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배태웅,마영일,이상범 東亞大學校附設 農業生命科學硏究所 1999 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.8 No.1
수입뒤영벌을 대체할 수 있는 값싼 국산뒤영벌을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 1995년부터 1997년까지 3월에서 10월까지 중부지방 및 남부지방을 중심으로 뒤영벌의 분포조사 및 밀원식물을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1995년부터 1997년까지 채집한 국내종 뒤영벌의 종수는 9종으로 뒤영벌속 7종; 좀뒤영벌, 호박벌, 삽포로뒤영벌, 우수리뒤영벌, 황토색뒤영벌, 참호박뒤영벌, 참뒤영벌과 떡벌속 2종; 대륙떡벌, 떡벌이었으며 방화가 확인된 밀원은 23종과 42종이었다. 6개의 주요도시에서 뒤영벌 여왕벌의 채집두수는 bombus ardens와 bombus ignitus가 각각 416두(72.9%)와 117두(20.5%) 채집되어 우점종이었으며, 뒤영벌의 채집시기는 각각 3월 20일∼7월 19일과 4월 7∼10.8일까지였다. 여왕벌의 중부 및 남부의 채집시기는 Bombus ardens가 부산과 지리산주변지역 및 수원지방이 3월 20일경, Bombus ignitus 외 5종은 수원 4월 7일경, 소백산·월악산과 인천 영흥도 4월 20일경, 대관령·평창 5월 20일경에 채집되어 지역에 따라 발생시기가 다르나 주로 발생초기에 채집되었다. 계절발생은 뒤영벌이 첫 출현은 진달래개화시기와 일치하며 3월에서 5월까지는 주로 진달래, 산괴불주머니, 철쭉 등을 방화하고, 6월과 7월에는 동자꽃, 비비추, 모감주나무 등 자생화를, 8월과 9월에는 무궁화, 황기, 코스모스 등을 방화하였다. Collection of domestic species of Bombini was made from March to October of 1995 to 1997 on middle and south part of Korea. The results obtained are as follows. Domestic species of Bombini, which are collected from the middle and south part of Korea from March through October of 1995 to 1997, were 9 species: seven Bombus; bombus ardens, bombus ignitus, bombus hypocrita sapporoensis, bombus ussurensis, bombus consobrinus wittenburgi, bombus koreanus, bombus opulentus and two Psithyrus; Psithyrus bonemicus, Psithyrus sylvestris popovi. 416heads(72.9%) of bombus ardens and 117heads(20.5%) of bombus ignitus were collected as the dominant species of Bombini at six major different regions. It was also found that Bombini visited 42 species of 23 Families for foraging. The collection of domestic species of Bombini in 1997 was made earlier than them in 1995 and 1996. Queens of bombus ardens were collected at the beginning stage of emergence; on the 20th of March 1997 in Pusan, Suwon and chiri Mt, queens of bombus ignitus and other species on the 7th of April 1997 in Suwon, on the 20th of April 1997 in Soback·Weolak Mt. and Inchun Younghwung Do and on the 20th of May 1997 in Daekyan Ryung·Pyungchang. The emergence of queens varied with region and species. As a phenology, the first emergence of bumblebees syncronized with the first blooming of Rhododendron mucronulatum. Bumblebees foraged on the Rhododendron mucronulatum. Corydalis speciosa, R. yedoense var. poukhanens in March to May, Lychnis cognata, Hosta longipes, Koelreuteria paniculata in June through July, and Hibiscus syriacus, Astragalus membranaceus, Cosmos bipinnatus in August through september.
유약(幼若)홀몬에 관한 연구(硏究) -유사(類似) 합성유약(合成幼若)홀몬 ″R-20458″에 대한 증사효과(增絲效果)-
마영일 ( Young Il Mah ),이상풍 ( Sang Poong Lee ),홍기원 ( Ki Won Hong ),손기욱 ( Ki Uk Sohn ) 한국잠사학회 1978 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.20 No.2
곤충홀몬에 대한 연구가 시작된 이래 그 작용 계작 및 화학적 구조가 밝혀지면서 합성유약홀몬의 개발과 빈용화가 활발히 진행되었다. 그 결과 살충제로써 실용가치가 인증되는 한편 누에에 있어서는 유충기간의 연장으로 증사효과가 기대되고 있다. 현재 미국의 Zoecon사와 Stauffer사에서는 누에의 증사제로써 "Manta"와 "R-20458"을 개발하였고 "Manta"는 일본에서 이미 시판하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 "Manta"를 보조대조로 "R-20458"에 대한 증사제로써의 실용성을 비교 실험한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. "Manta"와 "R-20458"을 5령향식 후 51시간째에 경피처리하면 대조 무처리에 비해 처리구 공히 5령 경과일수가 12시간~1일이 길어졌다. 2. 화용비율에 있어서는 무처리대조와 두 공실약제간에 유의차가 없어 약해가 인정되지 않았고 두 약제간에도 차가 없었다. 3. 수견량에 있어서는 무처리대조구의 20.4kg에 비해 약제처리구는 전견중의 증가로 인하여 "Manta" 2.5ppm구는 22.2kg로 지수로 9%가 증수되었으나 "R-20458"의 경우는 5ppm구가 21.4kg로 지수로 5%, 2.5ppm구가 20.7kg, 1ppm구는 20.6kg으로 지수로 각각 1%가 증수되었다. 4. 견층비율에 있어서는 "Manta" 2.5ppm구가 25.6%로 무처리대조 24.1%에 비해 지수로 6%가 높았고 "R-20458"은 2.5ppm구가 25.0%로 지수로 4%, 1.25ppm구 및 5ppm구는 각각 24.9% 및 24.7%로 지수로 3% 및 2%가 높았다. 따라서 대1만두견사량에 있어서는 "Manta" 2.5ppm구가 15%나 증수되어 가장 높았고 "R-20458"은 5ppm구가 8%, 2.5ppm구는 5% 및 1.25ppm구는 4%가 증수되었다. Research on the hormones of insect has followed by the special opportunities and problems arising from pollution. Since then, the main frame of it has been energetically exploited by ligation, decapitation and so on. In the meanwhile, knowledge of the biochemistry of hormone action as well as other aspects of biochemistry in insects has been gradually disclosed. Since 1966, practical use of active analogs of the hormones has been also worked out as an insecticide and brought the features of it to the light. On the other hand, it is expected to afford the increase of silk productivity resulted from control of the fifth larval period by delaying normal development. With these regards, some of analogs have been tried to apply practically to the silkworm. One of them is "Manta" produced by Zoecon Chemical Company and it is presently used for the increase of silk productivity in Japan. Another one is "R-20458", not registered one, issued by Stuffer Chemical Company. It is still pending for the silkworm growth regulator. For the possibility of practical use, two chemicals are tested on the increase of silk productivity by topical application and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. It is evident that the fifth larval period was extended by topical application of the tested chemicals "Manta" and "R-20458" at the fifth instar after 51 hours of the last ecdysis, ranging from 12 hours to one day, as compared to the control. 2. In survival rates, there is no significance at 5% level between control and treatments. It proved that there was no toxity to silkworm by topical appication. 3. There is an increase of cocoon yield in both chemical treatments. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta" 2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal to 9% increase in index, as compared to that of control. In case of R-20458, the increasing rates were varied at the different concentration; 21.4kg of cocoon production with 5% increase at 5ppm, 20.9kg of it with 2% increase at 2.5ppm and 20.6kg of it with 1% increase at 1.25ppm in index, respectively, as compared with that of control. 4. Percentage of cocoon shell was increased by topical application. In case of "Manta" 2.5ppm, it is 25.6% which is equal to 6% increase in index, as compared with that of control. For "R-20458", the increasing rates of percentage of cocoon shell were varied with the different level of chemical concentration. They are 25.0% of 4% increase at 2.5ppm, 24.9% of 3% increase at 1.25ppm and 24.7% of 3% increase at 5ppm. 15% increase was attained at "Manta" 2.5ppm in the weight of cocoon layer based on cocoon yield and percentage of cocoon shell in index, as compared with that of control. The rates for "R-20458" are 5% increase at 2.5ppm and 4% increase at 1.25ppm in index.
馬永一,權寧河,李相豊 한국잠사학회 1984 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.1
Since 1966, practical use of active heavy analogs of the hormones has been also worked out as an insecticide and brought the features of it to the light as cocoon producer. On the other hand, it is expected to afford the increase of silk productivity resulted from control of the fifth larval period by delaying normal development. With these regards, some of analogs have been tried to apply practically to the silkworm for an increase of cocoon productivity. One of the synthesized juvenile hormone available is "Manina". And it is presently used for the increase of silk productivity in Korea. For the practical use, it is very essential the varietal differences in the increase of silk productivity by topical application was tested and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. It was evident that the fifth larval period was extended by topical application after 48 hrs. of the last ecdysis, ranging from 8 hrs. to one day, as compared to the control. 2. In pupal rates, there is no significance between control and treatments. It proved that there was no toxicity to silkworm by topical application in general, except Jam 120. With regards to an increase of cocoon yield in Japanese, it was resulted from 17~24% of cocoon yield from 10,000 larvae, as compared to that of control. In case of Chinese, the incrasing rates were varied from 15∼26% of cocoon yield, 17.8kg of it with 26% increase for Jam 122 and 16.7kg of it with 25% increase for Jam 118. In case of all hybrids, an increase of the cocoon yield took places from 20% to 31% and the weight of cocoon layer for the Japanese increased by 6 to 14%, those for the Chinese by 4 to 7% and those for the hybrids ranged from 21 to 29% increase. 3. Ir was recognized that the hybrid vigor rate took places with the hybrids between high responsing parents to juvenile hormones.