Rohypnol 의 혼합 마취

김완식,박동호,이기남,윤주식 대한마취과학회 1975 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.8 No.1

A new benzodiazepine derivative, Rohypnol (Ro 5-4200), was used for management of general anesthesia with nitrous oxide, narcotics and muscle relaxants to evaluate the effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory system in 35 surgical patients. In each patient, we observed the blood pressure, pulse rate, minute volume and arterial blood gas analysis and also local effects, postoperative recovery state and amnesia. The results are as follows; 1) Induction dosage of Rohypnol was not constant as other benzodiazepines. 2) Rohypnol showed a little effect an the cardiovascular system. 3) The effects of Rohypnol on the respiratory system were negligible but slight depression was seen. 4) If respiration became shallower or apnea occured during induction with Rohypnol, it was preferred to use assisted or controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen. 5) It was thought better to give oxygen through a nasal catheter for prevention of decreased PaO2 in recovery room. 6) When we used the non-depolarizing muscular relaxants instead of S.C.C. for intubation, we observed that a significantly decreased amount of relaxant was needed for maintenance of general anesthesia.

고온변형시 Alloy 718 의 동적 및 준동적 재결정 거동

나영상,김인수,박노광,손성만 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.10

Compression tests were carried out on Alloy 718 to investigate the microstructure development following dynamic recrystallization, meta-dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. Tests were performed in the temperature range of 927∼1066℃ and strain rate range of 5∼5×10^(-4)s^_(-1), with true strains up to 0.8. Dynamically recrystallized grain size decreases consistently with increasing Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z=ε exp(Q/RT)) which is function of strain rate and temperature. The extent of recrystallization increases with a decrease in Zener-Hollomon parameter due to an increase in the critical strain (ε_c) corresponding to the initiation of dynamic recrystallization. The fraction of meta-dynamically recrystallized grain, however, increases with increasing the strain rate from 0.01s^(-1) to 1s^(-1). This paper outlines the microstructural evolution of Alloy 718 during the high temperature deformation.

직접 메탄올 연료전지를 위한 anode 전극재료 개발

박경원,이설아,오인환,남석우,하홍용,임태훈,홍성안,성영은 한국공업화학회 1999 응용화학 Vol.3 No.2

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) needs better anode electrocatalysts than Pt, which suffers from self CO poisoning phenomena. The improved oxidation kinetics enabled by Pt promoters such as Ru, Sn, Mo, W or Os has been attributed to a bifunctional and/or an electronic effect. The alloy electrode materials were prepared by reduction and colloidal methods. It was generally proved that binary system such as those based on Pt, these components are much more active in promoting DMFC reactions than pure platinum catalysts. The oxidation onset on pure Pt was 0.45 V and the potentials decreased with alloying. Pt-Ru showed the lowest onset potential. However, chronoamperometry provided high stability at Pt-Mo on CO poisoning, which shows a promising candidate as DMFC anode material. The strategy of ternary or quaternary electrocatalysts, the effects of synthesis and particle sizes will be discussed.

독성미만성 갑상선종 환자에서 방사성옥소(131I) 투여후 발생하는 영구적 갑상선기능저하증

이정상,이문호,고창순,이홍규,박선양 대한핵의학회 1977 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.11 No.1

저자들은 방사성옥소투여후에 발생하는 갑상선기능저하증의 발생상황을 알아보기 위하여 1960년부터 1977년까지 서울대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과 방사성동위원소진료실에서 131I 치료를 받은 독성미만성 갑상선종환자 794명을 대상으로 단회투여군과 다회투여군, 소량투여군과 다량투여군, 그리고 연령군별 및 안구돌출유무에 따른 갑상선기능저하증의 발생빈도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 631명의 방사성옥소 단회투여군에서는 갑상선기능저하증의 발생빈도가 치료후 1년에 7.4%, 2년에 11.8%, 3년에 16.2%, 4년에 22.1% 그리고 5년에는 25.5%였으며, 163명의 다회투여군에서는 1년에 8.6%, 2년에 10.4%, 3년에 13.3%, 4년에 29.1% 및 5년에는 54.1%로 양군에서 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으며 4년 이후에는 다량투여군에서 그 발생빈도가 급격히 증가하였다. 2) 5mCi 이하의 131I를 1회만 투여받아 평균 4.3±0.6mCi의 131I 치료를 받은 550명의 소량투여군에서의 갑상선기능저하증의 발생빈도는 치료후 1년에 6.8%, 2년에 11.4%, 3년에 15.4%인 반면, 5.5mCi 이상의 131I 투여를 받아 평균 6.3±0.5mCi의 131I 치료를 받은 다량투여군환자 81명에서는 1년에 12.0%, 2년에 15.4% 그리고 3년에 20.4%로 다량투여군에서 발생빈도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 방사성옥소 치료후 정상 갑상선기능상태로 되는 기간은 소량투여군과 다량투여군에서 각각 평균 5.1±3.6개월 및 4.8±2.8개월로 양군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p$gt;0.1). 3) 방사성옥소 단회소량투여군환자 550명을 대상으로 조사한 연령군별 갑상선기능저하증의 발생빈도는 30세미만의 환자에서는 1년에 4.3%, 2년에 7.7%, 30세에서 49세까지의 환자들에서는 1년에 5.8%, 2년에 11.1% 그리고 50세 이상의 환자들에서는 1년에 11.0%, 2년에 14.4%로 연령이 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4) 역시 방사성옥소 단회소량 투여군환자 300명을 대상으로 조사한 안구돌출유뮤에 따른 갑상선기능저하증의 발생빈도는 치료후 1년과 2년에 각각 안구돌출이 있는 환자들에서는 7.1% 및 12.1%, 그리고 없는 환자에서는 7.3% 및 12.2%로 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 이상에서 저자들은 독성미만성 갑상선종환자에서 방사성옥소 치료후 발생하는 갑상선기능저하증은 과거 국내에서 보고된 것보다 그 발생빈도가 높으며 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하고, 특히 다회투여군에서는 치료후 4년 이후에 연증가율이 급격에 증가하며, 초회치료로 호전되는 환자에서는 방사성옥소투여량을 줄임으로써 그 발생빈도를 감소시킬 수 있음을 관찰하였다. Radioactive ioine(RAI), principally 131I, effectively controls hyperthyroidism in the majority of patients. The subsequent development of hypothyroidism, however, has been of increasing concern since it was first pointed out by Chapman and Maloof in 1955. And the steady increase of late hypothyroidism during the passage of time was known with its relation with dosage of RAI. The authors have investigated the development of hypothyroidism in 935 patients with diffuse toxic goiter(DTG) who were treated with RAI(131I) at the Seoul National University Hospital from 1960 to 1977 to reveal its relation with the number of RAI treatments, dosage of RAI, age of patients and exophthalmos with the following results. 1)The incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI therapy among 631 patients with DTG who were treated with single RAI regimen was 7.4%(1 year), 11.8%(2 year), 16.2%(3 year), 22.1%(4 year) and 25.5%(5 year), and that anong 163 patients given multipie RAI treatments was 8.6%(1 year), 10.4%(2 year), 13.3%(3 year), 29.1%(4 year), and 54.1%(5 year) respectively showing much higher yearly increments from 4 years after RAI treatmenet in comparison with the former. 2) Among 550 patients in the lower dose group treated with single RAI regimen less than 5.0mCi(Mean±S.D.: 4.3±0.6mCi), the incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI treatment was 6.8%(1 year), 11.4%(2 year), 15.4%(3 year), while among 81 patients in the higher dose group given single RAI treatment not less than 5.5mCi (Mean±S.D.: 6.3±0.5mCi) it was 12.0%(1 year), 15.4%(2 year) and 20.4%(3 year) respectively. However, the duration till euthyroid state after RAI therapy in the two groups was 5.1±3.6 months and 4.8±2.8 months respectively showing no statistically signficant difference (p$gt;0.1). 3) The incidence of hypothyroidism after RAI treatment in patients younger than 30 years of age was 4.3%(1 year) and 7.7%(2 year); in patients from 30 years to 49 years of age, 5.8%(1 year) and 11.1%(2 year); and in those older than 50 years, 11.0%(1year) and 2 year). The data revealed rising incidence of hypothyroidism with increase of patients' age. 4) Among 116 patients with exophthames the incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI treatment was 7.1%(1 year) and 12.15(2 year) while that among 184 patients without exophthalmes was 7.3%(1 year) and 12.2%(2 year) respectively. With the above data the authors could conclude that the hypothyroidism in patients with DTG who were treated by RAI developed more frequently than reported by others in Korea till now, and increased with the passage of time, the yearly increments from 4 years after RAI treatment increasing markedly in the multiple dose group, and the incidence could be reduced by decreasing the administered RAI dose not increasing the duration till euthyroid state after RAI therapy.

당뇨병에서의 혈장 Renin 활성에 관한 연구

이정상,이문호,김성권,최강원,표희정,박정식 대한핵의학회 1979 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.13 No.1

당뇨병에서의 고혈압 및 신합병증에 따른 Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone계의 동태를 밝히기 위하여 40예의 당뇨병 환자에서 기저 및 furosemide 정주 2시간 후의 PRA를 측정하였다. 1) 40예의 당뇨병 환자는 신합병증과 고혈압의 유무에 따라 4군으로 분류하였으며, 임상적인 합병증이 없는 Ⅰ군에는 15명, 신합병증이 있는 Ⅱ군에는 7명, 신합병증과 고혈압이 같이 있는 Ⅲ군에는 8명, 고혈압만 있는 Ⅳ군에는 10명의 환자가 속하였다. 2) 각 군의 24시간 요중 Na배설량의 평균치 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 기저 PRA치는 Ⅰ군이 1.53±1.09ng/ml/hr(Mean±S.D), Ⅱ군이 0.63±0.59ng/ml/hr, Ⅲ군이 0.79±0.62ng/ml/hr, Ⅳ군이 1.11±0.80ng/ml/hr로서 Ⅱ군과 Ⅲ군은 Ⅰ군에 비하여 유의하게 저하되어 있으나(P$lt;0.05), 다른 군들 간에는 유의한 차를 볼 수 없었다. 4) furosemide 정주 2시간 후의 PRA치는 Ⅰ군이 2.72±1.96ng/ml/hr, Ⅱ군이 0.92±0.78ng/ml/hr, Ⅲ군은 1.03±0.76ng/ml/hr, Ⅳ군은 1.73±1.39ng/ml/hr로써 Ⅰ군과 Ⅱ군사이에서만 유의한 차이를 보이고(P$lt;0.05), 다른 당뇨병 환자군 사이에서는 유의한 차를 볼 수 없었다. 5) furosemide 정주에 의한 Renin 분필 자극시험에 대한 반응도 Ⅱ군과 Ⅲ군에서는 둔화되어 있는 양상을 보이나, 시험대상도 적고하여 통계적 유의성에는 미치지 못하였다. 이상의 성적에서 신합병증이 있는 당뇨병에서는 혈장 Renin활성이 저하되며 furosemide 정주에 의한 Renin 분필자극시험에 대한 반응도 둔화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 당뇨병성 신합병증에 의한 고혈압에서도 혈장 Renin활성은 저하되는 경향을 보여서 이 경우의 고혈압은 Renin이외의 다른 요인이 작용할 것으로 보인다. To evaluate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus, basal plasma renin activity(PRA) and its response to intravenous furosemide were determined in 40 diabetic subjects. The diabetics were divided into 4 groups according to the pressence of nephropathy and/or hypertension. Uncomplicated diabetics(Group I) were taken as control group and the results of the other groups were compared to this group. In diabetics viith nephropathy alone(Group Ⅱ), and with nephropathy and hypertension (Group Ⅲ), basal PRA values were 0.63±0.59ng/ml/hr., and 0.79±0.62ng/ml/hr., respectively, both significantly lower than control group. (1.53±1.09ng/ml/hr.). (P$lt;0.05) In both of the above groups, the responses to intravenous furosemide tended to be blunted. On the other hand, in diabetics, with hypertension only (Group Ⅳ), the basal and stimulated PRA were not significantly different from control. Above results suggests that nephropathy may be one of the factors which suppress renin activity in diabetes me.

아급성 갑상선염의 임상적 고찰

홍기석,고창순,정준기,이홍규,김삼용,석창호,박성회,김용일 대한핵의학회 1978 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.12 No.2

저자들은 서울대학교 병원 내과에서 108례의 갑상선 침생검을 시행하여 8례(7.9%)의 아급성갑상선염을 진단할 수 있었다. 이를 임상경과, 갑상선기능 등으로 본 임상단계와 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Czernick 등이 시도하였던 임상단계와 침생검의 조직소견이 비교적 잘 대응하였다. 임상경과가 길거나 갑상선기능이 낮을수록 갑상선의 섬유화가 심하였고 여포성분의 감소를 보였다. 갑상선의 기능상태와 옥소섭취율 혹은 갑상선주사상의 섭취율은 역 상관관계를 보였다. 임상단계의 초기에 발견된 환자들은 기능항진증의 증상을 보였다가 기능저하증의 양상을 보인 후 회복되는 이형적인 경과를 보였다. 임상단게의 후기에 발견된 환자들은 4명중 3명이 기능저하증을 보였는데, 이는 경과로 보아 질환의 최종단계로 생각되었다. $quot; 8 cases of subacute thyroiditis was diagraiosed amormg 108 needle biopsy of the thyroid during the period from April 1976 to August 1978. Correlation of the histologic findings with the clinical staging proposed by Czernick was relatively well matched; cases with long clinical course or low thyroid hormone levels showed greater fibrosis and reduction of follicular elements in thyroid. Thyroid (131)^I uptake or the uptake as seen on the thyroid scanning correlated inversely with the thyroid hormone levels. The clinical course of the patients seen in their initial stage of disease followed the classical pattern; hyperthyroid-like, hypothyroid-like and recovery. 3 among the 4, who were seen in their later clinical course showed hypothyroidism, which seemed the final outcome of their diseases.

RIHSA와 131I-Hippuran으로 측정한 심박출량의 비교

김정일,고창순,이안기,길광수,박진영,김동섭 대한핵의학회 1970 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.4 No.2

저자들은 정상성인 남자 11예에서 방사성동위원소인 RIHSA와 (131)^I-Hippuran을 사용하여 체외계측법에 의한 심박출량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) RIHSA를 사용한 심박출량의 측정치는 6750±866ml/min, 심계수의 측정치는 3960±476ml/min./㎡이었다. 2) 131I-Hippuran을 사용한 심박출량의 측정치는 5940±764ml/min, 심계수의 측정치는 3490±396ml/min./㎡이었다. 3) (131)^I-Hippuran에 의한 심박출량의 측정치는 RIHSA를 사용한 심박출량의 측정치의 88%로 나타났으며 양자간의 차이는 통계학적의미를 가지고 있었다(P$lt;0.05). 4) (131)^I-Hippuran을 사용하여 심박출량측정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. Repeated measurement of cardiac output in the same 11 normal individuals were done with (131)^I-Hippuran and RIHSA. Following results were obtained. 1) The cardiac output measured with RIHSA was 6750±866ml/min. 2) The cardiac output measured with (131)^I-Hippuran was 5940±764ml/min. 3) The relative value of cardiac output measured with (131)^I-Hippuran to that measured with RIHSA was 88 percent, and a statistical significance was found present in the difference.

방사성 의약품 합성에 관한 연구(Ⅵ) : Auflatoxine-B1의 방사성 요오드 표지와 그 생리작용

박경배,유용운,성호경,김유선 대한핵의학회 1978 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.12 No.1

Carcinogen으로 알려져 있는 auflatoxine계통 화합물의 방사성 표지 반응을 연구하였다. Auflatoxine 계통 약품중에서 그 함유량이 가장 큰 auflatoxin-B1을 초산 촉매하에 chloroamine-T를 사용하여 125I로 표지한 결과 표지화합물을 방사화학적 수율 63.6%로 얻을 수 있었다. 생성물의 화학구조를 I.R. 및 N.M.R.로 검사한 결과 auflatoxine의 benzene고리에 표지되었음을 확인하였다. 쥐를 시험동물로 삼아 경구 투여후의 대사과정을 부검으로 조사한 결과 간 및 혈액에 방사능이 축적되고 요오드이온은 분리되지 않았음을 확인하였다. Labelling auflatoxines, the potential carcinogenic compounds, by radioactive iodine has been studied. The aufiatoxine-B1, which is known to be the most abundant components of auflatoxines in the nature, was labelled by radioactive iodine-125 through an acid catalyst chloroamine-T procedure. The radiochemical yield was amounted to 63.6%. The chemical structure of the labelled product was proved to be 6-iodo 5-methoxy coumarine structure of auflatoxine-B1 molecule by means of I.R. and N.M.R. spectroscopy. The labelled product was orally administered in a test animal (Rat) and examined the accumnulation of radioactivity in the body at the definite time interval. The accumnulation of the radioactivity was pronounced at the blood and the liver. There was no indication of the decomposition of auflatcxine-B1-125I in the organs of the test animal. $quot;

Bhattacharya법에 의한 혈청 Ca, Zn, Mg, Cu의 정상치

김영기,서진태,박명희,김상인 대한병리학회 1981 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.15 No.3

Tropane Spirohydantoin들의 합성 및 구조분석

정대일,이도훈,송주현,이용균,최순규,박유미,한정태 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

The tropane ring system is an important substructure in a number of natural products and synthetic compounds of biological and medicinal importance. As a result of the significance of the tropane ring system, the purpose of this study is the synthesis of anticonvulsant compounds of new s tructure anticipated anticonvulsant activity. After we first synthesized the various N-substituted nortropinone derivatives, we prepared new nortropane alkaloids and nortropinone derivatives. Substantially, we tried several experiments to optimize reaction condition. The tropane spirohydantoins 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 were respectively synthesized by the treatment of corresponding N-substituted nortropinone with potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate.