혼합모델에 의한 GDI 분무예측의 비교

강동완,황순철,김덕줄,Kang, Dong-Wan,Hwang, Chul-Soon,Kim, Duck-Jool 대한기계학회 2003 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.27 No.12

The purpose of this study is to obtain the information about the development process of GDI spray. To acquire the characteristics of GDI spray, the computational study of hollow cone spray for high-pressure swirl injectors was performed. Several hybrid models using the modified KIVA code have been introduced and compared. WB model and LISA model were used for the primary breakup, and DDB and APTAB models were used for secondary breakup. To compare with the calculated results, the experimental results such as cross-sectional images and SMD distribution were acquired by laser Mie scattering technique and Phase Doppler Analyzer respectively. The results show that LISA+APTAB hybrid model has the best prediction for spray formation process.

Mobile Trusted Module 기반 단말에서의 안전한 키 백업 및 복구 방안에 대한 연구

강동완,전성익,이임영,Kang, Dong-Wan,Jun, Sung-Ik,Lee, Im-Yeoung 한국정보처리학회 2009 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.16 No.3

정보통신이 발달함에 따라서 모바일 환경은 주된 통신 환경으로 자리잡았다. 모바일 환경은 유선환경 보다 개방된 네트워크 특성으로 인하여, 서비스를 이용함에 따라 사용자의 개인정보에 대한 스니핑이나 피싱, 불법 단말기의 사용으로 개인정보가 노출 될 수 있다. 따라서 신뢰 컴퓨팅을 표준화 하고 있는 TCG(Trusted Computing Group)는 모바일 환경의 보안을 위해 하드웨어 기반의 보안 모듈인 MTM(Mobile Trusted Module)을 제안하였다. MTM은 플랫폼에 임베디드되어 사용자 프라이버시와 플랫폼 무결성을 보호하고 물리적으로 안전하지만 강한 보안 기능을 제공하는 만큼 비밀 데이터를 다른 곳으로 이전할 때 보안적인 접근이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 TCG 보안 기술과 함께 암호키 이전 방안에 대해서 살펴보고, 키 백업과 복구를 적용한 안전한 암호키 이전 방안을 제안한다. Mobile environments are evolving the main communication environment as a develops of communication technology. In mobile environments, sensitive information can be compromised on-line, so demand for security has increased. Also, mobile devices that provide various services are in danger from malware and illegal devices, phishing and sniffing etc, and the privacy. Therefore, MTM(Mobile Trusted Module) is developed and promoted by TCG(Trusted Computing Group), which is an industry standard body to enhance the security level in the mobile computing environment. MTM protects user privacy and platform integrity, because it is embedded in the platform, and it is physically secure. However, a security approach is required when secret data is migrated elsewhere, because MTM provides strong security functions. In this paper, we analyze the TCG standard and migration method for cryptographic key, then we propose a secure migration scheme for cryptographic key using key Backup/Recovery method.

하악골(下顎骨) 한계운동내(限界運動內)에서의 저작운동(咀嚼運動)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

강동완,Kang, Dong-Wan 대한치과보철학회 1982 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The mandibular movement during mastication has been studied, however there is still much controversy, therefore the purpose of this study was to establish the fundamental data in order to provide the functional occlusion and information in prosthodontic treatment, and the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder. The author analyzed the characteristics of the border and masticatory movements using the Mandibular Kinesiograph. The value, direction, deviation angulation of the border and masticatory movements were studied on the sagittal and frontal planes in 24 male subjects age of 22-28 without orofacial problems. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The values of border movement on the sagittal plane were an average of $25.81{\pm}5.14mm$ in vertical component and $24.37{\pm}3.76mm$ in ant-post component, and the posterior terminal hinge movement, $9.31{\pm}3.62mm$ in vertical component and $7.59{\pm}2.65mm$ in ant-post. component. 2. The distribution range of the masticatory movement within the border movement was an average of $19.2{\pm}12.81%$ of maximum ant-post, values and $55.5{\pm}16.1%$ of maximum values of border movement, and the movement path, for the most part, was directed to posterior deviation and ranged from 0.98 to 12.00mm, on an average of $5.15{\pm}3.49mm$. 3. On the frontal plane, a number of left and right deviation in 24 subjects was same, however, the right deviation was an average of $2.51{\pm}1.67mm$ compared with the left deviation. 4. On the frontal plane, the point of maximum lateral deviation was an average of $49.7{\pm}11.0%$ of maximum opening values. 5. The angulation between the terminal hinge movement path and the masticatory path was an average of $24.00{\pm}4.65$.

기능중 두개골 내 관절원판의 유한요소 스트레스 분석

강동완,임승진,안광현,Kang, Dong-Wan,Lim, Seung-Jin,Ahn, Kwang-Hyun 대한턱관절교합학회 2001 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to to analyze the mechanical stress on articular disk of the dentated skull with the condition of unilateral posterior molar missing. For this study, the three dimensional finite element model of human skull scanned by means of computed tomography. (G.E. 8800 Quick, USA) was constructed. The finite element model of jaws is composed of 98,394 elements and 38,321 nodes, and it consists of articular disc, maxilla, mandible, teeth, periodontal ligament and cranium. Boundary condition included rigid restraints at the first molar and endosteal cortical surfaces of the insertion points of temporal bone. The data derived from Nelson's study were used for the loading conditions of mandible during clenchings and for maxilla, new loading and constraint conditions were applied. A clenching task during intercuspal position was modeled to the three dimensional finite element model. The stress level and displacement of articualr disc on the model with unilateral posterior molar missing under bilateral clenching task can be analyzed. During bilateral clenchings, the compressive stress level and diplacement of the articular disk on the side of unilateral posterior molar missing is greater than that on the case with full dentition, whereas a higher stress was found on the disk on the balancing side of the full dentition. Although this kind of study is not enough to explain the role of occlusion as an etiologic factor of TMD, there may be a possibiliy that the condition of posterior molar missings may contribute in part to the TMJ biomechanics.

수학적 모델 및 퍼지 추론에 의한 고도 활성슬러지 공정의 통합 평가

강동완,김효수,김예진,최수정,차재환,김창원,Kang, Dong-Wan,Kim, Hyo-Su,Kim, Ye-Jin,Choi, Su-Jung,Cha, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Chan-Won 대한환경공학회 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.1

현재 강화된 방류수 수질 기준에 발맞춰 질소 인 제거를 포함한 고도처리 공정을 건설 중이거나 기존 표준활성슬러지 공정에서 고도처리공정으로의 개선이 추진되어지고 있다. 그러나 다양한 고도처리공정의 적용을 검토함에 있어 제거 효율 측면에서의 단순 평가만이 사용되고 있다. 따라서 고도처리공정 적용 시 제거 효율 뿐 아니라 슬러지 생산, 포기 비용 등을 복합적으로 평가할 수 있는 방법이 필요하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 표준활성슬러지 공정으로 운영 중인 S 하수처리장을 Biological nutrient removal(BNR) 공정으로 개선할 경우를 가정한 대안 공정 평가 방법을 제안하였다. 시간적, 비용적 장점을 가지며 객관적인 평가 기준으로 대두되고 있는 수학적 모델을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 대안 공정으로 선정된 Anaerobic/anoxic/oxic ($A^2$/O), Virginia initiative plant (VIP), Daewoo nutrient removal (DNR) 공정에 대해 평가하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로 공정의 처리 성능 뿐 아니라 슬러지 생산량 및 에너지 효율을 포함한 5가지 성능 지수들을 적용함으로써 개별 항목간의 비교 평가가 가능하였으며, 최적 공정을 제시하기 위한 객관적 판단과정을 퍼지 추론을 통하여 구현하였다. At present, the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is being constructing to keep pace with the reinforced standard of effluent quality and the traditional activated sludge process of preexistence is being promoting to retrofit. At the most case of retrofitting, processes are subjected to be under consideration as alternative BNR process for retrofitting. However, process evaluation methods are restricted to compare only treatment efficiency. Therefore, when BNR process apply, process evaluation was needed various method for treatment efficiency as well as sludge production and aeration cost, and all. In this study, the evaluation method of alternative process was suggested for the case for retrofitting S wastewater treatment plant which has been operated the standard activated sludge process. Three BNR processes for evaluation of proper alternatative process were selected and evaluated with suggested method. The selected $A^2$/O, VIP and DNR processes were evaluated using the mathematical model which is time and cost effective as well as gathered objective evaluation criteria. The evaluation between 5 individual criteria was possible including sludge production and energy efficiency as well as treatment performance. The objective final decision method for selection of optimal process was established through the fuzzy inference.

거푸집 공사의 생산성 분석을 통한 작업조 기반의 Cost Data Prototype 개발에 관한 연구

강동완,지성민,현창택,Kang, Dong-Wan,Ji, Soung-Min,Hyun, Chang-Taek 한국건설관리학회 2012 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

합리적인 방법에 의해 결정된 건설 공사비를 포함하여 계약을 체결하는 것은 공공 건설공사의 사업비 관리 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 국내에서는 건설 공사비를 산정하는 기준으로 표준품셈이 사용되고 있지만, 표준품셈에서 제시하는 품의 적정성에 대해서 문제가 제기되고 있으며, 현장의 자원 투입량과 품셈에서 제시하는 자원 투입량의 차이로 합리적이고 효율적인 공사비를 산정하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 건설 공사비를 합리적으로 산정하기 위하여, 공동주택 거푸집 공사의 생산성 분석을 통한 작업조 기반의 Cost Data Prototype을 제시하였다. 특히, CYCLONE 모델은 민감도 분석을 통해 최적의 작업인원을 제시하는 모델이므로, 거푸집 공사의 다양한 작업공간과 작업인원을 대상으로 생산성을 분석할 수 있는 도구로 활용이 가능하다. 그리고 개발된 회귀식은 거푸집 공사의 작업인원을 독립변수로 하여, 필요한 작업량을 종속변수로 예측하는데 활용이 가능할 것이다. In the cost management of public construction projects, it is an important issue to develop an adequate cost data for estimating the predetermined amount by various methods. For a long time, a standard of estimation in korea is used as a basis for estimating the predetermined amount of public construction. However, they did not have a reasonable cost data based on a labor and equipment productivity analysis. For this reason, it is difficult to make a reasonable and efficient estimation of the costs, and this situation presents an urgent need for more accurate cost data to use in an early phase. This study analyzed the productivity of form work by the CYCLONE model, and presented the model on the number of optimal labor through sensitivity analysis. This CYCLONE model can be useful in analyzing productivity on the various sizes of form. Also, the regression model to estimate the daily output can be used in predicting the amount of labor. Considering the work duration in the regression model is expected to make the daily output estimation much more accurate.

B-splint법에 의한 순간 회전 중심로 결정과 하악운동에 관한 연구

강동완,계기성,Kang, Dong-Wan,Kay, Kee-Sung 대한치과보철학회 1989 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Recently the instantaneous center concept has been to understand the biomechanics by which a tissue derangement causes a mechanical derangement in human joint. Therefore, to understand the biomechanics of temporomandibular joint (T.M.J.) as a part of human joint, it is necessary to clarify the instantaneous center of rotation (I.C.R.) in the mandibular movement. Twenty male subjects without T.M.J. disorder and mandibular deviation during the mandibular movement were selected for this study. The habitual opening and closing paths were recorded on the paper of the sagittal metal plate by two pencil markers connected to the resin open clutch attached on the lower teeth, which was designed for this study. The coordinates of the 33-target points and the 109-anatomical landmarks were obtained using a Summagraphic digitizer connected to a 18AT computer. The original raw data of the opening and closing paths were smoothed by B-spline curve fitting technique and then the I.C.R. pathways were determined mathematically by the computer using algorithm for finding the I.C.R. of a planer rigid body model. Also the opening and closing movements of the mandible were simulated according to the determined I.C.R. The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1. At the early opening and the last closing, I.C.R's were almost distributed around the mastoid process outside the mandibular body without the presence in the region of the mandibular condyle. 2. The I.C.R. pathway showed variable patterns to each subject at the opening and closing movements. 3. The K constant with uniform pattern was obtained by the rotation angle times the radius, which was assumed to the index of the mandibular movement. 4. The opening and closing movements of the mandible were simulated by the I.C.R. pathways at the habitual opening and closing movements. 5. The mandibular condyle was rotated or translated accordng to the relative rotation angle and radius of the determinant factors of K contant.

북한이탈주민 지역적응센터 역할 및 개선방안

강동완(Kang, Dong Wan),임성옥(Lim Sung Ok) 한국정치정보학회 2017 정치정보연구 Vol.20 No.2

국내에 입국한 북한이탈주민은 정부의 합동심문을 받고 이후 하나원에 입소하여 3개월간 적응교육을 받는다. 하나원 과정을 수료하면 거주지 지역으로 전입하는데 이 때부터 지역별로 북한이탈주민 지역적응센터(하나센터)가 주관하여 지역적응을 위한 교육과 지원이 이루어진다. 하나센터는 하나원 교육을 수료하고 거주지로 편입하는 탈북민의 지역정착을 지원하는 기관으로 통일부와 해당 지자체가 지정하여 민간법인이 운영하고 있다. 하나센터는 탈북민에 대한 효율적인 업무지원과 맞춤형 상담을 위해 남북하나재단에서 파견된 전문상담사들과 함께 업무를 수행하고 있다. 하나센터 직원과 남북하나재단에서 파견된 상담사들의 동거는 때로는 각자의 업무에 대한 시너지 효과를 내는가 하면 서로 소속이 다른 두 기관의 직원들간 갈등으로 인해 ‘불편한 동거’가 되는 상황도 생겨나고 있다. 하나센터와 전문상담사 제도가 대상자인 탈북민의 안정적인 정착지원을 위한 제도로 효과성을 제고하기 위해서는 무엇보다 서비스제공자의 복지가 향상되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 글은 하나센터소속 직원과 남북하나재단 상담사 간의 갈등과 협력 상황을 진단하고 이에 대한 처방이라는 차원에서 두 조직간 구성원의 협업을 위한 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. Once entering South Korea, North Korean defectors are subjected to collective questioning in a government session, join in Hanawon, and receive adjustment education there for three months. After completing the adjustment course at Hanawon, they move in their respective areas of future residence and start to receive the education and support for their local adjustment provided by Hana Center, the local center to promote the local adjustment of North Korean defectors, in the community. Hana Center helps North Korean defectors with their local adjustment after they complete the education at Hanawon and move in the areas of their residence. Both the Ministry of Unification and the concerned local government are involved in the appointment and management of a private corporation as Hana Center. Under the goals of facilitating efficient business for North Korean defectors and providing custom counseling, Hana Center works together with professional counselors dispatched by the Korea Hana Foundation. The cohabitation of Hana Center staffs and the counselors dispatched by the Korea Hana Foundation has dual sides: it generates synergic effects for their respective affairs sometimes and creates an “uncomfortable situation” due to the conflicts between them other times. There is an utmost need to improve the welfare of service providers in order to help the cohabitation system of Hana Center and professional counselors increase its effectiveness as a system to promote the stable settlement of North Korean defectors. This study set out to diagnose the conflicts and cooperations between the Hana Center staffs and the counselors of Korea Hana Foundation and propose some plans to promote their collaboration as their prescriptions.

Fusarium oxysporum에 의한 초석잠 시들음병 발생

강동완(Dong-Wan Kang),권진혁(Jin-Hyeuk Kwon),이슬비(Seul-Bi Lee),하정석(Jeong-Seok Ha),김만배(Man-Bae Kim),조용조(Yong-Cho Cho),이상대(Sang-Dae Lee),명인식(Inn-Shik Myung) 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.1

WLAN에서 이웃 네트워크 정보를 이용한 효율적인 스캐닝 그룹 및 순서 결정 방법

강동완(Dong-Wan Kang),최재각(Jae-Kark Choi),유상조(Sang-Jo Yoo) 한국통신학회 2010 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.35 No.2