이중에너지 X선 흡수법을 이용한 골밀도 측정시 ^99mTc-MDP 투여 전·후 측정값의 변화

강용길,원도연,정홍문,Kang, Yong-Gil,Won, Do-Yeon,Jung, Hong-Moon 한국방사선학회 2017 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.1

최근 동위원소를 이용한 뼈 스캔 (Bone Scan)검사 후 골밀도 (BMD; Bone Mineral Density)검사를 당일검사로 병행한 경우 이로 인한 골밀도 측정값에 오차 발생 가능성이 제기되고 있으나 방사성의약품 표지화합물 투여 후 이중에너지 X선을 이용한 골밀도 측정값 변화에 대한 임상적 자료가 미비하여 핵의학 체내검사 후 당일 골다공증 검사의 측정값에 대한 논란의 소지가 있다. 따라서 동위원소 표지화합물인 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$가 골밀도 측정값에 영향을 미치는지 임상적 측면에서 실험하였다. 실험에 참가한 대상자의 평균 나이는 $35.17{\pm}9.45$세로 실험 대상자 17명 중 대사성 질환과 골밀도 측정에 영향을 줄 수 있는 허리뼈 압박골절 및 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 골절이 있는 자를 제외한 12명 중 정상 골밀도 T-scores>-1.0의 환자 6명을 대상으로 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 투여 전 후 측정값을 분석한 결과 허리뼈에서 전 후 각각 평균 $0.975{\pm}0.084g/cm^2$, $0.966{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$으로 $0.009g/cm^2$ 증가, 우측 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈에서는 전 후 각각 평균 $0.909{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$, $0.913{\pm}0.086g/cm^2$으로 $0.004g/cm^2$ 감소, 좌측 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈에서는 각각 평균 $0.887{\pm}0.099g/cm^2$, $0.881{\pm}0.103g/cm^2$으로 $0.007g/cm^2$의 증가를 보여 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 보다 허리뼈에서 더 큰 골밀도 변화를 보여주었다. 그러나 허리뼈와 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 전체에서 전 후 변화 평균은 $0.0038{\pm}0.014g/cm^2$으로 골밀도 측정값에 유의한 영향이 없음을 알 수 있으며, 또한 두 실험간 전체 상관계수는 0.987으로 방사성동위원소 표지화합물인 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 투여가 골밀도 측정값에 영향을 주지 않았다. 따라서 140 keV의 감마선 에너지를 방출하는 테크네슘 표지화합물을 이용한 뼈 스캔검사 후 골밀도 측정값에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 그러나 핵의학적 체내검사와 골다공증 검사를 당일로 검사함으로 인한 환자의 피폭을 고려한다면 시간 간격을 두고 검사를 시행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. Measurement of bone marrow measurements may occur if bone marrow examination performed with bone marrow examination (bone marrow examination) and bone density (bone scan) are performed together recently. Thus, it was examined in clinical aspects that $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ compounds were affected by bone mineral density measurements. The average age of the participants in the experiment was $35.17{\pm}9.45$ and the patient fractures of the lumbar vertebrae that could affect the metabolic disease and bone density measurements affecting the metabolic disease of the 17 subjects. 6 patients with normal bone mineral density T-scores>-1.0 in 12 patients were analyzed before and after the administration of $^{99m}Tc-MDP$. In the lumbar spine, the average of $0.975{\pm}0.084g/cm^2$ and $0.966{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ were increased by $0.009g/cm^2$. respectively In the right proximal femur, mean values were $0.909{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ and $0.913{\pm}0.086g/cm^2$. In the right proximal thigh, mean values were $0.909{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ and $0.913{\pm}0.08 g/cm^2$, respectively, which decreased by $0.004g/cm^2$. In the left side proximal femur, mean $0.887{\pm}0.099g/cm^2$ and $0.881{\pm}0.103g/cm^2$, respectively, increased by $0.007g/cm^2$. Therefore, the BMD changes in the lumbar region were larger than that in the proximal thigh. In addition, $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ did not affect the BMD. And a bone scan test using a technetium-labeled compound emitting a gamma-ray energy of 140 keV did not significantly affect bone density measurements. However, if the nuclear medical examination and the osteoporosis test are to be performed together, the examination should be carried out at intervals considering the exposures of the patient.

체내대사를 이용한 핵의학적 검사의 선량률 저감에 관한 연구

강용길,나수경,홍진웅,이귀원,김낙상,Kang, Yong-Gil,Na, Soo-Kyung,Hong, Jin-Woong,Lee, Gui-Won,Kim, Nak-Sang 대한디지털의료영상학회 2012 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was administered to the body for examination and treatment, high-energy radioactive isotope(F-18, I-131) in vitro discharge experiments. Increasing exposed dose of radiation to health professionals is caused by the increase of PET/CT use and a radioactive isotope. Therefore, the high-energy isotope F-18 and I-131 after administration about using Metabolite excretion was studied. As a results of this study, patients had plenty of fluids for testing and treatment alone administered radiopharmaceuticals can be more than twice as fast excretion induced emissions. Also was able to get a better image space to reduce the dose rate.

폐소공포증 환자의 핵의학 영상검사에 관한 연구

강용길,홍진웅,양한준,박성수,이귀원,김긍식,Kang, Yong-Gil,Hong, Jin-Woong,Yang, Han-Joon,Park, Sung-Su,Lee, Gui-Won,Kim, Keung-Sik 대한디지털의료영상학회 2013 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

Patients who had claustrophobia tend to feel fear when they were scanned by an MRI, CT, PET-CT, or using a gamma camera scan. In this paper, claustrophobic patients were tested to find effective ways by changing patient's positions. For this paper, PET-CT scan in patients who had claustrophobia were used in the prone position. Prone position helped to maintain stable position and to get a h0igh quality of inspection without failure. Thus, as claustrophobic patients were requested taking prone position, they could feel comfortable. In a confined space, prone position for the claustrophobic patients who had a fear of the PET-CT examination would be expected to reduce the failure rate of inspection.

범죄예방을 위한 환경설계의 제도화 방안 (Ⅳ): 공원 및 문화재 관련시설 범죄예방을 중심으로

박미랑(MiRang Park),신의기(Euigi Shin),강용길(Yonggil Kang),강석진(Seok-jin Kang),박현호(Harry Park) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구원 연구총서 Vol.- No.-

침입절도범의 행동분석을 통한 침입절도 예방대책에 관한 연구

강용길(Kang Yong gil),조준택(Cho Jun Taek) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2010 경찰학연구 Vol.10 No.1

In this context, to research for implications about burglary prevention measures based on situational crime prevention theory, we analyze formal crime statistics for 3 years made by National Police Agency and have in-depth interview with a couple of investigators, examined several interrogatories of burglary suspects. So we can learn about the objective and subjective aspect of criminal behavior and tips for improving burglary prevention measures including CPTED principle-based space management and CCTV system etc. This context has a significance for synthesizing various research methods and precedent researchs. As a result from analysis, criminals are generally searching for empty houses as a target of their crime when there is nobody. The characteristics of burglary-vulnerable areas are summarized by a lack of management for semi-public space, low security level like unlocked doors and windows and detached house or villa rather than apartment. The main break-in routes are unlocked windows and doors, porch, outdoor gas pipe. A security window doesn't matter for criminal because they are easily taken off by various tools. And CCTV is really not a problem for criminals because they can easily avoid from CCTV by using a cap or mask. So, we can draw some implications for burglary prevention measures based on analysis results, We need "visible burglary prevention measures" so that criminal give up crime before execution, effective prevention measures in crime-searching areas, target-hardening to cope with crime tools and making effects as if there are a couple of people in house. As a matter of CCTV, it must be improved with active and aggressive functions like alert signs, recording and keeping traces of suspects' behavior to prevent crime more effectively. In conclusion, this study suggest the factors related to crime prevention measures needed to improved.

CPTED 제도화를 위한 법령정비 방안에 관한 연구

강용길(Kang Yong Gil),박민영(Park Min Young) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2014 경찰학연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to increase the usefulness and feasibility of CPTED through consideration of relevant laws and legislation. To fulfill the goal, this study conducted analysis of the operational status of some relevant laws, and discussion about the necessary of law, law type and the legislative scheme of CPTED. Key findings of this study are following. First, in 2010 and 2013, relevant laws of CPTED went through innovative amendment in terms of the extent to which were applied and implemented. Before 2010, relevant laws regarding house construction and public place safety reflected a limited range of the CPTED theory. Since 2010, the need to crime prevention has increased and concerns about safety-as an example, NPA’s Crime Prevention Planning for the territory, city and park safety- has elevated, which in turn influenced the relevant laws. In 2013, local governments including Gyeonggi-do decided to institutionalize CPTED policies, and carried out trial operations. We confirmed the noticeable increase of financial and administrative supports during this period. We expect that policies and institutions regarding CPTED will receive more attention and show improved performance in the future. Second, we reviewed the need for enactment of laws and municipal ordinances which reflect the characteristics of the CPTED project. We conclude that national law should be enacted to establish standardized criteria for creating uniformity and balanced developments of crime prevention policies among local governments. Furthermore, municipal ordinances also should be enacted to reflect regional characteristics on the planning and processing of projects, and cooperating methods. Consequently, we suggest the form of law or ordinances need to reflect the duality of CPTED project, which are constituted by legal grounds. In addition, enacting national laws should be in a way of enacting new laws rather than amending the existing relevant laws.

HIL 물질과 EIL 물질의 두께 비에 따른 OLEDs의 특성 개선

강용길(Yong-Gil Kang),김승태(Seung-Tae Kim),신종열(Jong-Yeol Shin),이종용(Jong-Yong Lee),박희두(Hee-Doo Park),홍진웅(Jin-Woong Hong) 대한전기학회 2013 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.7

방범용 CCTV의 범죄예방효과에 관한 연구 : 감시범위 및 운용기관별 효과성을 중심으로

강용길(Kang, Yonggil),염윤호(Yeom, Yunho) 한국셉테드학회 2020 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.11 No.2

연구목적은 방범용 CCTV의 감시 범위과 운용기간을 중심으로 절도와 폭력범죄예방효과를 실증적으로 검증하여, CCTV 설치와 관리의 효율성 및 범죄예방효과를 증진시키고자 한다. 연구방법은 첫째, 최근 CCTV의 범죄예방효과성에 대한 국내·외 선행연구들을 수집하여 정리하고, 둘째, 연구대상지역 방범용 CCTV 운용기간별(1년~3년), 감시범위별로 절도와 폭력의 설치 전·후 발생건수를 실험구역과 통제구역 간 비교를 통해 Odds Ratio값을 산출하여 범죄예방효과여부를 검증하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 대상지역의 방범용 CCTV 절도예방효과는 감시범위가 좁을수록 절도 예방효과가 높고, 운용기간으로는 1년차보다 2년, 3년이 경과한 후에 예방효과가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 연구대상지역별 CCTV 절도예방효과 비교·분석결과, 공통 결과는 100m와 125m 감시범위에서 운용기간 2년차에 가장 예방효과가 높았으며, 상이한 결과는 두 지역 간 감시범위별, 운용기간별, 전체 CCTV 통합효과에서 K구는 효과가 없었으나, G구는 효과가 있었다는 점에서 지역별 특성이 절도폭력예방효과에 영향을 미친다는 사실을 추정할 수 있다. 셋째, CCTV 폭력예방효과는 감시구간별로는 예방효과가 있으나 높지 않다. 운용기간별로는 설치 1년과 2년차에서 유사한 수준의 예방효과가 있으나, 3년차에는 예방효과가 없거나 대폭 낮아졌다. 넷째, K구와 G구는 공통적으로 모든 감시범위에서 폭력예방효과가 있고, 감시범위가 좁을수록 예방효과가 높다. 또한 운용기간별로는 1년과 2년차에 폭력예방효과가 있다. 상이한 결과는 G구의 감시범위별 예방효과의 수준이 K구보다 전반적으로 높으며, 감시범위별 폭력예방효과에서 상반된 결과를 보인다. 역시 폭력예방효과에서도 지역별 특성이 폭력예방효과에 영향을 미친다고 추정할 수 있다. The purpose of the research is to empirically verify the effectiveness of theft and violent crime prevention based on the scope of surveillance and operation period of CCTVs for crime prevention. The research method first collected and organized prior domestic and foreign studies on the effectiveness of crime prevention of CCTVs, and secondly, Odds Ratio value was verified by comparing the number of cases before and after theft and violence between the experimental and control zones by the period of operation of CCTVs (1 year to 3 years) and the scope of surveillance in the target areas. The results of the study showed that the narrower the surveillance range, the higher the prevention effect of theft, and the higher the prevention effect after two and three years of operation. Second, as a result of comparing and analyzing the effects of prevention of theft of CCTVs in each studied area, it can be estimated that the common results were the most preventative effect in the second year of operation, and the different results were that K-gu did not work in the integrated effects of surveillance range, period of operation, and overall CCTV between the two regions, but the characteristics of G-gu affected the prevention of theft. Third, CCTV violence prevention effect has a preventive effect by surveillance section, but it is not high. By period of operation, there is a similar level of prevention effect in the first and second years of installation, but there is no or has been significantly reduced in the third year. Fourth, K-gu and G-gu have violence prevention effects in all surveillance ranges in common, and the narrower the range, the higher the prevention effect. In addition, there is an effect of preventing violence in the first and second years of operation. Different results show that the level of preventive effects by monitoring range of G district is generally higher than that of K district, and that the opposite results are shown in the prevention of violence by surveillance range. In addition, it can be estimated that regional characteristics affect the prevention of violence.

Change in the Measured Value at ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP Administration before and after Bone Density Measurement using the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

강용길(Yong Gil Kang),원도연(Do Yeon Won),정홍문(Hong Moon Jung) 한국방사선학회 2017 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.1

최근 동위원소를 이용한 뼈 스캔 (Bone Scan)검사 후 골밀도 (BMD; Bone Mineral Density)검사를 당일검사로 병행한 경우 이로 인한 골밀도 측정값에 오차 발생 가능성이 제기되고 있으나 방사성의약품 표지화합물 투여 후 이중에너지 X선을 이용한 골밀도 측정값 변화에 대한 임상적 자료가 미비하여 핵의학 체내검사 후 당일 골다공증 검사의 측정값에 대한 논란의 소지가 있다. 따라서 동위원소 표지화합물인 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP가 골밀도 측정값에 영향을 미치는지 임상적 측면에서 실험하였다. 실험에 참가한 대상자의 평균 나이는 35.17±9.45세로 실험 대상자 17명 중 대사성 질환과 골밀도 측정에 영향을 줄 수 있는 허리뼈 압박골절 및 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 골절이 있는 자를 제외한 12명 중 정상 골밀도 T-scores〉-1.0의 환자 6명을 대상으로 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP 투여 전·후 측정값을 분석한 결과 허리뼈에서 전·후 각각 평균 0.975±0.084 g/㎠, 0.966±0.078 g/㎠으로 0.009 g/㎠ 증가, 우측 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈에서는 전·후 각각 평균 0.909±0.078 g/㎠, 0.913±0.086 g/㎠으로 0.004 g/㎠ 감소, 좌측 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈에서는 각각 평균 0.887±0.099 g/㎠, 0.881±0.103 g/㎠으로 0.007g/㎠의 증가를 보여 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 보다 허리뼈에서 더 큰 골밀도 변화를 보여주었다. 그러나 허리뼈와 몸쪽 넓적다리뼈 전체에서 전·후 변화 평균은 0.0038±0.014 g/㎠으로 골밀도 측정값에 유의한 영향이 없음을 알 수 있으며, 또한 두 실험간 전체 상관계수는 0.987으로 방사성동위원소 표지화합물인 ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP 투여가 골밀도 측정값에 영향을 주지 않았다. 따라서 140 keV의 감마선 에너지를 방출하는 테크네슘 표지화합물을 이용한 뼈 스캔검사 후 골밀도 측정값에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 그러나 핵의학적 체내검사와 골다공증 검사를 당일로 검사함으로 인한 환자의 피폭을 고려한다면 시간 간격을 두고 검사를 시행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. Measurement of bone marrow measurements may occur if bone marrow examination performed with bone marrow examination (bone marrow examination) and bone density (bone scan) are performed together recently. Thus, it was examined in clinical aspects that ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP compounds were affected by bone mineral density measurements. The average age of the participants in the experiment was 35.17±9.45 and the patient fractures of the lumbar vertebrae that could affect the metabolic disease and bone density measurements affecting the metabolic disease of the 17 subjects. 6 patients with normal bone mineral density T-scores>-1.0 in 12 patients were analyzed before and after the administration of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP. In the lumbar spine, the average of 0.975±0.084 g/㎠ and 0.966±0.078 g/㎠ were increased by 0.009 g/㎠. respectively In the right proximal femur, mean values were 0.909±0.078 g/㎠ and 0.913±0.086 g/㎠. In the right proximal thigh, mean values were 0.909±0.078 g/㎠ and 0.913±0.086 g/㎠, respectively, which decreased by 0.004 g/㎠. In the left side proximal femur, mean 0.887±0.099 g/㎠ and 0.881±0.103 g/㎠, respectively, increased by 0.007 g/㎠. Therefore, the BMD changes in the lumbar region were larger than that in the proximal thigh. In addition, ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MDP did not affect the BMD. And a bone scan test using a technetium-labeled compound emitting a gamma-ray energy of 140 keV did not significantly affect bone density measurements. However, if the nuclear medical examination and the osteoporosis test are to be performed together, the examination should be carried out at intervals considering the exposures of the patient.

도시공원의 안전성 평가에 관한 연구

강용길(Yonggil Kang) 한국셉테드학회 2011 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.2 No.1

최근 도시공원에 대한 시민과 지방자치단체 그리고 중앙정부의 관심이 높아지면서 공원의 숫자와 면적이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 도시공원의 주요 기능은 위락성, 쾌적성, 환경보전성 그리고 안전성 등이 있다. 특히 공원은 지역의 범죄발생과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 사실이 많은 연구를 통해 입증되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 시민의 이용빈도가 높은 도시지역의 대규모 근린공원 이용시설의 범죄위험도를 평가하기 위한 CPTED 원리에 기반한 평가지표를 개발하여 수도권에 위치한 3개의 도시지역권 근린공원 이용시설의 범죄위험도를 평가하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 범죄안전기능을 향상하기 위한 개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 공원이용시설의 범죄위험도 평가결과는 첫째, 대상공원들은 공통적으로 감시기능과 관련된 조명의 조도 및 숫자가 부족하였다. 둘째, 자연적 감시기능을 보완하기 위한 CCTV와 비상벨 등의 보안시설이 부족하여 범죄의 사전예방 및 신속한 대응에 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 공원시설의 이용규칙 및 위험장소의 접근통제를 위한 안내표지가 설치되지 않았으며 이용자의 관계형성 및 휴식을 위한 벤치는 일자형의 단순한 디자인으로 설계되어 노숙자 등에 의한 장시간의 점유가 가능하여 시민의 이용을 감소시킬 수 있는 등 시설의 유지관리가 잘 이루어지지 않음을 확인하였다. 공원이용시설의 범죄위험도를 낮추기 위해 CPTED 원리에 입각한 감시, 접근통제, 영역성의 강화, 활동의 활성화 그리고 유지관리를 각 공원의 특성에 맞게 운영관리하는 노력이 요망된다. These days, citizens, central government, and local governments have increasingly got interested in urban parks, and accordingly, the number and size of the urban parks have been steadily growing. Their main functions are usually for recreation, psychological comfort, environmental integrity, safety and so on. Noticeably, it has been revealed by many empirical studies that urban parks are closely linked with the occurrence of crimes. The purpose of this study is firstly to develop crime indicators for assessing the safety of urban parks, secondly, to evaluate the safety of urban parks of mega-cities with the indicators, which are based on CPTED principles, and finally to provide the feature improvement to improve their safety. In this study, first, it was discovered that the number and level of illumination of surveillance lights is relatively small in those areas. Secondly, it was identified that there exist practical limitations in not only crime prevention but also rapid response to crimes, because of a lack of security facilities such as CCTV and emergency alarm to complement natural surveillance. Finally, it was found that there is no sign of usage and access rules, and simply-designed benches have a possibility that they can be used as a resting place of the homeless for a long while. In conclusion, it is finally suggested that the efforts of surveillance, access control, strengthening of territories, activities and maintenance, are needed in order to reduce the risk of crimes in urban parks, based on the principles of CPTED.