害忠防除의 새로운 方法 模索

夫庚生 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1984 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.1 No.-

We have nearly one million species of insect recorded in this earth. Moreover they pass through three or four different stages of development ; egg, larva, pupa and adult. All these mean that insects have evolved almost all means of physiological and ecological adaptation to their environment. Most of insect species live their own lives and about 15,000 species are directly or indirectly related to human lives, Among the latter group, most are beneficial, and only about 3,000 species are classified as harmful insects. We have tried to control insect pests with several methods, such as cultural, biological, mechanical, physical, legal and chemical method. The last has played the major role, with application of large quantities of pesticides, which result in three important ill effects ; 1. development of insect pests resistance to insecticides, 2. outbreaks of the pests due to destruction of their natural enemies, and 3. their potential health hazard to humans and wildlife. We need a lot of research and investment in developing alternative control methods in order to avoid those unwanted effects. There are various possibilities, but, in this paper, I discussed only two categories, physiological and genetic, which are already registered or have a good chance of future use. It would be much better if we could find some strategies based on physiological principles operating only in insects. Among this are included cuticle biosynthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormones and their analogues, anti-juvenile hormones, pheromones, kairomones, allomones, antimetabolites, and antifeedants. These chemicals are expected not to give so much troubles to man. Genetic methods can be employed to suppress or eradicate pest populations or to introduce genes innocuous to man into natural populations. This can be accomplished by sterile insect release, chromosome translocations, hybrid sterility, cytoplasmic incompatibility, compound chromosomes, meiotic drive, negative heterosis, conditional lethal mutations, etc. However, it must be emphasized that insect pest problems can be overcome only by integrated pest management programs. We have to select and wisely use the best mean(s) of pest control under a given condition.

배과수원에서 발생하는 차애모무늬잎말이나방(가칭, Adoxophyes sp.)에서의 성페로몬 합성 조절과 PBAN cDNA의 구조

부경생 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

The smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a serious pest damaging leaves of pears and teas in Korea and other Asian countries. Adoxophyes in Asia including A. sp. have various characters in morphology, host preference, and sex pheromone composition. But the taxonomy, sexual isolation mechanism, and evolution of pheromone polymorphism in Adoxophyes are not clearly established. Though GC analysis, it was revealed that (Z)-9-tetradencenyl acetate (Z9-14Ac) and (Z)-11-tetradencenyl acetate (Z11-14Ac) are sex pheromone components of A. sp. Composition of pheromone components was 40 : 0 between z9-14Ac and Z11-14Ac in pheromone gland extract and female effluvia. Mating behavior and pheromone production in A. sp. Showed diel rhythm. A. sp. Mated and maximally produced the pheromone immediately after lights-on under a photoperiod of 16L/8D. Pheromone production was stimulated by injection of male of female head extracts, or Hez-PBAN. Therefore, it was proposed that pheromone production in A. sp. Is regulated by a neuropeptide, maybe PBAN, produced from the head. A 750 bp-long cDNA encoding PBAN of A. sp. Was fully characterized. PBAN cDNA contains a predicted open reading frame (ORF) of 576 nucleotides encoding and 192-amino acid long polypeptide. This polypeptide is predicted to be cleaved into 5 putative peptides including PBAN by endoproteolytic processing. PBAN of A. sp. Is a 31-aminoacid long neuropeptide and has 35-48% homology with PBANs from other moths. Other four putative peptides encoded in PBAN cDNA of A. sp. Are 24-amino acid, 7-amino acid, 20-amino acid, and 8-amino acid long. Through immunocytochemical studies, neuronal cells producing PBAN-like peptides were identified. Immunoreactive cells were located in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SG), and some ganglia in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Immunoreactiv cells in the SG constitute three clusters and project neuritis to the corpora cardiaca. A couple of neuritis from the SG descended through the VNC and terminated in the terminal abdominal ganglion.

진딧물 성 페로몬 성분에 대한 칠성풀잠자리붙이의 반응

부경생 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Chrysopa cognata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is the most important lacewing predator against aphids in Korea. In our research C. cognata was shown to respond to aphid sex pheromone chemicals,(-)-(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol and (+)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, in EAG measurements and olfactory bioassay experiments. And C. cognata were attracted in trapping at a chestnut orchard, an arboretum and a college campus where insecticides were rarely sprayed. C. cognata significantly more responds to nepetalactol than to nepetalactone, which was again significantly more effective than a solvent, hexane. They were caught in traps mainly during nights, especially from 7.30PM to 1.00AM in July and August in Suwon, Korea. But trap color did not influence the trapping efficiency. The number of C. cognata caught increased with the amount of the chemicals, up to 30mg per a lure, the highest amount tested in these series of experiments. Their catch extended throughout the season, from May to October, with more numbers in July and August. For a dispenser for aphid pheromone chemicals, rubber septa were much more effective than glass vials, in terms of longevity and attractivity. Another surprising result was that only males were caught in the traps. Besides this species a few individuals of male Chrysopa Formosa and Chrysopa phyllochroma were also caught in the pheromone traps.

The history of the Korean society of applied entomology for its first 50 years

Kyung Saeng Boo 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Variation in Sex Pheromone Composition of a Few Selected Lepidopteran Species

Boo, Kyung-Saeng Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1998 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.1 No.1

Composition of insect sex pheromone is not always constant for any particular species. It may be different depending on the geographical area in the distribution of a species, as can be seen in the case of the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis (Pyralidae). During the course of examining sex pheromone compositions of several lepidopteran species damaging agricultural and horticultural crops in South Korea, some subtle or apparent differences were noticed in sex pheromone compositions of Korean population belonging to those same species distributed in her neighboring countries. The oriental tobacco budworm moth, Helicoverpa assulta(Noctuidae), in Korea prefers the blend of 100 : 5 between(Z)-9-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, while Thailand population responds best to 100 : 13 and Chinese population to wider blends from 100 : 2 to 100 : 20. Among lepidopteran insect pests on apples and apple tree leaves, the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Tortricidae), showed almost no difference from one region to another. Korean population responded best to the blend of 100 : 5, with other populations to 100 : 6~100 : 9 between (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate. Onthe other hand, the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii(C. niponensis) (Carposinidae), males were attracted best to a single component, (Z)-7-eicosen-11-one in the case of Korean population, in contrast to Japanese population which was shown to be preferentially attracted to the mixture of the (Z)-7-eicosen-11-one and (Z)-7-nonadecen-11-one at the ratio of 100 : 5. The yellow peach moth, Dichocrocis pundtiferalis(Pyralidae), seems to consist of two different populations in the northeastern Asia region, with one group resonding to the blend of 100 : 8~100 : 11 between (E)-10-hexadecenal and (Z)-10-hexadecenal and the other to tat of 100 : 43. The first group was found in Japan ad China and the second in Korea and also China. Korean population of the apple leaf miner, Phyllonorycter ringoniella(Gracillariidae), was best attracted to the blend of 100 : 150 between (Z)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and (E, Z)-4, 10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, while Japanese and Chinese popilations to the blends of 100 : 10~30 and 100 : 43~67, respectively. Furthermore, Korean Adoxophyes(Tortricidae) seemed to be a totally different species from Japanese Adoxophyes sp., or Adoxophyes orana fasciata, when viewed in terms of their pheromone composition.

Physiology and Biochemistry Field Trapping of Chrysopa cognata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with Aphid Sex Pheromone Components in Korea

Boo, Kyung-Saeng,S.S. Kang,Park, J.H.,J.A. Pickett,L.J. Wadhams Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2003 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.6 No.1

Attraction of Chryrsopa cognata (McLachlan) adults to two major aphid sex pheromone components, (-)-(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (NL) and (+) - (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone (NN) , was investigated in field experiments in Korea. C. cognata adults were much more highly attracted to NL than to NN. Even though NN also attracted significantly more C. cognata adults than did solvent control, there were no synergistic or additive effects on the trappings by NL. In a series of trapping experiments with blends of the two chemicals, C. cognata numbers trapped tended to increase with the content of NL, but never more than that by NL alone. As the amount of aphid sex pheromone components increased, more C. cognata were captured. However, the period of attraction for NL significantly decreased with time and after 50 days few C. cognata adults were attracted. C. cognata adults were mainly captured during the night and only a few were attracted in daytime during the late fall period. Even during the night, most of C. cognata were attracted from about 7:00 PM to 11:30 PM with apparently a longer period of activity in the summer than in the fall with an intermediate activity period in the spring. C. cognata adults caught in traps throughout the trap experiments were almost only males, in agreement with electroantenogram(EAG) results which showed that only male adults responded. The EAG response was stronger to NL than to NN. In addition to C. cognata, a few male adults of Chrysopa formosa (Brauer) and Chrysopa phyllochroma (Wesmael) were also captured in field pheromone traps.

Are the Summer Fruit Tortrix(Adoxophyes orana) and the Smaller Tea Tortrix(Adoxophyes sp.) in a Way to Speciation in Korea?

Han Kyeung-Sik,Lee Jae-Min,Boo Kyung-Saeng 한국응용곤충학회 2001 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.1

Mating Effect on Sex Pheromone Production of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta

Boo, Kyung-Saeng,Ahn, Seung-Joon,Choi, Man-Yeon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2002 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.5 No.1

This study was undertaken to clarify the suppression phenomenon of sex pheromone production after mating and its relationship to the physiological mechanism in adult females of Helicoverpa assulta, and determine the mating factor from males causing depletion of sex pheromone production. Sex pheromone production of H. assulta females was mostly terminated in 3 hours after mating. Mated females maintained with a low titer of sex pheromone until 3 days when it started to increase again, which showed a ciaracteristic of species mating more than once. The mated female again produced pheromone upon injection of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeotude (PBAN) or extracts of brain-suboesophageal ganglion complexes (Br-Sg) of mated female, which were shown similar pheromonotropic activities as compared with virgin females. These results indicated that the mating did not inhibit the receptivity of pheromone gland itself and PBAU biosynthesis in suboesophageal ganglion of the mated females. And it seems to support that the depletion of sex pheromone production is responsible for blocking of PBAN release from head. To investigate the mating factor from adult males, when extracts of reprohuctive organs of male were injected into hemocoel of virgin females evoking depletion of sex pheromone production as shown in mated female. The results suggest that a chemical substance(s) from the male reproductive organs could be responsible for the loss of sex pheromone biosynthesis in H. assulta.

Effects of Pheromone Dose, Lure Age and Male-released Distance on Capture of Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), in Pheromone-Baited Traps

Dong-Soon Kim,Myoung-Soon Yiem,Kyung-Saeng Boo,Myoung-Rae Cho,Chang-Yeol Yang,Heung-Young Jeon 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

성페르몬을 이용한 배 과원내 복숭아순나방의 교미교란 방제 효과

부경생 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The effect of dispensers containing a 93:6:1 blend of Z8-12:Ac, E8-12:Ac, and Z8-12:OH for mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was tested at peare orchards in Naju for three years. The permeation of the atmosphere with synthetic sex pheromone significantly reduced the ability of male moths to locate pheromone-baited traps. Success in suppression of infestations by pheromone permeation was achieved under the dose rate of 50 g/ha, and increasing pheromone concentration above this dose did not significantly reduce the shoot and fruit damage. The trap catch was influenced by trap position in the pheromone-treated plots; significantly more moths were caught at the outer areas than at the inner areas. Also, shoot and fruit damage level in pheromone-treated plots was significantly heavier in the trees located in the outer area. However, the lower efficacy in the outer areas was partly improved by the application of a high number of dispensers at these areas compared with the inner areas. When the population of G. molesta was relatively high, inner areas. When the population of G. molesta was relatively high, mating disruption techniques resulted in significantly lower levels of fruit damage at the harvest time than that in the control plot, but the fruit damage was commercially unacceptatble. Assessment of trap catch and damage level over a three-year period showed that the effectiveness of the disruption technique for G. molesta was enhanced through sequential suppression year after year at the same site. Despite the complete elimination of miticide applications during three consecutive growing seasons, population densities of phytophagous mites in the pheromone-treated plots were low. However, the reduction of pesticide applications in pheromone-treated plots resulted in the increase of damage caused by Aphanostigma iakusuiense, Adoxophyes orana and Psylla pyricola.