중국(中國)에서의 법(法)을 통한 식민통치(植民統治)

장송청 단국대학교 법학연구소 2007 법학논총 Vol.31 No.1

중국 인민조정합의의 효력에 관한 소고

장송청 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2012 성균관법학 Vol.24 No.4

隨着人民调解制度的发展,对人民调解协议效力的规定和理解发生了很大的变化。建国前多数量有关人民调解的条例等规定人民调解协议与法院生效判决有同等效力。在建国后相当长的时期内则对人民调解协议效力未作出明确规定,司法实践中通常认为对双方当事人没有约束力。2002年最高人民法院通过司法解释首次明确规定人民调解协议具有民事合同的性质。人民调解法规定人民调解协议具有法律约束力,并首先以法律形式确定了衔接人民调解与诉讼的重要制度之司法确认制度,给经当事人共同申请而由法院确认其效力的人民调解协议赋予执行力,从而提高了人民调解协议的效力。 人民调解协议系民事纠纷当事人在人民调解委员会的主待下就双方之间的纠纷,基于平等协商,通过互谅互让而达成的以平息纠纷为目的的合意。尽管人民调解委员会以说服、疏导等方式予以介入,但究其本质仍为双方当事人真实意思之合意,故人民调解协议本质性效力为和解契约之效力,对双方当事人具有约束力。但人民调解协议可依司法解认制度通过非讼程序被赋予执行力,与一般和解契约存在一定区别。综合人民调解协议通过司法解认可被赋予执行力,执行名义系法律上认定执行力的公文书等内容,就人民调解协议的效力,在和解契约之效力基础上应能进而认定其具有准公文书效力。 就有关人民调解协议效力立法存在的问题,需要尽快补充完善。在人民调解实务中要准确理解和把握人民调解协议效力,善于利用司法确认制度,赋予人民调解书以执行力,从而加强人民调解协议之效力,最终实现提高人民调解制度实效性的目的。

중국의 소액소송제도 소고

장송청 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2015 성균관법학 Vol.27 No.1

In order to improve the efficiency of the small claims judgment, reduce litigation costs, and to alleviate the contradiction of having an insufficient amount of judges between the people's courts, the amendment of the small claims system in the "Civil Procedure Act (2012)", was established for the first time. The amendment of the “Civil Procedure Act(2012)” chapter13(XIII) summary procedure, article162 is defined that the judgment of first instance shall be final if the amount of the subject matter is lower than 30 percent of the previous year’s average annual wages of workers in a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, and if “the facts are clear, the relations of rights and obligations are definite”, the adjudication of the basic people’s court or detached tribunal shall be final. After the execution of the amendment of the “Civil Procedure Act (2012), each basic people’s court works on positive levels in many ways for the small claims system. Each region of the higher people’s court strives to standardize ‘small claims system’ as the norm and standard. The higher people’s court also made definite regulations about the small claims system. For example, they enacted a guide of small claims system, made a scope of small claims applications, trial organizations, trial methods and terms of case. Moreover, in time they will promulgate the amount in controversy of small claims cases. However, because the small claims systems are not complex and do not prescribe an independent procedure, each people’s court in a civil trial has a low intensity of using the small claims system. Furthermore, it is very hard to apply this standard of the small claim’s application scope. Even if the small claims system is forced to be applied on the first trial as the final trial, it still shows a lack of usual specific procedures. Therefore, there still remain many problems of the small claims system amendment. Both the person directly involved and the judge feel burdened using the system. Yet, with the small claims system, it is still difficult to rationally separate the complicated cases and the simple civil cases, and reduce the people’s burden of a trial. Under the abundant amount of small claims trial experiences, the People’s Supreme Court legislated and proclaimed the judicial interpretation of the revised Civil Procedure Act on January 30th, 2015. The scope of small claims applications, trial methods, conversion of the proceeding, and the simplification of trial documents are concretely defined in the revised Act. The judicial interpretation of the revised civil Procedure Act has been in operation since February 4th, 2015. In the future, in order to vitalize the small claim system, trials ought to positively prosecute and standardize the system through the regulation of the revised Civil Procedure Act. 소액사건심판의 효율성을 제고하고 당사자의 소송부담을 줄이며 ‘사건의 수는 많지만 재판담당법관의 수가 적은’ 모순을 완화하기 위하여 2012년 개정민사소송법은 최초로 소액소송제도를 확립하였다. 개정민사소송법 제13장 간이절차편 중의 제162조는 기층인민법원과 그 파출법정이 심리하는 사실이 명백하고 권리의무관계가 명확하며 논쟁이 크지 아니한 간단한 민사사건으로서 소송목적의 값이 각 성, 자치구, 직할시 전년도 취업자 연평균임금의 30% 이하인 경우에는 1심종심을 실행한다고 규정하였다. 개정민사소송법 시행 이후, 각 기층인민법원은 다양한 방식을 취하여 소액소송제도의 적용을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 각 지역의 고급인민법원도 소액소송관련 지도의견 등을 제정하여 소액소송의 적용범위, 재판조직, 심리방식, 심리기한 등에 대하여 구체적인 규정을 두었고, 적시에 본 지역 소액소송사건의 소송목적의 값을 공포하여 소액소송재판업무의 규범화를 꾀하고 있다. 다만, 소액소송제도에 존재하는 법조문이 지나치게 간단하고, 독립된 절차를 규정하지 아니하였고, 소액소송의 적용범위를 획일적으로 확정하기 어려우며, 강제로 1심종심을 실행하면서도 통상적인 구체절차가 결여되어 당사자와 법관 모두 소액소송의 적용에 부담감을 느끼는 등 여러 문제점으로 말미암아 각지의 인민법원 민사재판실무에서의 소액소송의 적용률은 전반적으로 높지 아니하다. 소액소송제도의 합리적으로 복잡한 사건과 간단한 사건을 분류하고, 소액소송사건의 신속한 재판을 통하여 당사자의 소송부담을 경감한다는 목표를 실현하지 못하고 있다. 최고인민법원은 소액소송재판의 실무경험을 총괄한 기초 위에서 2015년 1월 30일에 개정민소법 사법해석을 제정, 공포하여 소액소송의 적용범위, 심리방식, 절차의 전환, 재판문서의 간소화 등에 대하여 좀 더 구체적인 해석규정을 하였다. 동 사법해석은 2015년 2월 4일부터 시행되고 있다. 향후의 소액소송재판실무에서 개정민소법 사법해석의 규정에 따른 소액소송의 규범화를 적극적으로 추진하여 소액소송의 활성화를 꾀하여야 할 것이다.

殖民地法在中國

張松靑 단국대학교 법학연구소 2007 법학논총 Vol.31 No.1

중국의 인민조정제도 개관

장송청(张,松青,) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2011 성균관법학 Vol.23 No.3

人民调解植根于「息诉止讼」的中国传统文化,是中国独创的化解矛盾、解决纠纷的诉讼外纠纷解决方式,被誉为“东方经验”。经过各个历史阶段的发展和完善,业已形成了覆盖全国城乡的人民调解网络。人民调解法的制定为推进人民调解制度的发展,充分发挥人民调解的作用,进而促进社会和谐发展将发挥重要作用。 人民调解法强调了人民调解所具有的民间性、群众性、自治性的特征和人民调解委员会作为基层群众自治组织的地位,使人民调解得以回归民间。人民调解法在总结实践经验的基础上对人民调解委员会和人民调解员,人民调解的纠纷范围和程序以及调解协议等作出了切合实际的规定。特别是对调解协议的司法确认制度作出具体的规定,使之得以制度化,并对经过人民法院确认的人民调解协议赋予强制执行的效力。这一规定无疑强化了人民调解协议的效力,将对增强人民调解的权威具有重要意义。 人民调解法存在一些模糊和不确定的内容。比如,人民调解法为加强人民调解协议的效力,规定人民调解协议具有法律约束力,但对如何界定法律约束力没有作出明确的规定。又如,人民调解法规定当事人之间就调解协议的内容发生争议时一方当事人可以向人民法院提起诉讼。尽管对该诉讼的内容等未作出明确规定,但综观立法过程和制定理由等,似乎可以作出如下解释,即一方当事人可以就原纠纷提起诉讼,法院也应针对原纠纷进行审理,对原纠纷进行彻底处理,真正实现案结事了。若如此,则可以提出对人民调解协议的法律约束力究竟为何的质疑。这些问题尚需在今后的实践和立法中加以完善。

中國의 民事保全制度에 관한 考察

장송청(張松?),이진용(李晋?),정규상(鄭圭相) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.1

中國의 國家所有權制度에 관한 考察

金容吉(김용길),張松靑(장송청) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.3S

  State ownership of China, owing to its characteristic of public interest distinguishes itself from private ownership in connotation. subject and acquisition. In reality, the government on behalf of nation exercises state ownership and pursues State ownership of public interest by managing and operating state assets. The object and subject and function of the state-owned assets operation make the process complicated and arduous. The law must protect the state ownership to avoid any infringement of the state ownership.<BR>  However, the west originated theory of property law, to the specific, the Jus Rerem which holds private property base and individualism fails to ofter a satisfactory theoretic solution to this problem. Therefore, this thesis, by introducing views of the economies, make an attempt to carry out a tentative of state ownership.

中國의 國家所有權制度에 관한 考察

김용길,장송청 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.3

A Study on the State Ownership of ChinaKim, Yong KilZhang, song qing

中国的法学教育:顯著發展及主要問題

李鳴(이명),장송청 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2006 성균관법학 Vol.18 No.3

中國의 擔保物權制度

김용길(Kim Yong Kil),장송청(Zhang Song Qing) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.1

  By enacting Chinese version of Jus Rerum, China comes to share civil law tradition with such Northeast Asian countries as Korea and Japan. It is expected that the three countries would be under reciprocal influences concerning developments of legal frames and doctrines around Jus Rerum.<BR>  Recently the Chinese government has carried out appropriate coordination between the planned economy and the market economy, in order to narrow the distinction in wealth between the wealthy and the poor. In a legal effort to achieve it, China has amended the constitution and updated the legal system, especially as for the civil law.<BR>  The Chinese Jus Rerum has been enacted by arranging the existing security law, the real property law, general provisions of the civil code and so on. This law has not really changed the contents in the existing law, however, it has tremendous influence on the national life of China. In addition to, the security system in the American law such as the floating lien system has been revolutionarily brought into the Chinese Jus Rerum.<BR>  It is not admitted in the Korean law yet. This security system may be in practical effect by establishing the notice system for the protection of the third party. After solving the matters in dispute these days, China has been more and more grown rapidly by establishing the Chinese Jus Rerum and the security system now.<BR>  Considering the change of the security system and the introduction of the Chinese Jus Rerum, we shall be provided for the law and legal system for the Global market by the rapid improvement of the civil law in dispute.