해외 가스 플랜트 시공단계의 위험요인 모델을 통한 비용 항목별 확률적 비용 변동범위 분석

강현욱,원유만,강민구,김용수,Kang, Hyun-Wook,Won, Yoo-Man,Kang, Min-Ku,Kim, Yong-Su 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Probability Costs variation ranges of the cost items from the risk factor model for construction phase of overseas gas plant projects. For this purpose, the risk factors were first examined through literature reviews and the main risk factors were selected according to its level of significance and occurrence rate through interviews with professionals. The percentage changes in the total construction cost for each main risk factors were computed and applied to the example case from the past. Monte-Carlo Simulation was employed on these results to analyze the probabilistic variation range. The results obtained from the above procedure are as follows. First, there were a total of ten risk factors including the schedule changes for materials procurement, the prolonged construction schedule, the modifications in design, and the changes in materials costs. Second, the variation ranges of the cost items affected by the above risk factors are as follows. The labor costs varied from 7,702 to 7,815 million KRW; the subcontracting costs varied from 83,688 to 85,495 million KRW; the contingency allowances varied from 7,330 to 7,468 million KRW.

부위별 분류 체계를 통한 공사비 및 유지관리비 분석 - 교육 시설물을 중심으로 -

강현욱,김용수,Kang, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Yong-Su 한국건설관리학회 2010 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 교육시설물의 부위별 공사비 및 유지관리비 분석을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 BTL 사업으로 발주된 서울지역에 위치한 초등학교 4곳을 사례 대상으로 선정하였다. 이렇게 선정된 사례 대상을 바탕으로 부위별 체계 정립을 위한 모델을 제시하였으며, 정립된 부위별 체계에 따라 공사비 및 유지관리비를 분석하였다. 이에 따라 부위별 공사비 분석표와 유지관리비 분석표 그리고 교육시설물의 적정 공사비 및 유지관리비를 제시하였다. 상기와 같은 목적과 방법에 따라 진행된 본 연구의 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1)사례 대상 학교 4곳의 부위별 공사비 산정에 따른 평균 금액 비율을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 총 공사비 6,666백만원 대비 구조체 47.15%, 건물외부 8.34%, 건물내부 23.37%, 전기 소화 5.74%, 급수 위생 4.27%, 난방 급탕 5.25%, 옥외시설 1.36%, 토목 4.51%를 차지하는 것으로 분석되었다. 2)사례 대상 학교 4곳의 부위별 유지관리비 분석에 따른 평균 금액 비율을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 총 유지관리비 4,309백만원 대비 건물외부 11.02%, 건물내부 41.81%, 전기 소화 14.81%, 급수 위생 11.22%, 난방 급탕 12.76%, 옥외시설 5.75%, 토목 2.63%를 차지하는 것으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze maintenance costs and estimation of elemental costs for educational buildings. The adapted research method selected four school buildings in seoul region as BTL projects. On the basis of the selected case, the study suggested a model to establish a system for each parts and estimate analyzed construction costs and maintenance costs according to that system. According to the analysis, the study proposed a partial construction costs analysis table and maintenance costs table and analyzed proper construction costs and maintenances costs. The results of this study are as follows 1) The average ratio followed by calculation of partial construction costs of the four school buildings are as followings. The total construction costs is analysed 6,666million won and each part of average rations is structure 47.15%, exterior of building 8.34%, interior of building 23.37%, electricity & fire fighting facility 5.74%, water supply & healthy facility 4.27%, heating & water supply facility 5.25%, landscape 1.36%, civil engineering works 4.51%. 2)The average ratio followed by analysis of partial maintenance costs of the four school buildings are as followings. The total maintenance costs is analysed 4,309 million won and each part of average ratio is exterior of building 11.02%, interior of building 41.81%, electricity & fire fighting facility 14.81%, water supply & healthy facility 11.22%, heating & water supply facility 12.76%, landscape 5.75%, civil engineering works 2.63%.

공동주택에 대한 부위별 공사비 산정에 관한 연구 - 사례 H사의 실행단가를 중심으로 한 연구 -

강현욱,유종환,김용수,Kang, Hyun-Wook,Yoo, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Yong-Su 한국건설관리학회 2007 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 사례 H사의 실행단가를 적용하여 사례대상 공동주택의 부위별 공사비를 산정 하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 실적공사비제도, 표준품셈제도, 공사비지수에 대해 고찰하고, 현행 공동주택 공사비 산정 방식의 문제점을 분석하였다. 다음으로 사례 H사가 시행한 공동주택 사례를 선정하여 부위별 분류체계를 정립한 후 하도급 업체와 거래한 실행단가를 분류하였다. 위와 같은 과정을 통하여 공동주택의 부위별 공사비 분류표를 작성하고, 이에 대한 활용방안을 제시하였다. 상기와 같은 목적과 방법으로 연구한 결론은 다음과 같다 첫째, 공동주택의 부위별 분류 체계를 정립하였고, 둘째, 부위별 분류 체계에 따른 공사비 분류표를 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to estimate elemental costs of an apartment building. The adapted research method includes a case study from $^{\circ}{\AE}H^{\circ}{\phi}$ construction company. The results of this study are as follows: 1) An elemental cost format of an apartment building is proposed, 2) An elemental cost table based on a case study of $^{\circ}{\AE}H^{\circ}{\phi}$ construction company is suggested.

활주로 건설공사의 위험사건에 따른 손실비용 및 위험예비비 분석

강현욱,Kang, Hyun Wook 한국건설관리학회 2022 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study is to derive risk events that occurred during aircraft runway construction and analyze loss costs for project participants. For this purpose, design change data, contracted statement and completed statement were investigated. The results of this study are as follows: There were 12 risk events in the process of construction, 5 design errors and 7 construction errors. The increased construction costs due to such risk events were calculated as KRW 726 million. Of the KRW 726 million that was increased due to risk events, about 52.57% was spent by the ordering agency, and about 47.43% contractors. The increased construction costs due to such risk events are about 4.86% of the direct construction costs of KRW 14.9 billion. Based on the results derived from these case studies, a method for estimating reserve costs and construction costs considering risk events is presented.

플랜트 건설사업의 모듈러 설계대안별 RVI 평가 모델

강현욱,Kang, Hyun Wook 한국건설관리학회 2022 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.23 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 플랜트 건설사업에서 모듈러 설계대안에 대한 위험기반의 평가지수를 도출하는 모델을 제안하는 것이다. 이에 따라 ① 기초사업비와 모듈을 적용하는 대상과 범위를 설정하는 단계, ② 설계, 구매, 제작, 운송, 시공업무에 대한 중요도, 편리성, 효율성 지수를 평가하는 단계, ③ 중요 위험사건의 영향에 따른 경제적 손실을 예방하기 위해서 필요한 예비비를 분석하여 총사업비를 추정하는 단계, ④ 모듈 설계대안별로 평가된 관리업무의 효율성 지수와 총사업비를 비교하여 RVI를 도출하는 단계로 구성하였다. 그리고 모델의 사용성을 검증하기 위해서 Module Plan-A는 Pipe Rack을 모듈로 적용하는 경우, Module Plan-B는 Steel Structure, Pipe Rack, Process Module을 모듈로 적용하는 경우로 설정하여 관리업무의 중요도, 편리성, 효율성 지수를 평가하고 위험예비비를 포함하여 총사업비를 추정하였다. 이와 같은 과정으로 모델을 검증한 결과, 1개의 공종에 모듈을 적용한 Module Plan-A 보다 3개의 공종에 모듈을 적용한 Module Plan-B가 관리업무의 효율성은 낮은 것으로 나타났지만, 기초사업비에서 간접비가 절감되어 종합적인 RVI는 높게 평가되었다. The purpose of this study is to suggest a model for evaluation of a risk based value index for modular design alternatives in plant construction projects. Accordingly, 1) Setting the basic project cost and the scope to apply the module, 2) Evaluating the importance, easiness, and effectiveness index for Engineering, Procurement, Fabrication, transportation, and construction work, 3) Estimating the total project cost by analyzing the risk reserve Step, 4) Comparing the effectiveness index and total project cost for each modular design alternative, it was composed of the steps of deriving RVI. To verify such a model, Plan-A, which applied a module to one process, and Plan-B, which applied a module to three processes, were composed to evaluate RVI.

해외 플랜트 건설사업에 대한 위험요인 도출 및 분석 - 설계, 조달, 시공 단계를 중심으로 -

강현욱,김민석,김수환,김용수,Kang, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Min-Seok,Kim, Su-Hwan,Kim, Yong-Su 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study is to analysis of risk factors in engineering, procurement, and construction phases for overseas plant project. The possible risk factors were carried out and classified into the three phases after a careful review of previous research and related papers. These risk factors were examined to evaluate its significance and effect on cost and schedule through AHP method after interviews with professionals. The results from the above described procedure are summarized as follows. 1) A total number of 32 risk factors were carried out. 2) The risk factors with the highest significance, the most effect on cost and schedule were derived for each phase as follows. In engineering phase, the frequent modification in design (E-08) had the highest significance; the errors in detail design (E-03) had the most effect on its cost; the errors in basic design (E-02) had the most effect on its schedule. For procurement phase, the material procurement delays (P-05), the price changes in main equipment (P-08), and the main equipment delivery delays were the factors recognized as the above. For construction phase, the subcontractors with low technical skills (C-08), the modifications in design (C-01), and the subcontractors with low technical skills (C-08) were the factors recognized as the above.

가시광선과 근적외선 파장을 이용한 조직 제거 연구

강현욱,오정환,Kang, Hyun Wook,Oh, Junghwan 한국광학회 2012 한국광학회지 Vol.23 No.3

In this paper, two wavelengths mainly used for laser prostatectomy have been quantitatively compared: 532 and 980 nm. Two lasers at 40 W were employed to ablate bovine liver in vitro. Ablation performance was evaluated in light of number of sweeps, ablation volume, and coagulative necrosis. 532 nm yielded up to four times higher ablation efficiency than 980 nm. Regardless of wavelength, ablation rate per sweep decreased with the number of sweeps. 532 nm generated relatively deeper ablation craters along with thinner coagulation whereas 980 nm created superficial tissue ablation with up to 2 mm thick coagulative necrosis. Due to higher light absorption and effective thermal confinement, 532 nm induced more efficient tissue ablation with a smaller coagulative necrotic zone. The current study demonstrated that 532 nm could be a more ideal wavelength for laser prostatectomy, and the future in vivo investigations will confirm these findings. 본 논문에서는 전립선 비대증 환자 치료 시 조직 제거에 사용되는 두 파장들을 비교 연구하였다. 가시광선 영역인 532 nm는 혈액 속의 헤모글로빈에 의한 흡수율이 높은 반면, 근적외선 영역인 980 nm는 물에 의한 빛의 흡수율이 높다. 동물의 간 조직을 각각의 레이저를 이용하여 40 W 출력에서 제거하였으며, 조직 제거율을 제거 횟수, 제거 부피, 열손상 정도를 통해 검사하였다. 532 nm의 경우 높은 레이저 흡수율로 인해 조직 제거율이 980 nm 보다 4배까지 증가하였으며, 열손상은 상대적으로 약 30%까지 낮게 나타났다. 파장에 관계없이 제거 횟수가 높을수록 단위 횟수당 제거율이 낮아졌으며, 이는 레이저 빛이 거리에 따라 발산함과 동시에 제거된 조직의 입자들이 먼지 방해 현상을 일으킴으로써 효율의 저하를 일으켰음을 짐작할 수 있었다. 보다 효율적인 열적 제한 상태와 높은 흡수율로 인해 가시광선 영역의 532 nm가 근적외선 980 nm 보다 전립선 치료에 있어서 더욱 효율적인 파장임을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 발견을 전임상 및 임상을 통해 확인할 계획이다.

플랜트 건설의 현장시공 및 모듈시공에 대한 공사비 비교 사례연구 - Pipe Rack을 대상으로 공사비 산정 -

강현욱,Kang, Hyun Wook 한국건설관리학회 2023 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to calculate and compare construction costs for On-Site Construction and Off-Site Construction in Plant Project. For this purpose, the target for calculating the construction cost was limited to the Pipe Rack(Steel Structure and Piping). The results derived according to the purpose of the study are as follows. 1)The direct construction cost for On-Site Pipe Rack construction was KRW 56 billion, with Steel Structure KRW 25.1 billion and Piping KRW 30.8 billion won. 2)Comparing the rate of change between On-Site Construction and Off-Site Construction, material costs increased by 1.9% and expenses by 192.1%, but labor costs decreased by -9.1%, resulting in a total direct construction cost increase of 8.4%. These results can be used as reference data to check the current status of the increase or decrease in construction costs when constructing Pipe Racks as Off-Site Construction.

해외 플랜트 건설사업의 비용분류체계 정립 및 비용범위 분석

강현욱(Hyun-Wook Kang),원유만(Man-Yoo Won),김민석(Min-Seok Kim),김용수(Yong-Su Kim) 대한설비공학회 2010 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

The purpose of this study is to analyze cost classification system establish and cost variation range for overseas plant projects. For this study, cost data from domestic construction companies is researched and classified by EPCC process. In addition, a questionnaire survey by plant experts was conducted for analysis of cost classification system establish and cost variation range on EPCC process. The result of this study is as follows: The cost variation ranges of each EPCC process were, from 8.91% to 11.19%. in engineering phase, from 24.99% to 32.68% in procurement phase, from 50.39% to 55.77% in construction phase and from 0.68% to 0.96% in commissioning phase.

해외 플랜트 건설사업에 대한 위험요인 도출 및 분석

강현욱(Kang Hyun-Wook),김민석(Kim Min-Seok),김수환(Kim Su-Hwan),김용수(Kim Yong-Su) 대한건축학회 2012 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study is to analysis of risk factors in engineering, procurement, and construction phases for overseas plant project. The possible risk factors were carried out and classified into the three phases after a careful review of previous research and related papers. These risk factors were examined to evaluate its significance and effect on cost and schedule through AHP method after interviews with professionals. The results from the above described procedure are summarized as follows. 1) A total number of 32 risk factors were carried out. 2) The risk factors with the highest significance, the most effect on cost and schedule were derived for each phase as follows. In engineering phase, the frequent modification in design (E-08) had the highest significance; the errors in detail design (E-03) had the most effect on its cost; the errors in basic design (E-02) had the most effect on its schedule. For procurement phase, the material procurement delays (P-05), the price changes in main equipment (P-08), and the main equipment delivery delays were the factors recognized as the above. For construction phase, the subcontractors with low technical skills (C-08), the modifications in design (C-01), and the subcontractors with low technical skills (C-08) were the factors recognized as the above.