihye,Ko, Seok-jae,Park, Jae-woo,Kim, Keun Ho 대한한방내과학회 2018 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: In this study, the tongue features of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) were compared with those of healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted on patients with FD and controls recruited at a single center. After screening, the subjects were allocated to the patient or control groups (patients=42, controls=40). Tongue images were acquired using a computerized tongue image acquisition system (CTIS). An independent t-test was conducted to compare the measurements from patients and controls. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine significant differences between the two groups after adjusting for age and sex. Results: The CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area was significantly lower in the patients with FD than in the controls (p=0.001). The tongue coating ratios were also significantly higher in the FD group than in the control group (p=0.003). We found that the CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and the tongue coating ratios were significant predictive factors in both groups, based on binary regression analysis (p=0.016, 0.044, respectively). Conclusions: This study found that FD was significantly associated with CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and tongue coating ratios. We suggest that these factors could be used as objective indicators of FD.

과민대장증후군(Irritable Bowel Syndrome)의 한의임상 진료현황에 대한 설문조사 연구

전혜진,김금지,고석재,박재우,Jun, Hyejin,Kim, Keumji,Ko, Seok-Jae,Park, Jae-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2021 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Objective: This study investigated the perception, diagnosis, and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the general population, in patients, and in Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) in order to provide basic information for the development of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for IBS. Methods: A questionnaire was developed in two versions, one for the general population/patients and one for KMDs. The questions were about the general perception, diagnosis, and treatment of IBS. Both online and offline surveys were conducted using these questionnaires. Results: In total, 213 general population/patients and 435 KMDs responded to the survey. The results of the analysis were as follows. Most of the KMDs diagnosed IBS based on clinical aspects. Acupuncture was the most common treatment, followed by prescription herbal medicine, moxibustion, and manufactured herbal medicine. 34.3% of KMDs used clinical practice guidelines for IBS patient treatment. 57.8% of patients were diagnosed with IBS by doctors at primary medical institutions, and 53.1% were diagnosed with colonoscopy. More than half of the IBS patients who have been treated with Korean medicine said they experienced improvement of symptoms and prevention of recurrence, but more than 70% of the respondents said future safety and effectiveness studies of Korean medicine were needed. Conclusions: In spite of the positive perception of IBS treatment with Korean medicine, actual utilization was relatively low. The development and promotion of, as well as education about, appropriate and reasonable Korean medicine practice guidelines for IBS is necessary.

한의 임상 복진법 - 전문가 의견을 바탕으로 -

김금지,전혜진,고석재,박재우,Kim, Keumji,Jeon, Hye-jin,Ko, Seok-jae,Park, Jae-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2021 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.42 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions of experts on abdominal examinations in Korean Medicine included in the curriculum of the College of Korean Medicine. Methods: Among Korean doctors, 14 experts on abdominal examinations were interviewed; the experts included 9 professors of Korean internal medicine, 1 expert in diagnostics of Korean Medicine, 1 primary care Korean medicine doctor, and 3 executives of a (former) Korean association of the abdomen. The interview consisted of questions regarding recognition of the clinical importance of abdominal examinations, how to perform abdominal examinations, the most frequent abdominal examination findings encountered in clinical practice, and the definition of some of the abdominal examination findings. Results: Most interviewees recognized abdominal examinations as important and used them in clinical practice. Opinions on additions and corrections were collected regarding observation items, posture, method, and order during abdominal examinations. Abdominal examination findings that were common clinically were abdominal fullness (腹滿), epigastric stuffness (心下痞鞕), abdominal tenderness, epigastric fullness (心下滿), and rib distention (胸脇苦滿). The answers to the question related to the definitions of abdominal examination findings included consent and supplementary opinions regarding definitions of deficiency-excess, cold-heat, abdominal tenderness, tension of abdominal muscles, succession sounds, and borborygmus; these were mainly selected based on abdominal symptoms that are highly quantifiable. Conclusions: In the future, based on the results of this study, additional research related to the drafting of a standard abdominal examination in Korean medicine should be conducted to provide an opportunity to increase the reliability of Korean medicine diagnosis.

한의복진법의 정량화를 위한 탐색적 임상연구 - 한의 복진기기 개발을 위한 예비 연구 -

이재홍,김상진,고석재,박재우,Lee, Jae-hong,Kim, Sang-jin,Ko, Seok-jae,Park, Jae-woo 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Objectives: This exploratory trial evaluated the possibility of quantitatively measuring several aspects during the "abdominal examination" of traditional Korean medicine. The main results of this study will be used to develop a new diagnostic device for abdominal examinations. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Three certified Korean medical doctors assessed the existence of pressure pain, the elasticity of the abdominal muscle, and the tonus at CV12 as gold standards. Then, 2 well-trained investigators measured the pressure pain threshold (PPT), the indentation depth of a bar, and repelling force by pressing CV12. Each investigator measured the above 3 variables 2 times at 1 min intervals using a modified digital algometer. Reliability and validity tests of the 3 variables were performed. Results: There were statistically significant coefficients of intraclass correlation on the 3 variables both between and within the investigators (P<0.001). Also, PPT and repelling force showed statistically significant high sensitivity and specificity in a ROC curve. However, the indentation depth of the bar presented relatively low sensitivity. Conclusions: This new diagnostic method using a modified digital algometer could be a useful tool for quantitative measurement in "abdominal examinations". However, future rigorous clinical studies with a large population will be needed for the verification of its usefulness.

한의 복진 정량화 연구 - 기능성 소화불량 환자의 복냉 진단을 중심으로 -

이재홍,조수호,고석재,김진성,박재우,Lee, Jae-hong,Cho, Soo-ho,Ko, Seok-jae,Kim, Jin-sung,Park, Jae-woo 대한한방내과학회 2018 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the possibility of quantification of the diagnosis of abdominal coldness (AC) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: Forty-four patients with FD were enrolled in this study. Three Korean medicine doctors each randomly examined all abdomens. Diagnosis of AC was made by consensus of at least two of the doctors. Body temperature (oral by digital oral thermometer) and skin temperature (by digital infrared thermal imaging [DITI]) were measured, followed by administration of the Cold and Heat questionnaire (CHQ) and the Instrument of Pattern Identification for Functional Dyspepsia (IPIFD). Results: Of the 44 patients with FD, 22 were assigned to the AC group and 22 to the non-AC group. The concordance rate of diagnosis among the three doctors was 63.6% (28/44), with a ${\kappa}$ of 0.504, indicating means moderate agreement). Neither the oral nor the skin temperatures showed statistically significant differences between the AC and non-AC groups. However, the CHQ scores and 'Simultaneous Occurrence of Cold and Heat Syndromes pattern' scores of the IPIFD were higher in AC group and showed statistically significant differences (p=0.010 and 0.009). Conclusions: This is the first study conducting quantitative measurements of abdominal coldness in patients with FD. Although oral and skin temperature showed no statistical significance between AC and non-AC groups, the concordance rate of diagnosis of AC among the three Korean Medicine doctors was moderate. The CHQ scores and 'Simultaneous Occurrence of Cold and Heat Syndromes pattern' scores of the IPIFD also suggest that diagnosis of AC is relevant to cold and heat patterns, and these questionnaires could be utilized as supportive data for the diagnosis of AC. Further studies should be conducted for the purpose of quantifying and standardizing abdominal examinations in Korean Medicine.