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강상준,이상헌,김주용,Kang, Sang-Joon,Yi, Sang-Heon,Kim, Ju-Yong 한국제4기학회 2009 제사기학회지 Vol.23 No.2
제천 의림지는 홀로세말에 형성된 호소로서 중부 내륙지역의 수문, 기후 및 식생변천 연구를 수행하기 위한 최적의 퇴적체를 포함하고 있다. 의림지 호소 퇴적체 중 ER3-1호공에서 AMS 탄소동위원소 연대측정 자료를 수반한 퇴적상과 화분군집산출상을 검토하여 고기후와 수문환경변화를 해석하였다. ER3-1호공의 고도 307.5m~309.5m 구간은 약 1,920 yrBP~1,420 yrBP 기간에 안정한 퇴적체를 보이며, 이 상부에는 과거 약 2000년 전 후에 재동된 퇴적물이 분포한다. 본 시추공의 화분군집산출을 보면 목본화분으로 소나무속, 참나무속이 우점한 것으로 보아 현존식생과 거의 유사한 식생환경으로 추론된다. 전반적으로 천변에는 오리나무속, 물푸레나무속, 버드나무속과 같은 호습윤성 교목이 생장했으며, 호안에는 부들, 수련, 고마리 등 수서식물이 생육했던 것으로 해석된다. 문화편년으로 볼 때 의림지는 청동기~철기시대 및 고대사회 초기에 축조되었던 것으로 추정된다. 의림지 입지환경과 호저 퇴적체에서 나타나는 양상은 약 3,200 yrBP~200 yrBP 기간 동안 전반적으로 서늘하고 건조한 시기(Cool and dry period)가 우세한 환경 하에서 참나무속-소나무속-전나무속을 우점으로 하는 식생군락이 형성되었던 것으로 보인다. AMS radiocarbon dates indicated that Eurimji reservoir, located at Jecheon City, Chungbuk Province, has been formed during the late Holocene Epoch. The sedimentary sequence at bottom reveals histories in hydrology, climate conditions and past vegetation dynamics. Ages controlled sedimentological and palynological analyses on ER 3-1 Core contribute to reconstruct paleoclimate and past hydrological conditions. These analyses suggest that lower interval (307.5m~309.5m elevations) of the ER 3-1 Core was deposited in stable from 1,920 yrBP to 1,420 yrBP, but upper layer sediment above these elevations was composed of reworked sediments during the pre and post 2,000 yrBP. Pollen assemblage indicates that watershed vegetation of the Eurimji reservoir, during the period of 1,920 yrBP~1,420 yrBP, was closely comparable to modern vegetation dominated Pinus and Quercus mixed vegetation. Also, riparian including Alnus, Fraxinus and Salix were inhabited along the banks of stream, and aquatics such as Typha, Nymphaea and Persicaria flourished at shore of the reservoir. According to cultural chronicle, it infers that the Eurimji reservoir was formed from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age or the beginning of ancient society. An integrated data suggested that Quercus-Pinus-Abies mixed forest flourished under cool and dry climate conditions during 3,200 yrBP~200 yrBP.
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강상준 ( Sang Joon Kang ),한동열 ( Dong Yeoul Han ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1
속리산 국립공원 내 용바위골 지역(a.s.l. 560~640m)의 신갈나무림에서 토양에 축적된 유기탄소, 질소, 인 및 칼륨의 함량을 측정하고 또 Olson(1963)의 負지수곡선 모델을 적용하여 낙엽의 분해상수(k)와 분해시간(t)를 측정하였다. 유기탄소량은 L층 231.25 g m^(-2), F층 291.50 g m^(-2), H층 166.91 g m^(-2), 그리고 A₁층 174.51 g m^(-2)로 L층과 F층에서 높은 함량을 보였고, 질소함량 역시 L층과 F층에서 각각 17.47 mg g^(-1), 17.00 mg g^(-1)으로 많았으며, 인과 칼륨 함량은 H층과 A₁층에서 433.34 mg g^(-1), 392.74 mg g^(-1) 및 2,323.31 mg g^(-1), 2,155.57 mg g^(-1)으로 다른 토양층에 비하여 많았다. 토양 속 유기물의 분해상수는 유기탄소 k=0.3657, 질소 k=0.3319, 인 k=0.2050, 칼륨 k=0.0934이였고, 99%가 분해되는데 소요되는 시간은 유기탄소 13.94년, 질소 15.18년, 인 24.79년 그리고 칼륨 55.11년으로 순환 cycle이 없는 칼륨이 분해되는데 가장 오랜 시간이 소요되는 것으로 측정되었다. 신갈나무림에서 매년 유입되는 영양염류량과 집적층에 축적되는 영양염류량을 Turbo Pascal로 Programming한 후 신갈나무 군락의 상태를 진단해 본 결과, 임상에 유입된 유기탄소 중 87.67%인 714.84 g m^(-2), 축적된 유기탄소 중 81.62%인 1,594.62 g m^(-2)이 분해되어 유입되는 양과 분해되는 양이 거의 비슷하였다. 질소, 인 그리고 칼륨도 유입되는 영양염류량과 분해되는 영양염류량이 비슷하여 안정상태(steady state)를 유지하고 있는 군락으로 판단 되었다. The content of nutrients such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated on soil layers in Quercus mongolica forest of Mt. Songnisan National Park located at central part of Korea was measured, and then the decomposition constants and decay times of the nutrients were also calculated by the negative coefficience model(Olson, 1963). The quantities of organic carbon of L-layer, F-layer, H-layer and A₁-layer of the forest stand were 231.25 g m^(-2), 291.50 g m^(-2), 166.91 g m^(-2) and 174.51 g m^(-2), respectively. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen contained in L-layer and F-layer showed large quantity than those of other layers. The large amount of phosphorus and potassium was observed at the H-layer and A₁-layer. On the other hand, the decomposition constants(k) of soil organic matter were as follows : organic carbon (k=0.3657), nitrogen (k=0.3319), phosphorus (k=0.2050), and potassium (k=0.0934) and the decay times needed to 99% decomposition of nutrients in soil organic matter were as follows: that is, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 13.94 years, 15.18 years, 24.79 years, and 55.11 years, respectively. By the application of Turbo Pascal Program on the inftowed and outflowed nutrients to the forest stand, 87.67% (714.84 g m^(-2)) of organic carbon inflowed was decomposed and 81.62% (1,594.62 g m^(-2)) of organic carbon accumulated was decomposed. And 84.98% of nitrogen inflowed was decomposed and 70.26% of nitrogen accumulated was also decayed. 50.00% of phosphorus input and 40.31% of potassium input were decomposed, and 38.46% of phosphorus and 33.03% of potassium accumulated were also decayed, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that Quercus mongolica forest surveyed in the present study is maintaining in steady state because input and output amounts of nutrients is shown a similar pattern.
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설악산 식물군락 유기물층의 화분 (花粉) 분석학적 연구
강상준(Sang Joon Kang),장익상(Ik Sang Chang),이창석(Chang Seok Lee) 한국식물학회 1987 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.30 No.4
A pollen analytical study was carried out on the accumulated humus samples collected from 27 sites under the different plant communities of Mt. Seolag. These pollen spectra were then compared with the actual vegetation. The aboreal pollen(AP) and non-aboreal pollen(NAP) were 1 Family 25 Genus and 5 Family 5 Genus, respectively. Among the aboreal pollen identified, the pollen of Pinus, Quercus, Betula and Acer were appeared in abundance and the coniferous pollen of Pinus was occupied at least 20%-65% through all the sites studied. The pollens of Abies, Betula, Acer, Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Styrax, Prunus and Ericaceae were in accordance with the present vegetation but the other pollens were inconsistent with the actual vegetation. It suggests that it was caused by the differences of vertical transport, production, dispersion of pollens, and others. The altitudinal difference between Wehscolag and Namseolag of subalpine zone in Mt. Seolag was 200 m by pollen spectra. Quercus was distributed at the lower part of Namseolag and the subalpine boreal elements were increased with increasing altitudes. The pollen spectra of each site was put together into 5 groups of pollen assemblage by cluster analysis and the community coefficient (CC) was over 60% between all sites studied.
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강상준 (Sang Joon Kang) 한국식물학회 1971 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.14 No.3
The effects of irregular burning of vegetation by man were studied in relation to composition and productivity in a non-agricultural montane grassland in the Chongsun area, Kangwon-Do, Korea. The floristic composition in all study area includes 38 species. Three of the stations are dominated by Arundinella hirta and one is dominated by Miscanthus sinensis. The standing crop of the first station, which was fired in early spring, 1970, was 358.7g/㎡ to 497.5g/㎡; that of the second station, fired in late 1969 was 351. 5g/㎡; the third station, fired sometime in 1968, had a standing crop of 314.5g/㎡ to 397.1g/㎡; the fourth station, having had no recent fires, had a standing crop of 370.Og/㎡ to 448.Og/㎡. The daily productivity shows a maximum of 6.03g/㎡ in the first station, and a minimum of 0.85g/㎡ in the fourth station. The productivity of grassland in the study area is at a maximum during July and August because of much precipitation, and decreases rapidly in the months to follow. The productive structure of the first and fourth stations is shown in Fig. 2 and 3. At the first station the maximum height attained by the plants was 180cm. In the height range of 50cm to 100cm there was a maximum of assimilative organs (5.6g/0.25㎡×10㎝), while in the height range below 50㎝ there was a maximum of non-assimilative organs (13.0g/0.25㎡×10㎝). At the fourth station, which has not been fired recently, the maximum height reached by the plants was commonly below 100㎝. The assimilative organs showed a maximum abundance in the height range of 40㎝ to 50㎝ (4.5g/0.25㎡ × 10㎝). while the non-assimilative organs showed their greatest abundance in the height range below 10㎝(6.0g/0.25㎡ × 10㎝). There was a direct relationship between daily productivity and organic matter, available phosphorous, exchangeable calcium and potassium. It appears that the nutrients provided by the ash created in the firing of the study can be an important factor in the productivity of these grasslands.
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자동차 매연중의 미량금속이 토양 및 식물체에 미치는 영향
강상준(Sang Joon Kang),최혜숙(Hae Sook Choi) 한국식물학회 1972 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.15 No.3
This report deals with lead and zinc contamination of roadside soil and plants caused by motor vehicles as a function of distance from the road edge. The concentrations of Pb and Zn in roadside soil and plant samples from several locations decrease regularly with increasing distance from traffic. Soil samples up to 24m distance from the road edge are contaminated with more than 12.99 ppm lead, and 13.40 ppm zinc. The decrease in Pb and Zn contamination with increasing distance from the road is characteristically curvilinear; the relative coefficiency of Pb and Zn with distance is -0.69, -0.48, respectively. The average contents of Pb and Zn in plants are 21.5 ppm and 30.00 ppm. It is suggested that the contamination is related to the composition of gasoline, motor oil and to roadside of the residues of this metals.
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대암산 고층습원의 (高層濕原) 생태학적 연구 ( 제2보 ) - 식물양락과 토양과의 관계
강상준 (Sang Joon Kang) 한국식물학회 1970 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.13 No.3
In the moor of Mt. Dae-am, the following communities are seen in successive order rainging from the north to the south; the Sanguisorba Argutipens-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens-Sphagnum community, the Sphagnum cymbifolium-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sphagnum cymbifolium -Drosera rotundifolia community, the Calamagrostis Langsdorfii-Sanguisorba Argutipens community and the Calamagrostis Langsdorfii-Ottelia alismoides community. The properties of the peats vary according to the community type, that is, nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K and Mg in the soil tend to decrease as the plant communities shift from the north to the south. The pH range for eleven stations samples was 3.9 to 5.7, and the meadian is 4.6. The content of exchangeable Ca decreases from station to station successively towards the center which is poor in calcium. Presumably there appears to be a clear correlation of Sphagnum cymbifolium with the amount of exchangeable Ca and value of pH produced in bogs by the breakdown of organic residures. The nutrient content of the representative plants of the moor shows no definite relation with the station of their habitats.
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