한,중,일 전통극 복식의 미적특성 비교

양정원(Joung Won Yang),이미숙(Mi Suk Lee) 한국디자인문화학회 2011 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 비교문화적인 관점에서 중국의 경극과 일본의 가부키와 함께 한국의 가면극 복식에 초점을 맞추어 삼국의 전통공연복식의 외적 조형성과 복식에 내재된 가치를 종합적으로 분석함으로써 전통공연복식의 공통점과 차이점을 통해서 우리공연문화의 정체성을 확립하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 선행연구 및 관련 서적을 중심으로 한·중·일 전통극의 발전과 특징을 살펴본 후, 양유미, 이미숙에 의해서 연구된 한·중·일 삼국 전통극 복식의 미적특성을 토대로 삼국 전통극의 복식에 나타난 조형적 특성과 내재적 특성의 공통점과 차이점을 비교 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한·중·일 전통극 복식의 조형성의 공통점은 카프탄의 비구축적인 형식, 중첩착장에 의한 부피감의 연출 등이다. 둘째, 조형적 특성의 차이점은 가면극은 H형 뿐 만아니라 A형의 실루엣도 나타났던 반면에 경극과 가부키는 복식의 형태는 전반적으로 H형 실루엣이었다. 착용방식에서는 삼국 모두 겹쳐 입는 방식을 취하지만 가부키의 중첩착용은 표의류를 여러 벌 중복 착용하여 습색의 미를 연출한다는 점에서 가면극, 경극의 경우와 차이를 보였다. 가면극 및 가부키 복식은 거의 대부분이 직령 우임으로 착장시 깃의 비대칭적 균형을 보이는데 반해 경극은 비대칭의 깃의 형태가 두드러지게 나타났다. 복색의 경우 가면극은 흑백의 대비배색, 소색(素色), 원색 사용이 많은 반면에 경극과 가부키 복색은 다양한 문양과 조우하여 다양한색 배색의 색채미가 돋보였다. 또한 가면극 복식이 무지(無地)가 지배적으로 사용되었던 반면에 경극, 가부키 복식은 옷의 전면에 다양한 문양이 표현되어 장식성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한·중·일 전통극 복식의 조형적 특성의 가장 큰 차이점은 화장법에서 찾을 수 있다. 가면극은 가면이라는 도구표면에 분장을 한 반면에, 경극과 가부키는 얼굴 표면에 추상적인 형태의 도면화장을 하였다. 경극의 도면화장은 성격화장인 검보, 미화화장인 단 배역의 준반으로 구분되며, 가부키의 경우는 성격화장인 구마도리와 미화화장인 온나가타의 백색화장이 특징적이다. 넷째, 한·중·일 전통극 복식의 내재적 특성의 공통점은 감춤의 미와 비움의 미가 삼국의 전통극 복식에서 보편적인 가치로 나타났다. 다섯째, 한·중·일 전통극 복식의 내재적 특성의 차이점은 가면극의 벽사의 미와 경극·가부키의 상징의 미, 가면극의 해학적 관능미와 가부키의 은폐적 관능미, 경극의 위용적 과장미와 가부키의 숭고적 과장미, 가면극의 소박의 미와 경극·가부키의 장식의 미가 각각 대별된다. 한편 전통극에 나타난 독자적인 특성은 가면극의 해학의 미와 가부키의 습색의 미라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 동아시아 국가와의 문화비교를 통하여 객관적 시각에서 우리의 전통문화의 가치를 이해하고 자국문화의 정체성 제고에 기여하리라 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to establish the identity of Korean performing arts through the similarities and differences by analyzing the external plasticity of the three countries` traditional performing costumes and the immanent values focusing on the Korean mask drama along with Beijing Opera of China and Kabuki of Japan from a cross-cultural perspective. The method of this study was to examine the precedented studies and the related books around the development and the characteristics of Korean, Chinese and Japanese traditional plays at first and then did a comparative analysis on the similarities and differences of plastic characteristics and immanent properties represented on the three countries` traditional play costumes based upon the aesthetic characteristics of those countries`s traditional play costumes researched by Yang, You-mee and Lee, Mi-suk. The result of the study is as follows: First, the common grounds of the formativeness of Korean, Chinese and Japanese traditional play costumes are the unconstructive style of the kaftan and the creation of a sense of volume by overlapped wearing. Second, the difference of the plastic characteristics is whereas the mask dramas showed the H-line and the A-line silhouette, the costume styles of Beijing Opera and Kabuki were generally of H-line silhouette. The way of wearing is that all three countries took the means of wearing clothes in layers, but the overlapped wearing of Kabuki showed a difference from the cases of the Mask drama and Beijing Opera in terms of creating a beauty of ‘Seubsaek’ by overlapped wearing of several pieces of outer coats. Whereas most of the costumes of Mask drama and Kabuki were straight collars with the right gore to show asymmetrical balance of the collars when wearing, Beijing Opera prominently showed asymmetrical collars. In case of the colors of the costumes, while Mask drama used contrast colors of black and white, achromatized colors and primary colors, the costumes of Beijing Opera and Kabuki set off brilliancy of multi-colors and color scheme encountering various patterns. Whereas solid and plain fabrics were dominantly used for the costumes of Mask dance, a wide array of patterns were expressed on the front of the clothes of Beijing Opera and Kabuki to show strong decorative properties. Third, the greatest differentiation of the traditional play costumes of Korea, China and Japan can be found in the method of makeup. While they put on makeup on the surface of a tool, a mask, in the Mask dance, they put on abstractive makeup on the surface of a face in the Beijing Opera and Kabuki. The facial makeup of Beijing Opeara is classified into ‘Gumbo’, a character makeup and ‘Junban’, beautified makeup for a minor role, and in case of Kabuki, ‘Gumadori’ of a character makeup and ‘Onnagata’ of beautified makeup are the distinguishing features. Fourth, for the common ground of immanent nature of the traditional play costumes of Korea, China and Japan, the beauty of concealment and the beauty of void were shown as universal values in the three countries` traditional play costumes. Fifth, the differences shown in the comparison of the immanent properties of the three nations` traditional play costumes are generally classified into the beauty of exorcism of Mask drama and the beauty of symbolism of Beijing Opera and Kabuki, humoristic voluptuous beauty of Mask drama and a cover-up voluptuous beauty of Kabuki, splendid beauty of exaggeration of Beijng Opera and the sublime beauty of exaggeration, the beauty of simplicity of Mask drama and the decorative beauty of Beijing Opera and Kabuki while the independent nature shown in the traditional plays can be the beauty of satire of Mask drama and the beauty of ‘Seubsaek’ of Kabuki. This study is to understand the value of Korean traditional culture from an objective point of view through the comparison of cultures of Eastern Asian countries and anticipate to contribute to establishing the identity of its

천식을 악화시킨 흉선 유암종 1예

임정묵,김미경 대한천식 및 알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.1

Thymic carcinoid tumors are very rare and grow slowly with low grade of malignancy. It can manifest flushing, diarrhea, and bronchial constriction with secretion of serotonins, histamines or neuropeptides. We experienced a case of thymic carcinoid tumor, which aggravated asthma. A 59-year-old male had been in a well-controlled state, until he was admitted for status asthmaticus 2 years ago. Since then, he had suffered from frequent dyspnea and had severe asthma attack leading to ICU care twice in spite of full optimal anti-asthma therapy Nine months ago, anterior mediastinal tumor was found incidentally, which was diagnosed as carcinoid tumor. After resection, his asthmatic symptoms and signs were improved and controlled in a persistent mild state. Taken together, this case indicates that asthma might be aggravated by carcinoid syndrome caused by thymic carcinoid tumors. (J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 24 : 156-60, 2004)

마요네즈에 사용되는 식초의 대체이용에 관한 연구 : 영귤, 미숙과, 레몬 즙액 첨가시 마요네즈의 유동특성과 기호도에 미치는 영향 Effects of citrus sudachi juice, prematurity citrus fruit juice, lemon juice addition on the preference and rheology of Mayonnaise

이미정,김우실,박영선 제주한라대학 2000 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

As one of the acids which is added to the production of Mayonnaise, each 15ml, 22ml, 30ml of vinegar, citrus Sudachi juice, lemon juice and prematurity citrus fruite juice is respectively added to the production process of the Mayonnaise. The noticeable difference between the Mayonnaise manufactured by the addition of the additives in the juice and the Mayonnaise in market can be briefly summarized to be more tasty in flavor and mouthcoating(velvety) and lesser greasy in flavor and oily smell at the use of prematurity citrus fruit juice respectively than other additives. As a results of the test, the Mayonnaise with the addition of 15ml, prematurity citrus fruit juice is tested to be better than others.

「부인필지」에 수록된 주식류와 침채류 조리법에 관한 문헌적 고찰

이미정,김기숙,신은하 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.13 No.-

"Puinpilji" was written in 1915. We compared the cooking methods of the kinds of staple food and Chimche in "Puinpilji" with those in other cooking books. Patbap, without adding boiled redbean itself, was cooked with the boiled redbean water. The sweetness and color of Yakbap came from honey and the boiled jujube water. Tarakjuk was cooked with the same amount of milk and water. When rice was half cooked, milk was added. Patjuk was made by boiling together with a large amount of jujube and redbean. On kneading Saeal, ginger-juice was added. Tongchimi-kukmul and Jidan was used in Myongwolkwan-Naengmyon. The characteristics of Ouyuk-kimchi was that the boiled water with meat and dried fish was added to Kimchi. And also, Myongwol-Saengchiche made by adding meat of pheasant to Tongchimi-kukmul and Chonbok-chimche made by adding various materials to Junbok soaked in water were introduced in the text.

탈지대두박을 활용한 콩치즈와 스폰지 케익의 품질특성

이숙영,박미정,최애진 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 생활과학논집 Vol.14 No.-

The effects of the different mixing ratios(10:0, 7:3, or 5:5) of Jinpum soybean milk to defatted soybean meal milk and the different enzyme treatments with α -chymotrypsin or trypsin on the yields, physicochemical and textural properties, and sensory characteristics of soybean cheeses were studied. The effects of the different replacement amounts(15, 30, or 45%) of defatted soybean meal on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sponge cake were also studied. In the results of yield, pH, lightness, hardness, mouthfeel and overall quality of sensory characteristics, the mixing ratio of 7:3 and the trypsin treatment were recommended for better manufacturing of high-quality soybean cheese. In the results of moisture contents, specific gravity, and overall quality of sensory characteristics, there were no significant differences between control and the sample of 15% replacement with untreated defatted soybean meal, and also between control and that of 30% replacement with trypsin-treated. The trypsin treatment of defatted soybean meal resulted in similar texture to control, the decrease in beany flavor, softer mouthfeel, and better moistness.

중성자 방사화 분석법을 이용한 대전공단지역의 미량금속의 특성

구부미,임종명,이진홍 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.19 No.-

This study focused on the quantitative analysis of about 30 trce metals including toxic ones for Daejeon industrial complex area. Sampling period was about 10 months, and PM 10 was collected on Whatman 41 cellulose filter by a high-volume air sampler. Then, PM 10 samples were analyzed by NAA. The following results were summarized from this study: (1) the mean concentration of PM 10 was 86.3㎍/㎥, and the seasonal concentrations of PM 10 and metals were minimum in summer; (2) the concentrations of soul related and sea salt metals, that is, Cl, ,Fe, Al, K, Ca, and Mg were to be much higher; (3) the results of enrichment factor analysis indicated As, Br, I, Cl, Se and Sb to be enriched in PM 10 Samples of our study site; (4) the result of factor analysis by SPSS showed that 84% of total variance was well explained, and communality of almost every metal was greater than about 0.8.

기기중성자 방사화분석법을 이용한 도로변 대기중 미량금속의 농도

임종명,구부미,장미숙,이진홍 충남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

There has been a limited number of data for the long-term concentrations of heavy metals within airborne particulates in Korea. Especially, there exist no such data sets for ambient particulates at the roadside that they should have been produced by using INAA. Therefore, this study focuses on the quantitive analysis of about 30 trace metals including toxic ones for roadside airborne particulates. The study also concentrates on the interpretation of analyzed results for the ambient particulates. From the results of the quantitative analysis for airborne particulates at the roadside by INAA, it is shown that the concentrations of metals such as Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg and Na due to crust and marine aerosols are much higher than those of other metals. The concentrations of human carcinogen, arsenic and chromium are 6.71±0.85 ng/m3 and 5.95±0.41 ng/m3, respectively while that of non-carcinogenic toxic metal Mn is 34.08±3.62 ng/m3. During yellow sandy season the concentrations of metals such as Al, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe and K show up to twelve times higher than those in summer. INAA has very low detection limits and needs very small amount of airborne particulate sample for the analysis. However, it is difficult to analyze metals such as Pb, Ni, Cd, and Si, which are very important ones for either risk assessment or receptor modeling. Thus, it is necessary to use other analytical tool like ICP-MS as a complement.

상아질을 통한 HEMA의 확산에 인산농도가 미치는 영향

윤미란,이광원,박수정 大韓齒科保存學會 1999 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.24 No.1

대전 3, 4 공단지역의 대기중 중금속의 농도

임종명,이진홍,윤미정,장미숙,남병현 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This research centered on seasonal analysis for the concentration of heavy metals in 5 sites within Taejon 3rd and 4th industrial Complexes. Total suspended particulates were collected on glass microfibre filters (Whatman EPM 2000) by high volume air samplers. About 20 metal elements including 13 toxic ones were analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP-AES after the pretreatment of mixed acid extraction. The following results were summarized from the research : 1) the concentrations of TSPs were 17.7∼219.6㎍/㎥ while the arithmetic mean concentration was 101.7㎍/㎥ ; 2) the arithmetic mean concentration of human carcinogen such as arsenic, hexavalent chromium and nickel subsulfide was 9.99, 6.68 and 6.13 ng/㎥ while that of probable human carcinogen such as beryllium, cadmium and lead was 0.12, 3.37, 97.65 ng/㎥, respectively.

치경부 5급 와동 수복물의 표면 거칠기와 미세누출에 관한 연구 : 표면 전색의 효과

김민정,이미정,유미경,박수정,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of surface sealing materials on microleakage and surface roughness in Class V composite restorations. Twenty five standardized Class V cavity preparations were made on the facial surface of human premolars and were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The teeth were restored with Z-250 after applying Single Bond. Following 7 days storage in distilled water at 37℃, the restorations were sealed as following systems : No sealing ; Single Bond Adhesive ; Biscover ; Fortify ; Optiguard. Then, toothbrush abrasion test was conducted using a wear testing machine. Surface roughness was measured by means of profilometer before and after toothbrushing and the results were statistically analysed by using a paired t-test and ANOVA. The bonded interfaces and the changes of surface roughness were examined by SEM. For microleakage test, specimens were stained in a 2% methylene blue solution, then longitudinally sectioned and analyzed for leakage at occlusal and cervical interfaces using stereomicroscope. The results were statistically analysed by using a Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Surface roughness was increasing in all groups after toothbrushing, but no statistically significant differences. In SEM observation, surface sealant was partially retained and partially detached in bonded interfaces. Especially, microgap was identified in cervical margins. In microleakage test, there was better seal in the enamel region and a significant difference between groups at occlusal margin. Control group and Single Bond group had significantly better marginal seal at enamel margin than cervical margin. 수복물의 변연 미세 누출과 마모 개선을 위해 표면 전색제가 개발되었으며 이의 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해, 규격화된 치경부 5급 와동을 25개의 소구치의 협면에 형성하고 Single Bond와 Z-250으로 수복한 뒤, 37℃의 증류수에 7일간 보관한 후 무작위로 5군으로 나누고 다음과 같은 재료로 제조사의 지시에 따라 표면 처리하였다 : No sealing ; Single Bond Adhesive ; Biscover ; Fortify ; Optiguard. 그 후 잇솔질 마모시험을 시행하였다. 표면 조도는 잇솔질 전후에 profilometer로 측정되었고 paired t-test와 ANOVA로 비교하였다. 접착면과 표면변화는 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 시편은 2% methylene blue 용액으로 염색한 뒤, 협설로 잘라 제작하였다. 입체현미경을 이용하여 교합면쪽과 치경부쪽 계면에서 미세누출을 관찰하고 Kruskal-Wallis와 Mann-Whitney U test를 이용하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 표면 조도는 잇솔질 후 수치가 증가하였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 전자 현미경 관찰 결과, 표면 전색제가 접착면에 부분적으로 남아있기도 하였으나 많은 부분에서 떨어져 나간 상태였다. 특히, 미세 틈새가 치경부쪽 변연에서 나타났다. 미세누출 실험에서는 법랑질에서 더 봉쇄효과가 좋았으며 교합면쪽 변연에서 군간에 유의할만한 차이를 나타내었다. 조절군과 Single Bond를 도포한 군에서는 치경부쪽 변연보다 법랑질쪽 변연에서 유의하게 좋은 변연 봉쇄 효과를 나타내었다.