광양만 유역의 수질 및 표층퇴적물에서의 PFOS 및 PFCs의 오염에 관한 연구

조현서(Hyeon Seo Cho),강조해(Jo Hae Kang),이대인(Dae In Lee),조천래(Chon Rae Cho),최민호(Min ho Choi) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2005 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

Per Fluorinated Compounds(PFCs) are fully fluorinated organic molecules produced synthetically in an electrochemical fluorination process PFOS, PFOA, PFHS, PFOSA are including among PFCs these compounds have high molecular weight and created are environmentally stable these compounds used in a variety of applications, such as in lubricants, paints, cosmetics, and fire-fighting foams. Produced and used widely over the last half-century, PFCs are being detected in wildlife and humans around the globe. Kwangyang Bay is a semi-closed coastal sea on the south coast of Korea. The total population within the bay watershed is approximately 240,000 people. Several rivers and ditches, including the Seomjin River, one of Korea's five biggest river systems, enter the bay, and seawater is exchanged with the South Sea at the southern part of the bay. The water depth is less than 5m in the western part of the bay, and is more than 20m near Myodo and in the eastern part of the bay. The area is characterised by a semidiurnal tide. Land-based pollution sources(river water, sediment) were investigated in January 2005 and seawater and sediment samples were collected in November 2004 and January 2005. Ranges of concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFHS and PFOSA in stream waters were ND-1411.5ng/L, ND-376.0ng/L, ND-488.0ng/L and ND-3.6ng/L, respectively. Stream sediments were ND-5.43ng/g dry-wt, ND-0.47ng/g dry-wt, ND-0.14ng/g dry-wt and ND-0.47ng/g dry-wt, respectively. Ranges of concentrations of PFOA in sea water at November 2004 were ND-5.0ng/L.. PFOS and PFOA in sea water at January 2005 were ND-14.3ng/L and ND-4.9ng/L, respectively.

시화호 해수 및 유입하천수 중 PFCs의 농도 분포

저현서(Cho Hyeon-Seo),강조해(Kang Jo-Hae),조천래(Cho Chon-Rae),박정채(Park Jeong Chae),이대인(Lee Dae-In) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2006 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

시화호내ㆍ외해수와 유입되는 하천수 중 PFCs의 농도분포를 2005년 11월에 채취한 시료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 시화호의 표층수, 저층수 및 유입하천수 중의 농도는 perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS)가 ND~0.8, 0.3~0.5, 1.8~35.9 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)는3 3.6~11.6, 3.6~8.1, 5.8~253.2 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA)는 ND~0.5, ND~0.4, 0.3~2.7 ng/L, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)는 ND~3.5, ND~0.6, ND-125.0 ng/L, pefluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)는 ND~3.3, ND~0.7, 0.7~405.5 ng/L의 범위로 각각 검출되었다. 전반적으로 PFOS와 PFOA가 전체 PFCs에서 상대적으로 높았으며, 지역별로는 시화호로 유입되는 하천수 중 산업단지부근에 위치한 L1~L5 지점에서 다른 조사지점의 농도에 비해 상대적으로 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. Water samples collected from the surface and bottom layer of Sihwa lake, and the inflow stream water around Sihwa lake were analyzed to determine the concentration of PFCs on November, 2005. Ranges of concentrations of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) in seawater of the surface and bottom layer of Sihwa lake and the inflow stream water around Sihwa lake were ND-0.8, 0.3~0.5 and 1.8~35.9 ng/L, respectively. Those of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were 3.6~11.6, 3.6~8.1, 5.8~253.2 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) were ND~0.5, ND~0.4, 0.3~2.7 ng/L, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were ND~3.5, ND~0.6, ND~125.0 ng/L, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were ND~3.3, ND~0.7, 0.7~405.5 ng/L, respectively. Dominant compounds of PFCs were PFOS and PFOA. Concentrations in site(L1~L4) of inflow stream located on the industrial complex were higher than the values of seawater and the others stream.

노력도 주변해역의 해양수질 및 저질환경 특성

유영석(Young Seok YOU),최민호(Min Ho Choi),강조해(Jo Hae KANG),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2011 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out the characteristics of the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and sediment environment from November to December, 2000 around Noryeog-do, located in the southwest part of korea. In the survey of seawater quality, suspended solid(SS) was shown in the range of 10.29~45.00 mg/L and was the highest value in bottom layer in November. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations were in the range of 8.14~10.04 mg/L, 0.12~4.53 mg/L, respectively. DO concentration showed a little of fluctuation range at layer of each time of survey, but COD concentration appeared the highest value at the surface layer in December. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) showed more highly concentration in November than December, and it showed more highly mean value of 1.29 ㎍-at./L at the surface layer in November. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIP) showed a little of fluctuation range at each layer of investigated season. N/P ratios were lower than 15 of Red field ratio in the whole area with the range of 1.45~19.18. It means that nitrogen is more controlling constituent than phosphorous in the growth of phytoplankton. In the survey of sediment environment, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) are in the range of 4.63~7.62%, 8.88~ 41.47mg O2/g-dry and 0.04~3.94mg S/g-dry, respectively.

2001년~2003년 하계 동중국해 해양수질환경과 해저 폐기물 분포

조현서(Hyeon-Seo Cho),김종희(Jong-Hee Kim),강조해(Jo-Hae Kang),최민호(Min-Ho Choi) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

광양만유역 점오염원의 오염부하량과 시간변동 특성

이대인(Dae In LEE),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO),조천래(Chon Rae CHO),이정훈(Jeong Hoon LEE),강조해(Jo Hae KANG),최민호(Min Ho CHOI),김도희(Do Hee KIM),윤진숙(Jin Suk YOON) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2004 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.-

Temporal and spatial characteristics of pollutant loads from the various pollution sources in Kwangyang Bay were evaluated. Total discharging loadings of BOD, TN, and TP by unit loading estimation were 11,524 ㎏/day, 11,536 ㎏/day, and 827 ㎏/day, respectively, and were mainly affected by the industrial and population sources. The Yeosu and Kwangyang cities as administrative district had the highest pollutant loads. Flow rate ranges from about 30-4,406,400 ㎥/day in December to 240-35,337,600 ㎥/day in August with a flow rate of PS27 (the Seomjin River) as the highest one. Total COD, TN, and TP loadings in August were about 89,915 ㎏/day, 2,077,845 ㎏/day, and 50,123 ㎏/day, respectively, which exceeded those of December. Especially, of input sources, the Seomjin river had the most pollutant loads. Wastewater discharging loads from the water treatment facilities was the greatest contributors to pollutant loads in the inner part of Kwangyang Bay. Point sources located in south-western part of the bay showed high concentration in heavy metals distribution. Seasonal variations of pollutant loads were related to the changes of flow rate, those were increased rapidly on August, 2004. For the improvement of water quality in this area, pollutant loads were reduced within the limits of the environmental capacity.

광양만 유역 오염원 및 오염부하량 경년 변동

이대인(Dae In Lee),조현서(Hyeon Seo Cho),조천래(Chon Rae Cho),이정훈(Jeong Hoon Lee),강조해(Jo Hae Kang),최민호(Min Ho Choi),김도희(Do Hee Kim),윤진숙(Jin Suk Yoon) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Temporal and spatial characteristics of pollutant loads from the various pollution sources in Kwangyang Bay were evaluated. Total discharging loadings of BOD, TN, and TP by unit loading estimation were 11,524㎏/day, 11,536㎏/day, and 827㎏/day, respectively, and were mainly affected by the industrial and population sources. The Yeosu and Kwangyang cities as administrative district had the highest pollutant loads. Flow rate ranges from about 30-4,406,400㎡/day in December to 240-35,337,600㎡/day in August with a flow rate of PS27(the Seomjin River} as the highest one. Total COD, TN, and TP loadings in August were about 89,915㎏/day, 2,077,845㎏/day, and 50,123㎏/day, respectively, which exceeded those of December. Especially, of input sources, the Seomjin river had the most pollutant loads. Wastewater discharging loads from the water treatment facilities was the greatest contributors to pollutant loads in the inner part of Kwangyang Bay. Point sources located in south-western part of the bay showed high concentration in heavey metals distribution. Seasonal variations of pollutant loads were related to the changes of flow rate, those were increased rapidly on August, 2004. For the improvement of water quality in this area, pollutant loads were reduced within the limits of the environmental capacity.