일부(一部) 농촌주민(農村住民)들의 흡연(吸煙)에 관(關)한 조사(調査)

강복수,이성관,Kang, Pock-Soo,Lee, Sung-Kwan 대한예방의학회 1980 예방의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

농촌주민(農村住民)들의 흡연실태(吸煙實態)와 흡연(吸煙)이 혈압(血壓) 및 질병(疾病)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하기 위하여 1978년(年) 3월(月)부터 1979년(年) 2월(月)까지 12개월간(個月間) 경북(慶北) 경산군(慶山郡)의 30세(歲) 이상(以上) 주민(住民) 1,504명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)한 성적(成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자(對象者) 총(總) 1,504명(名)에 대한 흡연인구(吸煙人口)는 785명(名)으로 52.2%였으며, 남여(男女) 각각(各各) 84.8% 및 30.7%의 흡연율(吸煙率)을 나타내었다. 2. 교육정도(敎育程度)와 흡연율(吸煙率)과의 사이에는 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었으며 종교(宗敎)와의 관계(關係)에서는 기독교신자(基督敎信者)가 타종교군(他宗敎群)에 비하여 흡연율(吸煙率)이 현저히 낮았다. 3. 끽연(喫煙) 개시연령(開始年齡) 관찰(觀察)에서 남자(男子)는 66.4%, 여자(女子)는16.9%에 달하는 흡연자(吸煙者)가 19세(歲) 이전(以前)에 담배를 피우기 시작한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 남자(男子)는 1일 평균(平均) 흡연량(吸煙量)이 20개피 내외가 45.8%로 여자(女子)는 10개피 내외가 24.1%로 그 빈도(頻度)가 제일 높았다. 5. 음주(飮酒)와 끽연(喫煙)과의 관계(關係)에서 남여(男女) 각각(各各) 음주자(飮酒者)의 90.7% 및 60.1%에 해당하는 사람이 흡연(吸煙)을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 신체(身體)에 이상증상(異常症狀)을 호소하는 예(例)가 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 비흡연군(非吸煙群)보다 높았으며 주소별(主訴別)로는 각담, 기침 및 호흡인난(呼吸因難)을 호소하는 빈도(頻度)가 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 현저히 고율(高率)로 나타났다. 7. 흡연(吸煙)과 질병(疾病)과의 관계(關係)에서 남여(男女) 모두 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 질병(疾病) 이환율(罹患率)이 높았다. 특히 만성(慢性) 폐쇄성 호흡기질환(呼吸器疾患)의 경우 흡연군(吸煙群)에서 현저히 고율(高率)로 나타났다. 8. 수축기(收縮期) 고혈압(高血壓)(>160mmHg)과 확장기(擴張期) 고혈압(高血壓)(>100mmHg)에서는 끽연군(喫煙群)이 비끽연군(非喫煙群)보다 고혈압(高血壓) 발생빈도(發生頻度)가 현저하게 높았다. The present study was conducted to investigate smoking status and the relationship of smoking to hypertension and diseases on 1,504 subjects who were over 30-year-old age in Kyungsan Gun, Kyungpook province, during the period of 12 months from March 1978 to February 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Of 1,504 subjects, 52.2 percent smoked. The percentage of males smoking showed 84.8 and the percentage of females was 30.7. There were no statistically significant differences between the rate of smoking and educational levels. Protestants demonstrated lower rates of smoking compared with other groups. Regarding the age started to smoke, 66.4 precent of male smokers and 16.9 percent of female smokers commenced smoking before the age of 19. In the regard to the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, 45.8 percent of male smokers consumed some 20 cigarettes and 24.1 percent of female smokers consumed some 10 cigarettes. 3.2 percent of male smellers smoked 40 or more cigarettes a day. Alcohol consumption was closely associated with smoking. 90.7 percent of male alcohol drinkers and 60.1 percent of female drinkers smoked. Cigarette smokers have higher rates of ailments than nonsmokers as a whole. The complaints of cough with sputum and shortness of breath revealed higher rates among smokers than among nonsmokers. Frequency of illnesses showed higher for smokers than for nonsmokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from chronic obstructive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Abnormal systolic blood pressure (>160mmHg) and diastolic (>100) revealed significantly higher among smokers than among nonsmokers.

일부(一部) 섬유업체(纖維業體) 근로자(勤勞者)들의 산업재해(産業災害)에 관(關)한 조사(調査)

강복수,Kang, Pock-Soo 대한예방의학회 1981 예방의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

1980년(年) 8월(月)부터 1981년(年) 7월(月)까지 만(滿) 1년간(年間) 대구지방(大邱地方)의 15개(個) 섬유업체(纖維業體)의 산업재해(産業災害)의 전향성(前向性) 조사성적(調査成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 년간(年間) 재해(災害) 발생률(發生率)은 3.3%이며, 남자(男子) 6.7%, 여자(女子) 2%로써 남자(男子)에서 다발(多發)하였고 업체규모(業體規模)가 클수록 그율(率)은 낮은 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 2. 상해자(傷害者)들의 연령별(年齡別) 분포(分布)는 19재(才)미만군이 49.3%로 제일 높았으나, 연령별(年齡別) 특수(特殊) 발생률(發生率)은 30재(才) 이상군(以上群)이 4.7%이며, 19세미만군은 4.3%이였다. 3. 근속년수별(勤續年數別) 발생빈도(發生頻度)는 근무경력 1년이하(年以下)인 자(者)가 57.1%로 근속년수가 짧을수록 재해발생율이 높았다. 4. 작업개시후(作業開始後) 수상시간(受傷時間) 관찰(觀察)에서 작업개시후(作業開始後) 3시간이 18.1%로서 가장 높았다. 5. 요일별(曜日別) 재해(災害) 발생빈도(發生頻度)는 월요일(月曜日)이 20.3%로 가장 높았으며 목요일(木曜日)까지 점차 감소(減少)하다가 다시 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 계절별(季節別) 발생빈도(發生頻度)는 동계(冬季)가 27.7%로 제일 높았고 월별(月別)은 1월(月)과 8월(月)이 각각(各各) 14% 및 11.8%로 높게 나타났다. 7. 재해원인별(災害原因別) 발생빈도(發生頻度)는 기계(機械)에 의(依)한 것이 39.2%로 가장 높았고, 다음이 충돌(衝突) 17.8%, 추락(墜落) 16.3%, 낙하물(落下物) 14.3% 및 수공구(手工具)의 순위(順位)였다. 8. 상해부위(傷害部位)는 상지부(上肢部)가 66.9%를 차지하였고, 수지부(手肢部)가 전체(全體)의 43.9%로 제일 빈도(頻度)가 많았다. 9. 상해종류(傷害種類)는 개방창(開放創) 35.7%로 제일 높았고, 다음이 표재성손상(表在性損傷) 좌상(挫傷) 35.1%, 염좌(捻挫) 탈구(脫臼) 골절(骨折) 15.7%의 순위(順位)였다. 10. 치료기간별(治療期間別) 분포(分布)는 $1{\sim}2$주(週)가 35.2%로 제일 높았고, 70.1%는 1개월이내(個月以內)에 치유(治癒)되었으며, 업체규모(業體規模)가 클수록 치료기간(治療期間)이 연장(延長)되는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of industrial injuries through a prospective study for a year from August 1980 to July 1981. The subjects were 15 textile industries which were selected by random sampling in Daegu. The results obtained are as follows: Anual over-all incidence rate of industrial injuries was 3.3 percent and the rate showed 6.7 percent in male and 2 percent in female. The rate showed decreasing tendency with larger scale of industries. By the age group, $15{\sim}19$ age group was the highest as 49.3 percent. Age specific incidence rate of industrial injuries revealed highest as 4.7 precent among the group the group of 30 years old and over. By the years of service, 57.1 percent of the total cases belonged to the the group less than 1 year and the rate revealed increasing tendency with shorter period of service. The highest frequency of industrial injuries was observed at the point of 3 hours after the beginning of the work in a day as 18.1 percent. Frequency of industrial injuries showed highest as 20.3 percent on Monday. Frequency of industrial injuries was highest as 27.7 percent in winter time and showed 14 percent and 11.8 percent in January and August, respectively. By the cause of injuries, machinery accidents showed the highest as 39.2 percent and followed by the accidents due to striking against object as 17.8 percent, fall of ground as 16.3 percent and hand tool as 7.2 percent. Frequency of injured parts of body was highest as 43.9 percent in fingers. The frequency was much higher in upper extremities (66.9%) than in lower extremities (17.6%). By the kind of injuries, laceration wound was highestas 35.7 percent and the next was superficial injury and contusion as 35.1 percent. By the duration of treatment, most of the cases was belonged to the group less than 1 month as 79.1 percent and the duration showed prolonging tendency with larger scale of industries.

농촌지역 여성들의 무릎 골관절염 유병률 및 관련요인

강복수,김석범,이경수,윤성호,Kang, Pock-Soo,Kim, Seok-Beom,Lee, Kyeong-Soo,Yun, Sung-Ho 대한예방의학회 2001 예방의학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : To assess the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis through proper diagnosis in a rural community and to elucidate the relevant factors of this health problem in order to develop educational methods for the prevention of female knee osteoarthritis as well to provide basic data for prospective research. Methods : Over a period of three months starting from August, 2000, 432 women over the age of 40 and living in a rural area were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method in order to investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and the related factors. The study utilized interviews and radiological examination. The criteria of knee osteoarthritis used was the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee(1995). Results : The adjusted prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among the subjects was 55.0%, and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio(OR) of knee osteoarthritis among subjects 50-59 years of age and subjects older than 60 years of age as compared to subjects 40-49 years of age were 2.43(95% CI: 1.30-4.70) and 4.40(95% CI: 2.47-7.83), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among factory workers or farmers as compared to others was 1.79(95% CI: 1.03-3.12). The OR of knee osteoarthritis among subjects who had a family history and subjects who had knee injury or surgical history against those subjects had neither were 2.56(95% CI: 1.42-4.03) and 4.70(95% CI:1.45-15.19), respectively. The OR of knee osteoarthritis among smokers against non smokers was 0.47(95% CI: 0.22-0.97). Conclusions : Related factors of knee osteoarthritis included age, occupation, family history, smoking, knee injury and history of surgery In order to prevent knee osteoarthritis in high risked rural woman, education concerning self-care methods and safety guideline must be provided at the work place by the public and private health sectors. Additionally, these women should be continually encouraged to exercise, including jogging and swimming regularly.

BCG의 결핵예방(結核豫防) 효과에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

강복수,이성관,Kang, Pock-Soo,Lee, Sung-Kwan 대한예방의학회 1982 예방의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

1975년(年)부터 1980년(年)까지 6년간(年間) 대구시내(大邱市內) 3개(個) 종합병원(綜合病院)에 입원(入院)되어 결핵(結核)으로 확진(確診)된 14세이하(歲以下) 환자(患者) 416중(中) BCG접종여부(接種與否)가 명확(明確)한 314명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 대조군(對照群)의 성별(性別), 년령별(年齡別) BCG접종율(接種率)을 기준(基準)삼아 BCG효과를 평가(評價)한 결과(結果) 그 성적(成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 총(總) 314명(名)의 결핵환자(結核患者)에 대하여 BCG의 결핵방지효과를 평가(評價)한 결과(結果) BCG비접종군(非接種群)이 접종군(接種群)에 비하여 결핵(結核)에 걸릴 위험도(危險度)가 3.5배(倍)나 높았으며, BCG의 발병방지효과는 71.8%로 나타났다. 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎)의 경우 BCG비접종군(非接種群)이 접종군(接種群)보다 비교위험도(比較危險度)가 3.9배(倍) 높으며, BCG효과면에서는 74.3%의 발병방지효과를 나타내었다. 여아군(女兒群)이 남아군(男兒群)에 비하여 BCG효과가 높음을 인정(認定)할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 조립결핵(粟粒結核)을 동반(同伴)한 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎)의 경우 비교위험도(比較危驗度)는 6.9이었으며 BCG효과는 85.6%로 나타났다. 폐결핵(肺結核)을 동반(同伴)한 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎)의 경우 비교위험도(比較危驗度)는 7.4이였으며 발병방지효과는 86.5%로 나타났고, 남아군(男兒群)이 여아군(女兒群)보다 그 효과가 현저(顯著)히 높았다(p<0.05). 조립결핵(粟粒結核)의 경우 비교위험도(比較危驗度)는 2.1이며 발병방지효과는 51.9%였으며, 폐결핵(肺結核)의 경우는 각각(各各) 2.2 및 54.7%로 나타났다. 폐결핵(肺結核)을 제외한 전결핵(全結核)의 경우 비교위험도(比較危驗度)는 4.1, BCG효과는 75.3%로 나타났으며,폐결핵(肺結核)에 비하여 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎) 및 타결핵(他結核)을 동반(同伴)한 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎)에서 발병방지효과가 현저(顯著)하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상을 종합(綜合)하면 BCG효과에 부정적(否定的)인 역할(投割)을 할 여러가지 방해요인(妨害要因)이 있음에도 불구하고 질적(質的)으로 중증(重症)인 결핵성뇌막염(結核性腦膜炎)에서는 거의 80%의 예방력(豫防力), 조립결핵(粟粒結核) 및 폐결핵(肺結核)에서는 약 50%의 발병방지효과를 관찰(觀察)할 수 있었다. 따라서 결핵관리사업(結核管理事業)으로 BCG접종(接種)의 권장(勸奬)이 계속(繼續) 요망(要望)된다. In Korea BCG vaccination has been employed as the main control measure for tuberculosis since 1962. Recently, the protective efficacy of BCG against tuberculosis has been controversial worldwide. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BCG in Korea which has a high prevalence of tuberculosis(2.5%). The study subjects were children under the age of 14 years who were hospitalized and diagnosed as tuberculosis in three general hospitals in Taegu City during last 6 years ($1975{\sim}1980$). Among 416 hospitalized tuberculous patients, 314 cases were confirmed as to the presence or absence of the BCG scar. A control group was selected from the same hospital patients of the same period as the cases. The control group was other than tuberculous patients whose distribution of age, sex and residence were the same as the cases. The results obtained are as follows: For all forms of tuberculosis, the relative risk and the protective efficacy of BCG were 3.5 and 71.8%. The efficacy was higher among female than among male (78.6% vs. 65.8%). The efficacy was higher among the one year and above than among less than 1 year of age. For tuberculous meningitis, the relative risk and the protective efficacy of BCG were 3.9 and 74.3 %. The efficacy was statistically significantly higher among female than among male (p<0.05). The relative risk and the protective efficacyt of BCG for uberculous meningitis combined with miliary tuberculosis and combined with pulmonary tuberculosis represented 6.9, 85.6%, and 7.4, 86.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the relative risk and the protective efficacy of BCG for miliary tuberculosis were 2.1 and 51.6%, and for pulmonary tuberculosis, 2.3 and 54.7%, respectively. From these results, it appears that BCG vaccination is an efficient preventive measure in Korea where tubercluosis is prevalent. Thus the routine BCG vaccination should be continued.

우리나라 공공보건의료 발전방안

강복수(Pock-Soo Kang) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2000 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.25 No.2

전향적 연구에 의한 Helicobacter pylori 재감염률 및 관련요인

강복수(Pock-Soo Kang),이경수(Kyeong-Soo Lee),김창윤(Chang-Yoon Kim) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2003 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.28 No.1

국내 의과대학 의학교육학교실 운영 실태

강복수(Pock Soo Kang),김동석(Dong Suk Kim),이광윤(Kwang Youn Lee),황태윤(Tae Yoon Hwang),방재범(Jae Beum Bang) 한국의학교육학회 2006 Korean journal of medical education Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the operating status of existing medical education management units in medical colleges and to define the roles of these units to provide basic information to medical schoolsc ontemplating to establish similar management units. Methods: A structured questionnaire survey was conducted via mail. The survey 41 medical colleges across the nation and was done during September 2003 and March 2005. The assessment instrument included six items assessing the organizational structure, composition, major activities, self-satisfaction with performance, administration and financial aspects and the need for further development in the medical education unit for medical colleges with a medical education management unit. There were only two items assessing demand for establishment of a medical education management unit, prerequisite conditions for establishment, the expected role of such a system for medical colleges without a medical education management unit. Results: Of 41 medical colleges, 18 had a medical education management unit as of September 2003 and 32 as of March 2005. The major activities of these 18 management units included curriculum development (26.7%), faculty development (26.7%), support for PBL (16.0%) and OSCE (12.0%). Recently, these units have become involved in enhancing clinical clerkship as well as improving teaching skills. To have a medical education-related unit run smoothly, at least two tenured faculty members majoring in education and medical education were needed. And a compensation systems was required for those professors working in the unit as a second post but without pay. Conclusion: This study underscored the importance of professional faculty members, and administrative and financial supports in having a medical education management unit meet its objectives. The role of the dean of medical college seems crucial in deciding how the unit is operated.

교수법의 향상

강복수(Pock Soo Kang) 한국의학교육학회 1995 Korean journal of medical education Vol.7 No.1

남자 고등학생의 성격과 흡연행태

강복수(Pock-Soo Kang),이미숙(Mi-Suk Lee),이경수(Kyeong-Soo Lee),황태윤(Tae-Yoon Hwang),박종서(Jong-Seo Park),이중정(Jung-Jeung Lee) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2005 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.22 No.1

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