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鄭東璨(JEONG Dong-chan),尹用賢(YUN Yong-hyun),李康烈(LEE Gang-ryeol),金容萬(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.17 No.-
From our country the cart is initially confirmed from Nitan Formation of Jueuiri about 7th~8th century before era and has really been used on the Iron Age. 40 carts and 4 cart wheels has strikingly shown from 18 ancient tombs among 95 ancient mural tombs of Koguryo. The ancient tombs which have cart in ancient mural tomb are Yaksuri ancient tomb, Anak 1 ancient tomb, Anak 3 ancient tomb, Duckheungri ancient tomb, Muyong tomb, Ssangyeong tomb, Ohoebun 4 ancient tomb, Ohoebun 5 ancient tomb, Jangcheon 1 ancient tomb, Susanri ancient tomb, Yeogjeon tomb of Pyeongyang, Taeseongri 1 ancient tomb, Palcheongri ancient tomb, Gosandong 7 ancient tomb, Gamsin tomb, Gakjeo tomb, Daeanri 1 ancient tomb, and Tonggu 12 ancient tomb. The cattle and horse drew the cart in Koguryo. The horse had used for quick moving for hunting and warfare, and the cattle for drawing the cart. The nobility used horse and cart for going out, and the women used the cart. The major uses of the cart are; 1) to transport person. The cart of the ancient mural tomb of Koguryo. corresponds to here. 2) to carry burden. This kind of cart is visible in Muyong tomb and Gakjeo tomb. 3) for weapon as an applied cart, such as Chungja, Unje, Pocha. The size of the Koguryo's cart can be presumed by the size of the people which are visible in the ancient mural tomb. The mean height of the Koguryo's people can be estimated by the height of Yeanri's people of Gaya and the picture of a cattle drover in ancient mural tomb of Koguryo. The cart for male has an open-room and been pulled by cattle (Anak 3 unit) or horse (Duckheungri). The open-cart of Anak 3 has a sunshade to be high. People can see the left and right sides when they are seated on the chair. The bending chair has been set on a cartwheel and has tree plank on chair back. The cart of Duckheungri has round flower-shaped umbrella in the roof. In the case of the female cart, the palanquin which has roof on top and curtains on left and right sides has been set on cartwheel. The size of the palanquin is similar to cartwheel. The can for carrying burden such as shown in Muyong tomb has larger cartwheel (151.5㎝) than that of cart for transporting people, and has closed-room. After 5th century the Koguryo. used closed-room cart for foreign trades. The Koguryo. exported Iron and Gold to Silwi which is situated on the Hwun river. Because the Iron is heavy, trading Iron means the development of transportation tools. Koguryo, uses the cart for trading and expands its influence on me neighbor countries, and finally developed as ancient nation for the first time. It was possible by the cart-making technique and engineering technique related with road and bridge construction.
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